Desertificación: un problema global

Los R.RN.N., junto con la preservación del ambiente, forman parte de los grandes temas de la humanidad y se presentan ya como una variable al sistema de precios y competitividad, al igual que las ‘barreras ecológicas” como otra forma de proteccionismo. Dentro de este contexto neorganizado se conforman nuevos paradigmas tales como la conservación de la biodiversidad, el cambio climático global, la desertificación y la explotación sostenible de la naturaleza, los cuales son verdaderos ejes centrales alrededor de los cuales se dirime y estructura el nuevo orden internacional. El patrimonio de la biosfera y de las culturas es común a todos y nos concierne por igual por lo cual debe ser un pacto intergeneracional e intercultural. Es que el sentido del ecologismo está en que la población de ahora y del futuro tengan la libertad de escoger su modo de vida para no enfrentarse a un mundo perturbado y carente de recursos. El mayor reto ecológico es la igualdad entre las personas y las sociedades del planeta.Academia Nacional de Agronomía y Veterinari

Aplicando el enfoque de la creatividad escolar y la competencia científica: un ejemplo en la clase de Biología y Geología de Secundaria

El propósito de este trabajo consiste en integrar los conceptos y experiencias aprendidas en el máster a través del análisis de la creatividad escolar a través de una actividad de vídeo trabajo y a través del análisis de una clase magistral renovada desde el enfoque de la unidad didáctica competencial y creativa (de los agentes geológicos externos de la Tierra). Ambas actividades fueron aplicadas en el aula de 3º de ESO dentro del IES público Pablo Gargallo (Zaragoza). Pero primero se analiza a modo introductorio el tipo de liderazgo docente y convivencia en el aula y la interacción verbal profesor-alumno. Ambos subtemas se han elegido porque reflejan el rol del profesor, el cual es un factor ambiental y social que puede ser determinante para el desarrollo de la creatividad de los alumnos en el aula. Los objetivos generales del trabajo son intentar responder a las siguientes preguntas: ¿Cómo fomentar la creatividad escolar en las clases de Ciencias Naturales y Biología y Geología?, ¿Cómo usar la creatividad para promover un aprendizaje más ameno y eficaz en nuestros alumnos?, ¿Qué ideas nos da el informe Rocard (2007) para mejorar la enseñanza de las Ciencias de la Tierra, a través de una unidad didáctica competencial?. El desarrollo y resultados de la actividad de vídeo trabajo mostró como los estudiantes buscaron dar sentido a la ciencia y a su aprendizaje a través de sus inquietudes hacia el mundo de las rimas y la música hip-hop. A través de esta actividad conseguimos algo importante, no minusvalorar nuestro rol como profesor y estudiantes en el desarrollo de la creatividad. Los resultados de la evaluación fueron un 40% más de aprobados en la materia respecto a la segunda evaluación. Se cree que el aumento de aprobados fue debido a explicaciones más significativas para los alumnos, clases más dinámicas donde se ha mezclado la explicación PowerPoint con vídeos, ejercicios en la pizarra, realización de dibujos y vídeos. Los alumnos han tenido más oportunidades durante la clase de pensar más por si solos sobre los agentes geológicos externos de la Tierra

Regulatory mechanisms of autophagy-lysosome system on β-amyloid-induced neuronal cell death

修士論文要

Temporal segmentation and keyframe selection methods for user-generated video search-based annotation

In this paper we propose a temporal segmentation and a keyframe selection method for User-Generated Video (UGV). Since UGV is rarely structured in shots and usually user's interest are revealed through camera movements, a UGV temporal segmentation system has been proposed that generates a video partition based on a camera motion classification. Motion-related mid-level features have been suggested to feed a Hierarchical Hidden Markov Model (HHMM) that produces a user-meaningful UGV temporal segmentation. Moreover, a keyframe selection method has been proposed that picks a keyframe for fixed-content camera motion patterns such as zoom, still, or shake and a set of keyframes for varying-content translation patterns. The proposed video segmentation approach has been compared to a state-of-the-art algorithm, achieving 8% performance improvement in a segmentation-based evaluation. Furthermore, a complete search-based UGV annotation system has been developed to assess the influence of the proposed algorithms on an end-user task. To that purpose, two UGV datasets have been developed and made available online. Specifically, the relevance of the considered camera motion types has been analyzed for these two datasets, and some guidelines are given to achieve the desired performance-complexity tradeoff. The keyframe selection algorithm for varying-content translation patterns has also been assessed, revealing a notable contribution to the performance of the global UGV annotation system. Finally, it has been shown that the UGV segmentation algorithm also produces improved annotation results with respect to a fixed-rate keyframe selection baseline or a traditional method relying on frame-level visual features.This work has been supported by the National Grant TEC2011-26807 of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation.Publicad

Primary systemic therapy in HER2-positive operable breast cancer using trastuzumab and chemotherapy: efficacy data, cardiotoxicity and long-term follow-up in 142 patients diagnosed from 2005 to 2016 at a single institution

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, cardiotoxicity profile and long-term benefits of neoadjuvant therapy in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive operable breast cancer patients. Patients and methods: A total of 142 patients diagnosed from 2005 to 2016 were included in the study. The treatment consisted of a sequential regimen of taxanes and anthracyclines plus trastuzumab. The clinical and pathological responses were evaluated and correlated with clinical and biological factors. The cardiotoxicity profile and long-term benefits were analyzed. Results: The median age was 49 years, and 4%, 69% and 27% of patients had stage I, II and III breast cancer, respectively, while 10% had inflammatory breast cancer at diagnosis. Hormone receptor (HR) status was negative in 43%, and 62% had grade III breast cancer. The clinical complete response rate was 49% and 63% as assessed using ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, respectively, and this allowed a high rate of conservative surgery (66%). The pathological complete response (pCR) rate was 52%, and it was higher in HR-negative (64%) patients than in HR-positive (41%) patients and in grade III breast cancer (53%) patients than in grade I–II breast cancer (45%) patients. Patients who achieved pCR had longer disease-free survival and a trend toward improved overall survival. A total of 2% of patients showed a 10% decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction to <50% during treatment. All patients except one recovered after discontinuation of trastuzumab. Conclusion: A sequential regimen of taxanes and anthracyclines plus trastuzumab was effective, with high pCR rates and long-term benefit, and had a very good cardiotoxicity profile.S

Molecular characterization and systemic induction of single-chain ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) leaves

Producción CientíficaSugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) leaves contain virusinducible type 1 (single chain) ribosome-inactivating proteins that have been named beetins. The structural and functional characterization, the cellular location, and the potential role of beetins as antiviral agents are reported here. Beetins are formed of a single polypeptide chain with a varying degree of glycosylation and strongly inhibited in vitro protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocyte lysates (IC5051.15 ng ml21 ) and a Vicia sativa L. cell-free system (IC50568 ng ml21 ) through the single depurination of the large rRNA. Beetins trigger the multidepurination of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) genomic RNA which underwent extensive degradation upon treatment with acid aniline. Beetins are extracellular proteins that were recovered from the apoplastic fluid. Induction of sugar beet RIPs with either H2O2 or artichoke mottled crinkle virus (AMCV) was observed in leaves distant from the site of application of such elicitors. The external application of purified beetin to sugar leaves prevented infection by AMCV which supports the preliminary hypothesis that beetins could be involved in plant systemic acquired resistance subjected to induction by phytopathogens.Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología (grant BIO98-0727)Junta de Castilla y León - FIS (grant PI030258

The EuroSTARRS-2001 aircraft campaign of the European Space Agency in support of the SMOS Mission

Ponencia presentada en: III Congreso de la Asociación Española de Climatología “El agua y el clima”, celebrado en Palma de Mallorca del 16 al 19 de junio de 2002.This work was carried out in the framework of the ESA-ESTEC contract no: 15949/02/NL/SF, and the Spanish National Space Research Programme Project no: PNE-009/2001-C-03

High efficacy of Sofosbuvir plus Simeprevir in a large cohort of Spanish cirrhotic patients infected with genotypes 1 and 4

[Abstract] Background and Aims. Hepatitis C (HCV) therapy with Sofosbuvir (SOF)/Simeprevir (SMV) in clinical trials and real‐world clinical practice, showed high rates of sustained virological response (SVR) in non‐cirrhotic genotype (GT)‐1 and GT‐4 patients. These results were slightly lower in cirrhotic patients. We investigated real‐life effectiveness and safety of SOF/SMV with or without ribavirin (RBV) in a large cohort of cirrhotic patients. Methods. This collaborative multicentre study included data from 968 patients with cirrhosis infected with HCV‐GT1 or 4, treated with SOF/SMV±RBV in 30 centres across Spain between January‐2014 and December‐2015. Demographic, clinical, virological and safety data were analysed. Results. Overall SVR was 92.3%; the majority of patients were treated with RBV (62%) for 12 weeks (92.4%). No significant differences in SVR were observed between genotypes (GT1a:94.3%; GT1b:91.7%; GT4:91.1%). Those patients with more advanced liver disease (Child B/C, MELD≥10) or portal hypertension (platelet count≤100×109/L, transient elastography≥21 Kpa) showed significantly lower SVR rates (84.4%‐91.9%) than patients with less advanced liver disease (93.8%‐95.9%, P<.01 in all cases). In the multivariate analysis, the use of RBV, female gender, baseline albumin≥35 g/L, MELD<10 and lack of exposure to a triple therapy regimen were independent predictors of SVR (P<.05). Serious adverse events (SAEs) and SAE‐associated discontinuation events occurred in 5.9% and 2.6%. Conclusions. In this large cohort of cirrhotic patients managed in the real‐world setting in Spain, SOF/SMV±RBV yielded to excellent SVR rates, especially in patients with compensated liver cirrhosis. In addition, this combination showed to be safe, with low rates of SAEs and early discontinuations.Instituto de Salud Carlos III; PI15/0015