Valutazione del curriculum universitario "Psicologia psicoterapeutica" 2004-2014

Die Universitätslehrgänge „Psychotherapeutische Psychologie“ 01-04, die vom Department für Psychotherapie und Biopsychosoziale Gesundheit in Kooperation mit der Schweizer Charta für Psychotherapie durchgeführt wurden, sind nach der aktuellen Verordnung der Donau-Universität Krems im Rahmen eines begleitenden Evaluationsforschungsprojektes evaluiert worden. Erwartungen und Erfahrungen in Hinblick auf das Lehrangebot konnten erfasst werden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen insgesamt eine sehr positive Bewertung der Weiterbildung, sowohl die Inhalte als auch deren Vermittlung betreffend. Die Förderung der professionellen Kompetenz der Studierenden im Rahmen des Weiterbildungsprozesses ist somit sehr gut gelungen.Schlüsselwörter: Psychotherapeutische Psychologie, Schweizer Charta für Psychotherapie, WeiterbildungsevaluationThe university courses Psychotherapeutic Psychology 01-04, conducted by the Department for Psychotherapy and Biopsychosocial Health in cooperation with the Swiss Charta for Psychotherapy, have been evaluated in the context of an accompanying evaluation research project according to the current regulation of the Danube University Krems. Expectations and experiences in regard to the curriculum could be detected. The overall results show a very positive assessment of the training, concerning both the content as well as their placement. The promotion of the professional competence of the students proceeded very well in the context of the training process.Keywords: Psychotherapeutic Psychology, Swiss Charta for Psychotherapy, training evaluationLa formation universitaire «Psychologie psychothérapeutique» proposée par l’Université du Danube de Krems s’est accompagnée d’une évaluation dans le cadre d’un projet de recherche. L’enseignement dispensé par cette formation située dans le département de psychothérapie et de santé biopsychosociale, portait sur les concepts et les théories de psychothérapie les plus courants ainsi que sur quatre grandes matières dans le domaine de la psychologie et les domaines voisins (théorie de la psychologie psychothérapeutique, connaissances médicales, connaissances de base en théorie des tests et en recherche ainsi que dans d’autres disciplines). L’évaluation s’est déroulée en deux phases d’enquête, avant le début et après la clôture de la formation continue universitaire, et elle a inclus les étudiants de la formation universitaire «Psychologie psychothérapeutique» des années 2001–2004.Ont d’abord été saisis les raisons expliquant le choix de cette formation continue, ce qui a fait ressortir trois motifs essentiels:1) l’acquisition des bases pour une formation de psychothérapeute,2) le désir d’accroître sa compétence professionnelle et3) le désir de poursuivre sa formation personnelle.La formation continue a surpassé les attentes en ce qui concerne un accroissement significatif des aptitudes et de l’expérience personnelles, sociales et professionnelles, dans tous les domaines d’apprentissage examinés. L’enseignement de la théorie de la psychologie psychothérapeutique et l’approfondissement des connaissances médicales ont renforcé ces aptitudes et cette expérience. De plus, la personnalité, l’empathie et la qualité relationnelle ont été définies comme des éléments importants de la compétence professionnelle des psychothérapeutes. Ici aussi, l’expérience a répondu aux attentes. Dans l’ensemble, la formation continue a (fortement) renforcé la compétence professionnelle des étudiants. L’évaluation d’ensemble de la formation universitaire a été extrêmement positive; ont été relevés surtout la structure du programme sur la théorie de la psychologie psychothérapeutique et l’enseignement de connaissances médicales.La formation universitaire «Psychologie psychothérapeutique» a pu élargir le savoir professionnel et améliorer les compétences personnelles, sociales et professionnelles.I curricula universitari "Psicologia psicoterapeutica" 01-04, offerti dal Department für Psychotherapie und Biopsychosoziale Gesundheit (dipartimento per la psicoterapia e la salute biopsicosociale) in cooperazione con la Charta svizzera per la psicoterapia, sono stati valutati secondo l'attuale ordinanza della Donau Universität di Krems nell'ambito di un concomitante progetto di ricerca di valutazione. Ciò ha permesso di considerare le aspettative e le esperienze relative all'offerta di formazione. I risultati mostrano in complesso una valutazione molto positiva della formazione specialistica, sia per quanto riguarda i contenuti, sia per la loro trasmissione. La promozione della competenza professionale degli studenti nell'ambito del processo di formazione specialistica è dunque riuscito molto bene.Parole chiave: Psicologia psicoterapeutica, Charta svizzera per la psicoterapia, valutazione della formazione specialistic

La psicoterapia sulla strada verso l'accademizzazione?

Zusammenfassung: Bereits seit einigen Jahren fordert das Bundesministerium für Gesundheit in Deutschland eine Psychotherapie-Direktausbildung. Damit könnte Psychotherapie, vergleichbar mit Medizin oder Psychologie, studiert werden. In Österreich gibt es ähnliche Überlegungen. Der Artikel befasst sich mit der Frage, welche Vor- und Nachteile eine solche Akademisierung gegenüber der aktuellen Psychotherapieausbildung hätte. Sowohl für die aktuelle Psychotherapieausbildung als auch für die Akademisierung lassen sich Vor- und Nachteile anführen. Zudem muss der Begriff der Akademisierung klarifiziert werden. Welche Veränderungen auch kommen, für sie gelten die drei folgenden Anforderungen: Die Veränderungen sollten ausführlich und sachlich diskutiert werden, auf dem bisherigen Wissen aufbauen und entsprechend evaluiert sein oder werden. Schlüsselwörter: Psychotherapie, Psychotherapiewissenschaft, Psychotherapieforschung, AkademisierungSummary: For some years the German Federal Ministry of Health has been calling for psychotherapy training to be provided directly by universities. This would make it possible for psychotherapy to be studied at university, like medicine and psychology. In Austria thoughts are also following a similar trend. The article addresses the question as to the potential advantages and disadvantages of such an academisation of psychotherapy training as compared to the current training settings. Both the current form of training and the academisation have advantages and disadvantages. The concept of academisation also needs to be clarified. Whatever changes take place, the following three requirements apply: The changes should be discussed in detail and objectively, built on the knowledge accumulated to date and be or have been appropriately evaluated. Keywords: Psychotherapy, psychotherapeutic science, psychotherapy research, academisationRiassunto: Già da alcuni anni il Ministero tedesco per la salute chiede una formazione diretta in psicoterapia. Ciò consentirebbe di studiare psicoterapia in modo simile a quanto avviene per la medicina o la psicologia. Anche in Austria sono in atto riflessioni simili. L'articolo si occupa della domanda dei vantaggi e degli svantaggi che una tale accademizzazione avrebbe rispetto all'attuale formazione in psicoterapia. Sia per l'attuale formazione psicoterapeutica che per l'accademizzazione è possibile identificare vantaggi e svantaggi. Va inoltre chiarito il concetto di accademizzazione. Indipendentemente dall'evoluzione che seguirà, questi cambiamenti vanno 1) discussi dettagliatamente e oggettivamente, 2) devono basarsi sulle conoscenze attuali e 3) devono essere stati valutati o venir valutati sulla base di queste nozioni. Parole chiave: psicoterapia, scienze psicoterapeutiche, ricerca psicoterapeutica, accademizzazion

Identification of temporary livestock enclosures in Kenya from multi-temporal PlanetScope imagery

The use of night-time livestock enclosures, often referred to as “bomas”, “corrals”, or “kraals”, is a common practice across African rangelands. Bomas protect livestock from predation by wildlife and potential theft. Due to the concentration of animal faeces inside bomas, they not only become nutrient-rich patches that can add to biodiversity, but also hotspots for the emission of nitrous oxide (N$_{2}$O), an important greenhouse gas, especially when animals are kept inside for long periods. To provide an accurate estimate of such emissions for wider landscapes, bomas need to be accounted for. Moreover, initial experiments indicated that more frequent shifts in the boma locations could help to reduce N$_{2}$O emissions. This stresses the need for better understanding where bomas are located, their numbers, as well as when they are actively used. Given the recent advances in satellite technology, resulting in high-frequent spectral measurements at fine spatial resolution, solutions to address these needs are now within reach. This study is a first effort to map and monitor the appearance of bomas with the use of satellite image time series. Our main dataset was a dense times series of 3 m resolution PlanetScope multispectral imagery. In addition, a reference dataset of boma and non-boma locations was created using GPS-collar tracking data and 0.5 m resolution Pléiades imagery. The reduction of vegetation cover and increase of organic material following boma installation result in typical spectral changes when contrasted against its surroundings. Based on these spectral changes we devised an empirical approach to infer approximate boma installation dates from PlanetScope\u27s near infrared (NIR) band and used our reference dataset for setting optimal parameter values. A NIR spatial difference index resulted in clear temporal patterns, which were more apparent during the wet season. At landscape scale our approach reveals clear spatio-temporal patterns of boma installation, which could not be revealed from less frequent sub-meter resolution imagery alone. While further improvements are possible, we show that small-sized (150–500 m$^{2}$) temporary surface changes, such as those that occur when pastoralists use mobile bomas, can be detected with dense image time series like those offered by the PlanetScope constellation. In future, this could lead to better assessment of a) spatio-temporal livestock distribution, b) the contribution of bomas to N$_{2}$O emissions and soil fertility at landscape scale, and c) the uptake of enclosure rotation practices at large spatial scales

Internet Interventions / Exploring blended group interventions for depression : randomised controlled feasibility study of a blended computer- and multimedia-supported psychoeducational group intervention for adults with depressive symptoms

Background: Blended interventions aim to capitalise on the strengths of both computer-based and face-to-face therapy. Studies on this innovative treatment format remain scare. This especially accounts for the group treatment of depression. Method: The present study applied eclectic psychotherapy methods to an adult sample exhibiting a variety of depressive symptoms (N = 46). Participants were recruited by a newspaper inlet and randomised either to a treatment or a waiting list condition. Computer supported components were multimedia group sessions, e-learning, online videos and worksheets, remote therapist-patient communication and online pre-post-assessment. Results: Large between-group effect sizes on primary outcome depressiveness (CES-D) (F (1,44) = 4.88, p = 0.032; d = 0.87) and secondary outcome personal resources (resource scales) (F (1,44) = 9.04, p = 0.004; d = 0.73 to F (1,44) = 8.82 p = 0.005, d = 1.15) were found in the intention to treat analysis (ANOVA). Subjective evaluation of the intervention revealed high treatment adherence (91%) and high perceived relevance of supportive computer and multimedia components. Participants rated computer and multimedia components comparable to treatment elements such as group interaction or specific cognitive behavioural exercises, and 25% associated the utilisation of those components with treatment success. Depressiveness and age did not predict the utilisation and the appraisal of computer and multimedia components. Discussion: Results provide preliminary support for the acceptability and feasibility of the investigated blended treatment in a group with non-specific depressive symptoms. However, small sample size and lack of diagnostics restrict generalizability. Additional research in clinical settings is needed.(VLID)216526

Patients' perceptions of risky developments during psychotherapy

Research on risks and unwanted effects is largely missing in psychotherapy. Using exploratory factor analysis six dimensions of personal therapy situation were identified in a preliminary study, three of them were associated with risky developments during the psychotherapeutic process: (1) (poor) quality of therapeutic relationship, (2) burden caused by psychotherapy, and (3) dependency/isolation. Based on the finding of this study an online survey was performed to examine these three dimensions. Aside from these three factors another variable was associated with risky therapy developments: the online questionnaire also asked for premature terminations of psychotherapy as a consequence of risky conditions for the therapeutic development. Risky conditions were found to be associated with the following variables: (1) the combination of female patient–male therapist, (2) the therapeutic orientation (particularly with the psychodynamic approaches) and (3) the duration of therapy. Fewer humanistic and systemic psychotherapies were found among the high risk-prone group of patients who were at risk in at least three of the four variables which were associated with risky developments. Differences in the findings of the study regarding the four therapeutic orientations stress the importance of an extensive differential indication and a cooperative partnership between patient and therapist, in order to facilitate a positive patient participation towards the choice of therapy method and subsequent successful participation throughout the course of treatment. Further studies should also focus on female patient and male therapist psychotherapies

Stardust in STARDUST - the C, N, and O Isotopic Compositions of Wild 2 Cometary Matter in Al foil Impacts

In January 2006, the STARDUST mission successfully returned dust samples from the tail of comet 81P/Wild 2 in two principal collection media, low density silica aerogel and Al foil. While hypervelocity impacts at 6.1 km/s, the encounter velocity of STARDUST, into Al foils are generally highly disruptive for natural, silicate-dominated impactors, previous studies have shown that many craters retain sufficient residue to allow a determination of the elemental and isotopic compositions of the original projectile. We have used the NanoSIMS to perform C, N, and O isotope imaging measurements on four large (59-370 microns diameter) and on 47 small (0.32-1.9 microns diameter) Al foil impact craters as part of the STARDUST Preliminary Examination. Most analyzed residues in and around these craters are isotopically normal (solar) in their C, N, and O isotopic compositions. However, the debris in one large crater shows an average 15N enrichment of approx. 450 %, which is similar to the bulk composition of some isotopically primitive interplanetary dust particles. A 250 nm grain in another large crater has an O-17 enrichment with approx. 2.65 times the solar O-17/O-16 ratio. Such an O isotopic composition is typical for circumstellar oxide or silicate grains from red giant or asymptotic giant branch stars. The discovery of this circumstellar grain clearly establishes that there is authentic stardust in the cometary samples returned by the STARDUST mission. However, the low apparent abundance of circumstellar grains in Wild 2 samples and the preponderance of isotopically normal material indicates that the cometary matter is a diverse assemblage of presolar and solar system materials

“Dogged” Search of Fresh Nakhla Surfaces Reveals New Alteration Textures

Special Issue: 74th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical Society, August 8-12, 2011, London, U.K.International audienceCarbonaceous chondrites are considered as amongst the most primitive Solar System samples available. One of their primitive characteristics is their enrichment in volatile elements.This includes hydrogen, which is present in hydrated and hydroxylated minerals. More precisely, the mineralogy is expected to be dominated by phyllosilicates in the case of CM chondrites, and by Montmorillonite type clays in the case of CI. Here, in order to characterize and quantify the abundance of lowtemperature minerals in carbonaceous chondrites, we performed thermogravimetric analysis of matrix fragments of Tagish Lake, Murchison and Orgueil

A radiofrequency heated reactor system for post-combustion carbon capture

Several problems with stabilization of electricity grid system are related to the time lag between the electricity supply and demand of the end users. Many power plants run for a limited period of time to compensate for increased electricity demand during peak hours. The amount of CO2 generated by these power installations can be substantially reduced via the development of new demand side management strategies utilizing CO2 absorption units with a short start-up time. The sorbent can be discharged using radiofrequency (RF) heating to fill the night-time valley in electricity demand helping in the stabilization of electricity grid. Herein a concept of RF heated fixed bed reactor has been demonstrated to remove CO2 from a flue gas using a CaCO3 sorbent. A very stable and reproducible operation has been observed over twenty absorption-desorption cycles. The application of RF heating significantly reduced the transition time required for temperature excursions between the absorption and desorption cycles. The effect of flow reversal during desorption on desorption time has been investigated. The desorption time was reduced by 1.5 times in the revered flow mode and the total duration of a single absorption-desorption cycle was reduced by 20%. A reactor model describing the reduced desorption time has been developed

Episodic Sexual Transmission of HIV Revealed by Molecular Phylodynamics

Using viral genotype data from HIV drug resistance testing at a London clinic, Andrew Leigh Brown and colleagues derive the structure of the transmission network through phylogenetic analysis