Are patients with mental disorders agressors or victims?

Treball Final de Grau en Psicologia. Codi: PS1048. Curs: 2020/2021Stigma is a condition that imposes barriers in the care and integration of people with mental disorders in society. Since historical times, people with mental disorders have suffered the deepest rejection by society. Progressively, their rights and conditions have improved; however, the discriminatory aspect of stigma has ceased insignificantly due to the perception of danger that is had on patients. This social perception produces a worse prognosis in the patient's disorder (greater isolation, depressive symptoms, less job opportunity ...). Therefore, the objective of the following review is to synthesize the evidence on the real index of violence exerted by patients with mental disorders; especially the psychotic spectrum. A bibliographic review was carried out using the Scopus, PubPsych, PsycINFO databases, where 6 articles were finally collected after the exclusion and inclusion processes. After reviewing the scientific literature, it can be observed that people with mental disorders are not dangerous due to their mental disorder by itself, but due to clinical and sociodemographic risk factors: marital status, age, work situation, supportive climate, abuse of substances or lack of adherence to treatment. Furthermore, apart from the fact that patients with mental disorders are non-violent (2%), they are a vulnerable group in the face of victimization and possible crimes suffered. These findings contrast with the widespread myth that many psychiatric patients are violent and dangerous, and this knowledge should be used in policies and campaigns to overcome the stigma associated with mental illness.El estigma es una condición que impone barreras en el cuidado e integración de las personas con trastorno mental en la sociedad. Desde tiempos históricos, las personas con trastorno mental han sufrido el rechazo más profundo por parte de la sociedad. De manera progresiva, sus derechos y condiciones han mejorado; sin embargo, el aspecto discriminatorio del estigma ha cesado insignificativamente debido a la percepción de peligrosidad que se tiene sobre los pacientes. Esta percepción social produce un peor pronóstico en el trastorno del paciente (mayor aislamiento, síntomas depresivos, menor oportunidad laboral...). Por tanto, el objetivo de la siguiente revisión es sintetizar la evidencia sobre el índice real de violencia ejercida por pacientes con trastorno mental; especialmente el espectro psicótico. Se llevó a cabo una revisión bibliográfica mediante las bases de datos Scopus, PubPsych, PsycINFO, dónde finalmente se recogieron 6 artículos tras los procesos de exclusión e inclusión. Tras revisar la literatura científica, se puede observar que las personas con trastorno mental no son peligrosas debido a su trastorno mental per se, sino debido a factores clínicos y sociodemográficos de riesgo: estado civil, edad, situación laboral, clima de apoyo, abuso de sustancias o falta de adherencia a tratamiento. Además, aparte de que los pacientes con trastorno mental son no violentos (2%), son un grupo vulnerable en relación a la victimización y posibles delitos sufridos. Estos hallazgos contrastan con el mito generalizado de que muchos pacientes psiquiátricos son violentos y peligrosos, y este conocimiento debe utilizarse en políticas y campañas para superar el estigma asociado con enfermedades mentales

Impact of the mobility alteration on air pollution over different cities: A vision for citizen awareness

[EN] Every year the concern from environmental pollution increases as it affects human health. In the current paper, it is analyzed the evolution of the air quality in different cities on international level related to the reduction in mobility trend due to the emergence of the pandemic. The air pollution is studied in order to achieve healthier cities in the future and create an awareness for the citizens. The COVID-19 pandemic situation was declared during the first months of 2020 and has shown (indirectly) the effects that restrictions on human activity and road traffic have on atmospheric pollutant values. This pandemic condition derived, in most cases, in mobility restrictions in order to decrease the spread of the virus through the density of population in different places and, as a result of these restrictions, pollutant presence decreased equally. This article analyzes some of the largest cities around the world, such as Tsuen Wan district in Hong Kong (China), Los Angeles (USA), London (UK), Sao Paulo (Brazil), Bangalore (India), Johannesburg (South Africa), and Sydney (Australia) in order to check the different mobility restriction policies established in each location, and how those restrictions led to decrease the levels of some pollutant particles such as NO2 in the atmosphere. This should serve as a focus of awareness of the city and political interests of how it affects human activity, and those measures should be taken to reduce pollutants.The authors are grateful for the support of the Institute of Materials Technology of the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (Spain)Cárcel-Carrasco, J.; Martínez-Corral, A.; Aparicio Fernandez, CS.; Kaur, J. (2022). Impact of the mobility alteration on air pollution over different cities: A vision for citizen awareness. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 29(53):81048-81062. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21326-38104881062295

Influence of geographic location in concrete structures

Es muy importante considerar la localización geográfica de un edificio a la hora de realizar su chequeo estructural. Para ello, en este estudio se ha utilizado la conocida técnica de chequeo estructural basada en la correlación de resultados entre la velocidad de ultrasonidos (V) y la resistencia a compresión (R), obtenidas de las probetas testigo extraídas en elementos estructurales de hormigón armado. Para analizar la influencia de la localización geográfica de la estructura, se ha realizado el presente trabajo clasificando los edificios estudiados en función de su distancia a la costa y atendiendo las indicaciones de la instrucción EHE, es decir, utilizando una distancia de referencia de 500 m que permita ordenar los casos estudiados en función de dicha distancia. Como conclusión se puede afirmar que las estructuras más cercanas a las costas marinas están más influenciadas por el medio ambiente, lo que influye en gran manera en la calidad del hormigón de sus estructuras. Esta situación queda demostrada con el resultado de la investigación llevada a cabo, en el que se han analizado 185 casos reales. Para los más cercanos, se justifica estadísticamente la necesidad de su reparación-refuerzo en función de los resultados que arroje este chequeo y los resultados de correlación velocidad ultrasonidos-compresión en probetas testigo.It is very important to consider the geographic location of a building when performing structural check. Therefore, in this study we have used a technique called structural check based on the correlation of results between the ultrasound velocity (V) and compressive strength (R) obtained from the control samples taken in structural reinforced concrete elements. To analyze the influence of the geographic location of the structure, has made this work classifying the buildings studied in terms of their distance from the coast and following the instructions on the EHE instruction, ie, using a reference distance of 500 m order to allow the case studies based on this distance. In conclusion we can say that the closest structures to the shoreline are more influenced by the environment, which greatly influences the quality of concrete structures. This is demonstrated by the result of the research conducted, which used 185 real cases. To the nearest, is statistically justified the need for repair-reinforcement based on the results produced this check and the results of ultrasound-speed compression control specimens correlation

Analysis for the Heritage Consideration of Historic Spanish Railway Stations (1848¿1929)

[EN] This article presents the study carried out on the main Spanish historic railway stations to obtain a joint and comparative view of the current state of its heritage conservation. The temporal scope is limited to the construction period of the Spanish historic stations. A motivated selection of a series of extrinsic and intrinsic variables is proposed, checking heritage variables to evaluate the degree of adequate heritage protection. The conclusions of the study show the antithesis between what is to be protected (the railway station) and what is really saved (the passenger building), making it necessary to change the legal protection status from monuments to landscapes. Thus, various interventions can be observed on the disaffected land with no heritage connection. The material and technological valorisation of unique components such as the large platform and track roofs is ignored. It is also observed that the maintenance of railway use is essential and that global interventions lead to a more significant loss of significance than those carried out for maintenance purposes. This leads to the conclusion that preventive conservation is more effective in protecting this heritage than global interventions.This work was carried out at the Universitat Politècnica de València in the framework of CONDEREFF project (Ref. PGI05560-CONDEREFF). This work has been carried out within the framework of the PREDILAB research group, as part of the research carried out at the University of Castilla La Mancha and entitled Methodology and systems for improving maintenance and energy efficiency in the rehabilitation and reuse of industrial heritage. Phase 2.Martínez-Corral, A.; Cárcel-Carrasco, J.; Carnero, MC.; Aparicio Fernandez, CS. (2022). Analysis for the Heritage Consideration of Historic Spanish Railway Stations (1848¿1929). Buildings. 12(2):1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings1202020611712

Routing Topologies of Wireless Sensor Networks for Health Monitoring of a Cultural Heritage Site

This paper provides a performance evaluation of tree and mesh routing topologies of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in a cultural heritage site. The historical site selected was San Juan Bautista church in Talamanca de Jarama (Madrid, Spain). We report the preliminary analysis required to study the effects of heating in this historical location using WSNs to monitor the temperature and humidity conditions during periods of weeks. To test which routing topology was better for this kind of application, the WSNs were first deployed on the upper floor of the CAEND institute in Arganda del Rey simulating the church deployment, but in the former scenario there was no direct line of sight between the WSN elements. Two parameters were selected to evaluate the performance of the routing topologies of WSNs: the percentage of received messages and the lifetime of the wireless sensor network. To analyze in more detail which topology gave the best performance, other communication parameters were also measured. The tree topology used was the collection tree protocol and the mesh topology was the XMESH provided by MEMSIC (Andover, MA, USA). For the scenarios presented in this paper, it can be concluded that the tree topology lost fewer messages than the mesh topology.The Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness supported this research under grant numbers BIA2009-14395-C04-01 and TEC2012-38402-C04-03. The present study was also funded under project CGL2010-19554. S. Aparicio benefited from funding provided by the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) through its Post-graduate Studies Council’s post-doctoral specialisation programme (JAE-Doc). Researcher Martínez-Garrido’s was supported by an International Programme for Recruiting Talent (PICATA) predoctoral fellowship awarded by the Moncloa Campus of International Excellence (UPM-UCM, CSIC). J. Ranz benefited from a FPI grant BES-2010-038826 of the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports. We acknowledge support by the CSIC Open Access Publication Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI

Flora de interés en bosques-isla de Andalucía Occidental

Floristic reports in fragmented forests (island-forests) in western AndalusiaPalabras clave. Paisaje fragmentado, corología, flora, campiña, Andalucía Occidental, España.Key words. Fragmented landscape, chorology, flora, country side, Western Andalusia, Spai

Lipoma parostal de fémur: Aportación de un caso

Describimos un caso de lipoma parostal de fémur, un tumor benigno poco frecuente formado por tejido adiposo maduro en relación con el periostio. Nuestro objetivo es documentar el caso, comentando los hallazgos radiológicos, histológicos y el tratamiento y realizar una revisión bibliográfica.We describe a case of parosteal lipoma of the femur. It is an infrequent benign neoplasm composed of mature fat, intermately connected with the periosteum. Our aim is to document the case, and comment the radiological, histological findings, and treatment, and review the literature

Las matemáticas empresariales en el marco de cualificaciones del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (QF-EHEA)

Haremos comparaciones entre las metodologías docentes de las asignaturas de Matemáticas Empresariales impartidas en las principales universidades europeas, proponiendo medidas para la mejora de la calidad de estas asignaturas en nuestra universidad

Modelos para el cálculo de consumo y emisiones gaseosas de la flota de autobuses de Madrid

En este trabajo se presentan algunos resultados del estudio experimental de cálculo de emisiones emanadas en condiciones concretas de la explotación del servicio de la flota de vehículos del transporte público de pasajeros de la ciudad de Madrid, realizado en el marco de cooperación entre grupos de investigación del Instituto Universitario de Investigación del Automóvil (INSIA) de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid y del Instituto de Desarrollo Industrial (IIDISA) de la Universidad Nacional de Salta. La experiencia consistió en la adquisición de datos de emisiones de contaminantes y consumo de combustible mediante un equipo de medida de emisiones a bordo en un vehículo de prueba en condiciones reales de explotación, en los que se tomaron además, datos de variables cinemáticas en distintas líneas y recorridos representativos de las que conforman el servicio de la Empresa Municipal de Transportes de Madrid. Con los datos adquiridos se han ajustado modelos para la estimación de emisiones contaminantes y consumo en un escenario de 30 ciclos, con el objetivo de obtener valores por unidad (30 ciclos) que pueden ser utilizados como valores de referencia. Por razones de extensión, en este estudio se presentan los resultados del modelo estadístico para el cálculo del consumo y las emisiones totales de CO2 ajustado en función de variables cinemáticas como la velocidad media del autobús y el tiempo, en una de las líneas de servicio más largas de la ciudad: la línea Circular Uno (C1). Las expresiones obtenidas permiten estimar el consumo de combustibles y emisiones de CO2 con valores del coeficiente de correlación superior al 70%. A su vez, es posible realizar un análisis de la gestión de la flota de transporte inspirada en la comparación de los ciclos de operación de las líneas y la evaluación de los impactos producidos por la sustitución de vehículos y combustible