Um panorama de pesquisas sobre a Prática como Componente Curricular na Licenciatura em Matemática

The aim of this study is to present an overview concerning research on Practice as a Curricular Component throughout Licenciate Degrees in Mathematics. This study is a bibliographic review of the doctoral thesis that the first author is currently developing in the Postgraduate Mathematical Education Studies Program, at PUC-SP. A bibliographic survey was carried out by searching the CAPES journal database, by conducting an analysis of Pereira and Nogueira's research, and also by searching a mapping reported by Fiorentini et al. The data were analyzed in light of the Content Analysis methodology, according to Bardin. The results demonstrate the importance of investigating Licenciate Degrees in Mathematics, how much Practice as a Curricular Component allows for diverse interpretations by the actors involved in teacher training, as well as indicating the challenges and weaknesses to be overcome in relation to Practice as a Curricular Component. In addition, initial teacher training requires special attention, since it is perceived that teaching training alone does not account for the knowledge building required for future teachers, and that Practice as a Curricular Component, if properly understood, is an aspect that can significantly contribute to improvements in teacher training.El objetivo de este artículo es presentar una visión general de investigaciones sobre la Práctica como Componente Curricular en la Licenciatura en Matematicas. Este trabajo es un recorte de la revisión bibliográfica de la tesis de doctorado que el primer autor está desarrollando en el Programa de Estudios Post-Graduados en Educación Matemática de PUC-SP. Realizamos un levantamiento bibliográfico en el portal de revistas CAPES, un análisis de la investigación de Pereira y Nogueira y aún, tomamos como base, un mapeo presentado por Fiorentini y colaboradores. Analizamos los datos a la luz de la metodología del Análisis de Contenido, según Bardin. Los resultados evidencian cuán importante es investigar la Licenciatura en Matemáticas, cuanto la Práctica como Componente Curricular es posible de interpretaciones diversas por parte de los actores involucrados en la formación docente e indican también desafíos y fragilidades a ser superados en relación a la Práctica como Componente Curricular. Y, además, que la formación inicial de profesores requiere una atención especial, pues se percibe que por sí sola no da cuenta de construir los conocimientos necesarios a los futuros docentes y que la práctica como componente curricular, si adecuadamente comprendida, es un aspecto que puede contribuir a la mejora de la formación inicial de los profesores.O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar um panorama de pesquisas sobre a Prática como Componente Curricular na Licenciatura em Matemática. Este trabalho é um recorte da revisão bibliográfica da tese de doutorado que o primeiro autor está desenvolvendo no Programa de Estudos Pós-Graduados em Educação Matemática da PUC-SP. Realizamos um levantamento bibliográfico no portal de periódicos CAPES, uma análise da investigação de Pereira e Nogueira e ainda, tomamos como base, um mapeamento apresentado por Fiorentini e colaboradores. Analisamos os dados à luz da metodologia da Análise de Conteúdo, segundo Bardin. Os resultados evidenciam o quão é importante investigar a Licenciatura em Matemática, o quanto a Prática como Componente Curricular é possível de interpretações diversas por parte dos atores envolvidos na formação docente e indicam também desafios e fragilidades a serem superados em relação a Prática como Componente Curricular. E ainda, que a formação inicial de professores requer uma atenção especial, pois se percebe que sozinha ela não dá conta de construir os conhecimentos necessários aos futuros docentes e que a Prática como Componente Curricular, se adequadamente compreendida, é um aspecto que pode contribuir para a melhoria da formação inicial de professores

Renal Fornix Rupture Due To Acute Ureteral Obstruction

Background: Renal fornix rupture with fluid extravasation is a rare complication in cases of ureteral obstruction, which is usually caused by obstructive ureterolithiasis. The symptoms of renal fornix rupture are not very specific and can easily go unnoticed due to their underlying cause. Case representation: The present article reports a case of a patient of a 70-year-old, male, who was diagnosed with a ruptured renal fornix due to acute ureteral obstruction, following clinical assessment and a non-contrast CT scan. The proposed course of action was the endoscopic placement of a double J ureteral catheter. Conclusion: In the case described, the conservative treatment that was chosen by passing a double J catheter through the left ureter, for the patient proved to be an alternative to surgical treatment in the acute event, reducing the risk of possible complications from the operation. It was possible to conclude that although renal fornix rupture is a rare emergency with multiple etiologies, conservative treatment with urinary diversion using a double J ureteral stent was effective in solving the patient\u27s acute condition

Open radical prostatectomy and laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: perioperative comparison of the procedures

Radical prostatectomy is seen as one of the main methods for the treatment of prostate cancer and has been performed for more than 150 years, being considered the gold standard for the treatment of localized disease. In recent years, laparoscopic and robot-assisted access has received notoriety, with oncological results similar to the open technique associated with the benefits of the minimally invasive approach. Aim: To compare complications and perioperative complications in patients undergoing radical open prostatectomy with the laparoscopic approach. Method: This is a retrospective data analysis performed by reviewing the electronic medical records of patients diagnosed with localized prostate cancer at the Regional Hospital of Vale do Paraíba, SP, Brazil (HRVP). Data were collected regarding the procedures performed from January 2014 to December 2018, totaling 35 patients undergoing Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy and 35 patients undergoing Open Radical Prostatectomy. Intra and perioperative data were analyzed, specifically the surgical time, blood transfusion rate, type and time of drainage of the surgical site, and length of hospital stay. The data were subsequently analyzed, and the results of both techniques were compared. Results: When comparing the averages of operative times, we obtained a variation rate of 26.2%. The calculated p-value was 0.00002, demonstrating that the operative time in the open group was significantly shorter. When comparing the mean time taken to remove the drain, we observed a variation rate of 37.8%. The calculated p-value was 0.00004, this time being statistically shorter in the laparoscopy group. The other variables evaluated did not show statistical significance between the groups. Conclusion: The main advantage of an open group is that the procedure can be performed in less time. The main advantage of the laparoscopic group was the possibility of removing the drain before patients were operated on by PRA

Ureteral duplicity in a female patient with renal calculus in left UVJ, a case report.

Abstract: The ureters are tubular, bilateral, unique structures for each kidney, responsible for draining the urine collected in the renal pelvis to the bladder, so that it can later be eliminated. Ureteral duplication can be described as an abnormal urologic entity, with a frequency reported in 0.3 to 3% of the population. This anomaly is caused by the formation of double ureteral buds, which, in turn, form into separate structures and develop and form their own individual pelvic systems. A duplicated ureter is a result of early division of the ureteral bud into two or more completely or incomplete forms. Its diagnosis, for the most part, occurs incidentally, usually through imaging tests or even during surgery. The objective of this study is to report a case of incomplete ureteral duplication and to highlight the type of treatment performed in the face of obstruction due to lithiasis

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Consistent patterns of common species across tropical tree communities

Trees structure the Earth’s most biodiverse ecosystem, tropical forests. The vast number of tree species presents a formidable challenge to understanding these forests, including their response to environmental change, as very little is known about most tropical tree species. A focus on the common species may circumvent this challenge. Here we investigate abundance patterns of common tree species using inventory data on 1,003,805 trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm across 1,568 locations1,2,3,4,5,6 in closed-canopy, structurally intact old-growth tropical forests in Africa, Amazonia and Southeast Asia. We estimate that 2.2%, 2.2% and 2.3% of species comprise 50% of the tropical trees in these regions, respectively. Extrapolating across all closed-canopy tropical forests, we estimate that just 1,053 species comprise half of Earth’s 800 billion tropical trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm. Despite differing biogeographic, climatic and anthropogenic histories7, we find notably consistent patterns of common species and species abundance distributions across the continents. This suggests that fundamental mechanisms of tree community assembly may apply to all tropical forests. Resampling analyses show that the most common species are likely to belong to a manageable list of known species, enabling targeted efforts to understand their ecology. Although they do not detract from the importance of rare species, our results open new opportunities to understand the world’s most diverse forests, including modelling their response to environmental change, by focusing on the common species that constitute the majority of their trees.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost