Immigrants in the U.S. Economy: Overcoming Hurdles, Yet Still Facing Barriers

There are 45 million immigrants living in the United States. Making up 14 percent of the national population, immigrants are a vital part of the social, economic, and cultural life of all American communities.The economic role of immigrants has frequently been misunderstood. On the one hand, immigrants are a big and important part of the economy. And, on the other hand, immigrants are disproportionately concentrated in low-wage jobs. Both things are true at the same time

Immigrants in the Long Island Economy: Overcoming Hurdles, Yet Still Facing Barriers

There 550,000 immigrants living on Long Island, according to an analysis of the most recent census data by Immigration Research Initiative (IRI). This includes all people born in another country and living on Long Island: people who are undocumented, have green cards, or are naturalized citizens; adults, and children; refugees, asylum seekers, agricultural workers, people with high-skill visas, and more. Making up 19 percent of the population, immigrants are a vital part of the social, economic, and cultural life of all communities in Nassau and Suffolk counties

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

Background Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.Methods A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital.Findings Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.85 [95% CI 2.58-5.75]; p<0.0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63.0% vs 82.7%; OR 0.35 [0.23-0.53]; p<0.0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Interpretation Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised

Evaluación de la factibilidad de un sistema de entrenamiento combinado en el desarrollo de la fuerza explosiva de los miembros inferiores de los taekwondocas

The research focused on assessing the impact of a combined training system to develop the explosive strength of the lower limbs of the taekwondoins. It wants to reinforce the approach of capacity development through a methodological logic that starts from the creation of morphological and functional conditions to ensure the enhancement of a sarcoplasmic hypertrophy, as a basis for the development of sarcomeric hypertrophy, and finally, favor the conversion to power and the development of the explosive force. At the same time, it went through a diagnosis, elaboration and data validation, using propper methods and techniques such as: interview, survey, observation, testing, measurement, expert criteria, descriptive and inferential statistics, and the pre-experiment. The last one with three stages (pre-test / 16-week intervention / post-test) Twenty senior category university taekwondoins and two coaches participated. The evaluation of the maximum force (1RM) of the muscular planes that directly influence in the kicking techniques was considered. As it was associated to the quality of motor fiber recruitment; The evaluation of the explosive force was performed using the vertical jump test: Squat Jump (SJ) extracted from the Bosco test protocol. For this, it was necessary to use a digital contact platform. The data were compared using a T-test, the results of which showed significant changes (p = .000) between the pre and post treatment, verifying Hi. Concluding that the combined training system improved the development of the explosive strength of the limbs lower of the taekwondoinst.La investigación se centró en evaluar el impacto de un sistema de entrenamiento combinado para desarrollar la fuerza explosiva de los miembros inferiores de los taekwondocas, viene a reforzar el enfoque del desarrollo de la capacidad mediante una lógica metodológica que parte de la creación de las condiciones morfológicas y funcionales para asegurar la potenciación de una hipertrofia sarcoplasmática, como base del desarrollo de la hipertrofia sarcomérica y finalmente favorecer la conversión a potencia y el desarrollo de la fuerza explosiva, en concordancia se transitó por un diagnóstico, elaboración y validación, utilizando convenientemente métodos y técnicas como: entrevista, encuesta, observación, la prueba, la medición, el criterios de experto, la estadística descriptiva e inferencial y el pre-experimento, este último con tres momentos (pre-test/ intervención de 16 semanas/ post-test), participaron 20 taekwondocas universitarios Categoría Sénior y dos entrenadores. Se consideró la evaluación de la fuerza máxima (1RM) de los planos musculares que intervienen directamente en las técnicas de pateo, por estar asociada con la calidad del reclutamiento de la fibras motoras; la evaluación de la fuerza explosiva se realizó mediante el test de salto vertical: Squat Jump (SJ) extraído del protocolo del test de Bosco, para ello fue necesario emplear una plataforma de contacto digital. Los datos se compararon mediante una prueba T de diferencias de medias, cuyos resultados mostraron cambios significativos (p= .000) entre el pre y post tratamiento, verificándose Hi, concluyendo que el sistema de entrenamiento combinado mejoró el desarrollo de la fuerza explosiva de los miembros inferiores de los taekwondocas

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

Background: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit

The 93Zr(n,γ) reaction up to 8 keV neutron energy

The (n,γ) reaction of the radioactive isotope 93Zr has been measured at the n_TOF high-resolution time-of-flight facility at CERN. Resonance parameters have been extracted in the neutron energy range up to 8 keV, yielding capture widths smaller (14%) than reported in an earlier experiment. These results are important for detailed nucleosynthesis calculations and for refined studies of waste transmutation concepts

The data acquisition system of the neutron time-of-flight facility n_TOF at CERN

The n_TOF facility at CERN has been designed for the measurement of neutron capture, fission and (n, xn) cross-sections with high accuracy. This requires a flexible and-due to the high instantaneous neutron flux-almost dead time free data acquisition system. A scalable and versatile data solution has been designed based on 8-bit flash-ADCs with sampling rates up to 2 GHz and 8 Mbyte memory buffer. The software is written in C and C++ and is running on PCs equipped with RedHat Linux