Dyslipidemia and electrolyte metabolism in essential hypertensive North Indians

Background: In the present study we are going to evaluate lipid profile and Electrolytes levels (Sodium, Potassium in Serum & Urine) in Essential Hypertensive and in healthy controls in North Indian Population.Methods: A total of 210 age and sex matched E. hypertensive & healthy controls were included in our study from outpatient department (OPD) of Medicine in King George Medical University, Lucknow, India. First group consist of 110 subjects were known E. hypertensive patients (B.P ≤ 139/89mm of Hg). Another group is control group consist of 100 subjects who were healthy controls (B.P ≤ 120/80mm of Hg) with no history of hypertension. Fasting venous blood sample was collected from all the subjects in plane vacationer and the sample was centrifuged for the estimation of lipid profile & electrolyte i.e. Sodium (N+) & Potassium (K+). Lipid profile was measured with an automated analyzer (Biochem) & Electrolytes was measured using ion-selective electrolyte auto-analyzer in the Clinical lab of biochemistry in KGMU.Results: After analyzing results almost control subjects had normal lipid profile level. In patients of E. hypertension there was a highly significant increase in serum Total Cholesterol (p˂0.0001), LDL-Cholesterol (p˂0.0001) & Triglycerides (p˂0.001). HDL-Cholesterol (p˂0.03) is also significant as compare to controls. Not significant difference was found in serum sodium & potassium level. The Urinary Na+ levels were significantly lower in E. hypertensive patients when compared to controls while Urinary K+ levels were not significant.Conclusion: So we conclude that dyslipidemia is associated with essential hypertension this may due to the genetic predisposition, secondary lifestyles, fatty food consumption, saturated fat, cholesterol in the food increase the blood cholesterol and saturated fat is the main culprit. Essential hypertensive is linked with increased Na+, K+ - ATPase activity and increased renal tubular sodium reabsorption.

Efficacy and safety of Tinospora cordifolia (Tc) as an add-on therapy in patients with type-2 diabetes

Background: Type 2 diabetes has become a global epidemic. Tinospora cordifolia is being used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes since ancient times. It is a common misconception that Ayurvedic medicines are always safe. In fact, they also pose serious health risks either in the form of adverse reactions or in the form of drug interactions. Hence this study was undertaken to study the efficacy and safety of Tc on human subjects.Methods: We recruited 40 type 2 diabetic patients who were on oral hypoglycaemic agents. These patients were then randomly divided into two groups, A and B. Patients in group A continued with their anti-diabetic medications while in group B Tc was given at a dose of 500 mg three times daily along with their conventional medications. The fasting and post prandial blood glucose levels, renal function tests and liver function tests were recorded at baseline, 3 months and 6 months.Results: During the course of study we observed a decrease in the fasting and post prandial blood glucose levels of the patients. No significant change was observed in the renal function tests and liver function tests and no other event of any adverse drug reactions were recorded.Conclusion: Tinospora cordifolia (Tc) is effective as an add-on therapy in patients with type-2 diabetes. There is no negative impact of Tc on the renal as well as liver function tests.

Molecular links between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its advanced complication, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), have become leading causes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. In this review, we discuss the role of metabolic, gut microbial, immune and endocrine mediators which promote the progression of NAFLD to HCC. In particular, this progression involves multiple hits resulting from lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, inhibition of hepatic autophagy and inflammation. Furthermore, dysbiosis in the gut associated with obesity also promotes HCC via induction of proinflammatory cytokines and Toll like receptor signalling as well as altered bile metabolism. Additionally, compromised T-cell function and impaired hepatic hormonal action promote the development of NASH-associated HCC. Lastly, we discuss the current challenges involved in the diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD/NASH-associated HCC

Evaluation and comparison of the microhardness of enamel after bleaching with fluoride free and fluoride containing carbamide peroxide bleaching agents and post bleaching anticay application: An in vitro study

Aims and Objectives: The purpose of the study was to evaluate and compare the microhardness of enamel after the application of anticay on bleached enamel with fluoride containing and fluoride free bleaching agent. Materials and Methods: Twenty freshly extracted teeth decoronated and divided mesiodistally into two halves were randomly divided into five groups with 10 samples in each group. The enamel surface was treated as follows: Group 1 - no treatment, Group 2 - fluoride free bleaching agent, Group 3 - fluoride containing bleaching agent, and Group 4 - fluoride free bleaching agent followed by anticay application. The samples were subjected to indentation to test the microhardness using Vicker's hardness analyzer. Conclusion: Enamel microhardness significantly increased in samples where anticay was used after the application of bleaching agent

Direct Chemical Synthesis of MnO₂ Nanowhiskers on Transition-Metal Carbide Surfaces for Supercapacitor Applications

Transition-metal carbides (MXenes) are an emerging class of two-dimensional materials with promising electrochemical energy storage performance. Herein, for the first time, by direct chemical synthesis, nanocrystalline ε-MnO₂ whiskers were formed on MXene nanosheet surfaces (ε-MnO₂/Ti₂CT_<i>x</i> and ε-MnO₂/Ti₃C₂T_<i>x</i>) to make nanocomposite electrodes for aqueous pseudocapacitors. The ε-MnO₂ nanowhiskers increase the surface area of the composite electrode and enhance the specific capacitance by nearly 3 orders of magnitude compared to that of pure MXene-based symmetric supercapacitors. Combined with enhanced pseudocapacitance, the fabricated ε-MnO₂/MXene supercapacitors exhibited excellent cycling stability with ∼88% of the initial specific capacitance retained after 10000 cycles which is much higher than pure ε-MnO₂-based supercapacitors (∼74%). The proposed electrode structure capitalizes on the high specific capacitance of MnO₂ and the ability of MXenes to improve conductivity and cycling stability

Efficacy and safety of Tinospora cordifolia (Tc) as an add-on therapy in patients with type-2 diabetes

Background: Type 2 diabetes has become a global epidemic. Tinospora cordifolia is being used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes since ancient times. It is a common misconception that Ayurvedic medicines are always safe. In fact, they also pose serious health risks either in the form of adverse reactions or in the form of drug interactions. Hence this study was undertaken to study the efficacy and safety of Tc on human subjects. Methods: We recruited 40 type 2 diabetic patients who were on oral hypoglycaemic agents. These patients were then randomly divided into two groups, A and B. Patients in group A continued with their anti-diabetic medications while in group B Tc was given at a dose of 500 mg three times daily along with their conventional medications. The fasting and post prandial blood glucose levels, renal function tests and liver function tests were recorded at baseline, 3 months and 6 months. Results: During the course of study we observed a decrease in the fasting and post prandial blood glucose levels of the patients. No significant change was observed in the renal function tests and liver function tests and no other event of any adverse drug reactions were recorded. Conclusion: Tinospora cordifolia (Tc) is effective as an add-on therapy in patients with type-2 diabetes. There is no negative impact of Tc on the renal as well as liver function tests. [Int J Res Med Sci 2015; 3(5.000): 1109-1113