Diseño de pavimento rígido para la urbanización Caballero y Góngora, municipio de Honda - Tolima

Trabajo de investigaciónEl diseño de las estructuras de los pavimentos (Rígidos, flexibles, articulados) es un tema de estudio e investigación, como consecuencia de los diversos resultados obtenidos en la construcción y, particularmente en la construcción de estructuras para una vía vehicular. Este trabajo realiza una evaluación de los diferentes métodos empleados para el diseños de estructuras de pavimentos según criterios de parámetros empíricos semi - empíricos y racionales para establecer las distintas alternativas que se tienen en esta área. Esto con el fin de confrontar y comparar los conceptos técnicos académicos y parámetros empleados para los diferentes tipos de diseño, determinando las diferencias en que ellos se derivan y que al ser aplicados puedan o no desarrollar resultados objetables e inadecuado con respecto a los comportamientos de la situación real de la estructura En forma adicional este trabajo se realiza para saber las condiciones actuales de la zona que va ser intervenida y recolectar información de las característica y propiedades que el suelo está presentando para procederá a identificar qué tipo de diseño implementar para dicho proyecto.EspecializaciónFacultad de Ingenierí

Anatomical variations of the equine popliteal tendon

The function of the popliteal muscle and tendon in horses remains undescribed. In humans, it is considered a stabilizer of the posterior-lateral region of the knee; its function is closely related to that of the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) and meniscus. The popliteal tendon (PopT) constitutes the main proximal attachment of the popliteus muscle to the femur, and in humans, insertional variations have been described. Knowledge of anatomical variations is needed for the correct interpretation of diagnostic images and arthroscopic findings. To elucidate further the anatomy of the equine PopT, both hind limbs of 30 horses were dissected. Similar to humans, the equine PopT has 3 variants (types I, II, and III) depending on the number of components forming the tendon. Additionally, the area of insertion varies; the location can be either cranial, underneath, or caudal to the proximal insertion of the LCL. Furthermore, the PopT has a constant attachment to the lateral meniscus. The results of the present study are useful for clinicians working with equine orthopedics, as the tendon and insertional variants could affect the interpretation of diagnostic images and arthroscopic examinations

Assessment of animal welfare in sport horses in the equestrian discipline of endurance by adapting the AWIN protocol

Oral session 1[EN] The World Health Organisation (WHO) considers an animal to be in a satisfactory state of welfare when it is healthy, comfortable and well nourished, can express its innate behaviour and is not in pain, fear or stress

Shell tools and productive strategies of hunter-gatherer groups: Some reflections from a use-wear analysis at the Balma del Gai site (Barcelona, Spain)

Balma del Gai site is a small rock shelter situated in the municipality of Moià (Barcelona, Spain) at an altitude of 760 m above sea level and 50 km from the current coastline. The levels of occupation in this context are dated between 13,442 cal BP and 9,552 cal BP, being related to the so-denominated "Epimagdalenian" and "Microlaminar Sauveterroid" complexes. The excavations have provided important mollusc samples, both terrestrial and marine, which have been studied and considered alimentary and adornment resources. In this article, we present the results of the use-wear analyses of the shell tools of Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819 and Glycymeris glycymeris (Linnaeus, 1758). The results of these analyses and their comparison with analytical experimentation demonstrate that some of these shells were used as tools for developing diverse productive activities related to the processing of materials of animal, mineral and vegetal origin. In this way, this research contributes to: 1) broaden the technological spectrum registered in this context and in a wider sense for Epipalaeolithic hunter-gatherers (beyond the traditional technological elements), 2) demonstrate a diversified use of the shells as adornments, food and tools in the site; an aspect of great interest especially bearing in mind the distance from the coast

Lipomas intraóseos de calcáneo

Se presentan dos casos de lipoma intraóseo localizados en el calcáneo, uno tratado mediante curetaje e injerto óseo y otro controlado clínicamente. Se trata de un tumor óseo benigno poco frecuente. El lipoma puede presentarse de diferentes formas según el grado evolutivo, lo que hace que sean diagnosticadas con dificultad al se confundidos con otras lesiones como quistes o infartos óseos. Generalmente son lesiones asintomáticas. El tratamiento recomendado es el curetaje del tumor y relleno con injerto óseo.This paper reports two cases of intraosseus lipoma located in the calcaneous. This is a rare primitive benign tumour. The lipoma may present with varying forms due to its stage of evolution, for this reason it has bee rarely diagnosed. This tumour is confused with other lesions such as cysts or bone infarctions. Usually, these lipomas are asymptomatic. The recommended treatment is curettage with bone grafting

Local hydrological conditions and spatial connectivity shape invertebrate communities after rewetting in temporary rivers

Temporary rivers (TRs) dominate global river networks and are increasing in occurrence and spatiotemporal extent. However, few studies have investigated the communities that establish after rewetting events (i.e. the end of the dry phase), when local hydrological conditions can shape the communities through species sorting, and the spatial connectivity of sites can also influence colonisation. Here, we analysed the relative importance of both local hydrological conditions and spatial connectivity on the invertebrate communities of seven not impacted Mediterranean TRs after rewetting. We quantified the frequency and duration of drying events and the time since flow resumed. We also quantified spatial connectivity based on each site's position in the river network (i.e. network connectivity) and the presence of nearby disconnected streams. Overall, we found that both hydrological conditions and network connectivity played a significant role in structuring aquatic invertebrate communities after rewetting. Taxonomic richness, functional richness and functional redundancy decreased with the frequency and duration of drying events and increased with time since the most recent rewetting. Network connectivity showed a significant unimodal relationship with taxonomic and functional metrics. In contrast, the presence of nearby disconnected streams was negatively related to functional richness and functional dispersion. Given that flow intermittence in Mediterranean areas is expected to intensify under future global change scenarios, our results can be helpful to guide future conservation and management actions

Immigrant IBD Patients in Spain Are Younger, Have More Extraintestinal Manifestations and Use More Biologics Than Native Patients

Background: Previous studies comparing immigrant ethnic groups and native patients with IBD have yielded clinical and phenotypic differences. To date, no study has focused on the immigrant IBD population in Spain. Methods: Prospective, observational, multicenter study comparing cohorts of IBD patients from ENEIDA-registry who were born outside Spain with a cohort of native patients. Results: We included 13,524 patients (1,864 immigrant and 11,660 native). The immigrants were younger (45 ± 12 vs. 54 ± 16 years, p < 0.001), had been diagnosed younger (31 ± 12 vs. 36 ± 15 years, p < 0.001), and had a shorter disease duration (14 ± 7 vs. 18 ± 8 years, p < 0.001) than native patients. Family history of IBD (9 vs. 14%, p < 0.001) and smoking (30 vs. 40%, p < 0.001) were more frequent among native patients. The most prevalent ethnic groups among immigrants were Caucasian (41.5%), followed by Latin American (30.8%), Arab (18.3%), and Asian (6.7%). Extraintestinal manifestations, mainly musculoskeletal affections, were more frequent in immigrants (19 vs. 11%, p < 0.001). Use of biologics, mainly anti-TNF, was greater in immigrants (36 vs. 29%, p < 0.001). The risk of having extraintestinal manifestations [OR: 2.23 (1.92–2.58, p < 0.001)] and using biologics [OR: 1.13 (1.0–1.26, p = 0.042)] was independently associated with immigrant status in the multivariate analyses. Conclusions: Compared with native-born patients, first-generation-immigrant IBD patients in Spain were younger at disease onset and showed an increased risk of having extraintestinal manifestations and using biologics. Our study suggests a featured phenotype of immigrant IBD patients in Spain, and constitutes a new landmark in the epidemiological characterization of immigrant IBD populations in Southern Europe