Estudio de signos lapidarios de Época Medieval: las marcas de cantero de la iglesia de Santa María la Mayor (Montblanc)

Treballs Finals de Grau Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, Curs: 2022-2023 Tutor: Marta Sancho Planas[spa] En el presente trabajo se han estudiado los signos lapidarios ubicados en una construcción medieval del siglo XIV de carácter religioso, concretamente la iglesia de Santa María la Mayor en Montblanc (Tarragona). Con el objetivo de recoger, clasificar, inventariar y analizar las marcas de cantero dejadas por los constructores en los sillares de las paredes de la edificación. Para ello se ha empleado la metodología propia de la gliptografía y los datos históricos y arqueológicos existentes. Los resultados obtenidos sirven como refuerzo en los análisis arqueológicos de la arquitectura aparte de para obtener un breve contexto del funcionamiento de los talleres medievales dedicados a la construcción.[eng] In the present work, we have studied the lapidary signs from a religious medieval building from the 14th century, specifically the Church of Santa María la Mayor, located in Montblanc (Tarragona). Our work has been essentially collecting, classifying, inventorying, and analyzing the building ashlars marks left by the builders. To carry this out successfully, we had to investigate and analyze Montblanc's history, archeology, and its glyptography methodology. The results obtained from the data collection and analysis would serve as archeological architecture reinforcement and a guide for future studies or works from the same field. As well, as a way of understanding stone workers' culture through the arts left by them

El control de convencionalidad: un concepto de creación jurisprudencial

Within the framework of the Inter-American system for the protection of human rights, "conventionality control" consists of the duty of national judges to carry out an examination of compatibility between the norms of their domestic law that have to apply a concrete case, with the American Convention on Human Rights and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights´ jurisprudence. This new type of control does not have a basis in the American Convention on Human Rights, but derives from a judicial creation of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. This implies recognizing the normative force that the jurisprudential criteria have. Jurisprudence that derive from the same international body that interprets the Convention.En el marco del sistema interamericano de protección de los derechos humanos, el “control de convencionalidad” consiste en el deber de los ueces nacionales de realizar un examen de compatibilidad entre las normas de su derecho interno que tienen que aplicar a un caso concreto, con la Convención Americana de Derechos Humanos y la jurisprudencia de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. Este nuevo tipo de control no tiene sustento en la Convención Americana de Derechos Humanos, sino que deriva de la creación y evolución jurisprudencial de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. Esto implicaría reconocer la fuerza normativa de tipo convencional que tendrían los criterios jurisprudenciales emitidos por el órgano internacional que los interpreta

La protección de los animales a la luz del derecho: ¿tienen derechos los animales?

¿Es posible afirmar que los animales tienen dignidad?, ¿se puede hablar de derechos de especies no humanas?, ¿qué eco está teniendo esta teoría en Uruguay y en el mundo?, ¿qué implicancias jurídicas podría tener el reconocimiento de teorías de este tipo? A estas preguntas pretende responder este trabajo de investigación, a efecto de reivindicar el concepto de derechos humanos únicamente atribuible a los individuos de la especie humana; pero no por ello en contradicción con la necesidad de brindar protección a otras especies. En este artículo se estudia el estatuto jurídico de los animales, cómo se da la protección de las especies no humanas en el derecho comparado y en el derecho uruguayo, y cuáles son los desafíos pendientes en la materia y las cuestiones a mejorar que requieren atención por parte de las autoridades competentes.Can animals be said to have dignity? Can we speak of rights for non-human species? What impact does this theory have in Uruguay and the world? What legal implications could the recognition of these types of theories have? This research aims to answer these questions, in order to assert the concept of human rights solely attributable to individuals of the human species, but not in contradiction with the need to provide protection to other species. This article studies the legal status of animals, how protection of non-human species is provided in comparative law and Uruguayan law, and what pending challenges and issues that require attention from competent authorities are

A proteção dos animais à luz da lei: os animais têm direitos?

Can animals be said to have dignity? Can we speak of rights for non-human species? What impact does this theory have in Uruguay and the world? What legal implications could the recognition of these types of theories have? This research aims to answer these questions, in order to assert the concept of human rights solely attributable to individuals of the human species, but not in contradiction with the need to provide protection to other species. This article studies the legal status of animals, how protection of non-human species is provided in comparative law and Uruguayan law, and what pending challenges and issues that require attention from competent authorities are.¿Es posible afirmar que los animales tienen dignidad?, ¿se puede hablar de derechos de especies no humanas?, ¿qué eco está teniendo esta teoría en Uruguay y en el mundo?, ¿qué implicancias jurídicas podría tener el reconocimiento de teorías de este tipo? A estas preguntas pretende responder este trabajo de investigación, a efecto de reivindicar el concepto de derechos humanos únicamente atribuible a los individuos de la especie humana; pero no por ello en contradicción con la necesidad de brindar protección a otras especies. En este artículo se estudia el estatuto jurídico de los animales, cómo se da la protección de las especies no humanas en el derecho comparado y en el derecho uruguayo, y cuáles son los desafíos pendientes en la materia y las cuestiones a mejorar que requieren atención por parte de las autoridades competentes.É possível afirmar que os animais têm dignidade? É possível falar de direitos de espécies não humanas? Que eco esta teoria está tendo no Uruguai e no mundo? Que implicações jurídicas poderiam ter o reconhecimento de teorias deste tipo? Este trabalho de investigação visa responder a essas questões a fim de reivindicar o conceito de direitos humanos que só podem ser atribuídos a indivíduos da espécie humana, mas não por isso em contradição à necessidade de proporcionar proteção a outras espécies. Em este artigo se estuda o estatuto jurídico dos animais, como a proteção das espécies não humanas é dada no direito comparado e no direito uruguaio, e quais são os desafios pendentes na matéria e as questões a melhorar que requerem atenção das autoridades competentes

Classical Loop Actions of Gauge Theories

Since the first attempts to quantize Gauge Theories and Gravity in the loop representation, the problem of the determination of the corresponding classical actions has been raised. Here we propose a general procedure to determine these actions and we explicitly apply it in the case of electromagnetism. Going to the lattice we show that the electromagnetic action in terms of loops is equivalent to the Wilson action, allowing to do Montecarlo calculations in a gauge invariant way. In the continuum these actions need to be regularized and they are the natural candidates to describe the theory in a ``confining phase''.Comment: LaTeX 14 page

Knot Invariants for Intersecting Loops

We generalize the braid algebra to the case of loops with intersections. We introduce the Reidemeister moves for 4 and 6-valent vertices to have a theory of rigid vertex equivalence. By considering representations of the extended braid algebra, we derive skein relations for link polynomials, which allow us to generalize any link Polynomial to the intersecting case. We perturbatively show that the HOMFLY Polynomials for intersecting links correspond to the vacuum expectation value of the Wilson line operator of the Chern Simon's Theory. We make contact with quantum gravity by showing that these polynomials are simply related with some solutions of the complete set of constraints with cosmological constantComment: 22 page

The Lagrangian Loop Representation of Lattice U(1) Gauge Theory

It is showed how the Hamiltonian lattice $loop$ $representation$ can be cast straightforwardly in the Lagrangian formalism. The procedure is general and here we present the simplest case: pure compact QED. This connection has been shaded by the non canonical character of the algebra of the fundamental loop operators. The loops represent tubes of electric flux and can be considered the dual objects to the Nielsen-Olesen strings supported by the Higgs broken phase. The lattice loop classical action corresponding to the Villain form is proportional to the quadratic area of the loop world sheets and thus it is similar to the Nambu string action. This loop action is used in a Monte Carlo simulation and its appealing features are discussed.Comment: 13 pp, UAB-FT-341/9

Canonical formulation of N = 2 supergravity in terms of the Ashtekar variable

We reconstruct the Ashtekar's canonical formulation of N = 2 supergravity (SUGRA) starting from the N = 2 chiral Lagrangian derived by closely following the method employed in the usual SUGRA. In order to get the full graded algebra of the Gauss, U(1) gauge and right-handed supersymmetry (SUSY) constraints, we extend the internal, global O(2) invariance to local one by introducing a cosmological constant to the chiral Lagrangian. The resultant Lagrangian does not contain any auxiliary fields in contrast with the 2-form SUGRA and the SUSY transformation parameters are not constrained at all. We derive the canonical formulation of the N = 2 theory in such a manner as the relation with the usual SUGRA be explicit at least in classical level, and show that the algebra of the Gauss, U(1) gauge and right-handed SUSY constraints form the graded algebra, G^2SU(2)(Osp(2,2)). Furthermore, we introduce the graded variables associated with the G^2SU(2)(Osp(2,2)) algebra and we rewrite the canonical constraints in a simple form in terms of these variables. We quantize the theory in the graded-connection representation and discuss the solutions of quantum constraints.Comment: 19 pages, Latex, corrected some typos and added a referenc

Towards a loop representation for quantum canonical supergravity

We study several aspects of the canonical quantization of supergravity in terms of the Asthekar variables. We cast the theory in terms of a $GSU(2)$ connection and we introduce a loop representation. The solution space is similar to the loop representation of ordinary gravity, the main difference being the form of the Mandelstam identities. Physical states are in general given by knot invariants that are compatible with the $GSU(2)$ Mandelstam identities. There is an explicit solution to all the quantum constraint equations connected with the Chern-Simons form, which coincides exactly with the Dubrovnik version of the Kauffman Polynomial. This provides for the first time the possibility of finding explicit analytic expressions for the coefficients of that knot polynomial.Comment: 12 pages Revtex, figures with epsf. An important revision was made of section four. We were able to identify the exact quantum state of all the constraints of supergravity as the Dubrovnik version of the Kauffman polynomial. This provides the first known link of that polynomial to quantum field theor