A New Method For Digital Watermarking Based on Combination of DCT and PCA

In the digital watermarking with DCT method,the watermark is located within a range of DCT coefficients of the cover image. In this paper to use the low-frequency band, a new method is proposed by using a combination of the DCT and PCA transform. The proposed method is compared to other DCT methods, our method is robust and keeps the quality of cover image, also increases capacity of the watermarking.Comment: Telecommunications Forum Telfor (TELFOR), 2014 22n

Environmental Kuznets curve in Indonesia, the role of energy consumption and foreign trade

This study examines the dynamic relationship among carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, economic growth, energy consumption and foreign trade based on the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis for Indonesia during the period 1971–2007. The Auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL) methodology is used as an estimation technique. The results do not support the EKC hypothesis, which assumes an inverted U-shaped relationship between income and environmental degradation. The long-run results indicate that foreign trade is the most significant variable in explaining CO2 emissions in Indonesia followed by Energy consumption and economic growth. The stability of the variables in estimated models is also examined. The result suggests that the estimated models are stable over the sample period.Environmental Kuznets curve; CO2 emissions; energy consumption

New Urbanism as Redevelopment Scheme: New Urbanism\u27s Role in Revitalization of Downtown Milwaukee

By the turn of the twentieth century persisting decay of many large American urban centers signaled the failure of redevelopment efforts to solve inner city problems and to stop destructive patterns of suburban sprawl. This serious concern persuaded many urban specialists to study the history of urban redevelopment in the United States in order to examine the urban problems and to discuss alternative solutions to the demise of U.S. cities. The past two decades have seen a growing turn toward New Urbanism in the revitalization of urban neighborhoods; as an alternative to conventional suburban development and social and environmental problems. The New Urbanism ideally tries to create community by design and highlights the value of traditional, walkable, dense, and interconnected mixed-use neighborhoods. For the period of 20 years the city of Milwaukee has relied on neo-traditional and New Urbanist planning to remake its image and promote its downtown as a center of cultural and economic wealth. Many critics have questioned the role of New Urbanism in improving Milwaukee\u27s landscape and distressed atmosphere, while the city has not grown significantly and racial disparities in income and employment and other quality-of-life indicators are highly noticeable in Milwaukee and stand as some of the primary features of the city\u27s urban landscape. The major goal of this study is to examine and evaluate the New Urbanism`s role in revitalization of downtown Milwaukee. For this purpose the study tries to respond to these questions; how do the advocates of New Urbanism and the city leaders in Milwaukee interpret New Urbanism? And how do they perceive the impact of New Urbanist planning on the city\u27s physical and social structure

The Relationship Between Economic Growth, Energy Consumption And Trade With Environmental Degradation: The Case Study Of Five Asean Countries

Recent studies in examining the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) emphasized the lack or even negligence of the energy consumption and trade openness role in shaping the EKC. Previous empirical studies, to certain degree have not considered the effect of dirty industry import and dirty industry export in examining the EKC model. This study examined the relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions based on the EKC hypothesis in the five selected ASEAN countries namely Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand or also known as the ASEAN-5. The study also investigated the effect of total energy consumption and trade openness on these ASEAN countries’ emissions and in shaping the EKC. The study further included the effect of dirty industry import to the ASEAN-5 countries and dirty industry export from these countries to their main trading partners to the framework to examine the effect of Pollution Haven Hypothesis (PHH) on the existence of the EKC. Employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach, the reduced-form EKC model was not able to demonstrate the accurate relationship between CO2 emissions and economic growth. Energy consumption and trade openness played a significant role in shaping the EKC in Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. In Singapore, the EKC existed based on the reduced-form model. In Thailand there was evidence of the EKC when energy consumption was included to the model. However, when the model was further extended by trade openness, evidence of the EKC also existed in Malaysia

Proportional Reversed Hazard Rate Models with Exponential Baseline

The proportional hazard regression models have been used extensively in survival analysis to understand and exploit the relationship between survival time and covariates. For left censored survival times, reversed hazard rate functions are more appropriate. In this paper, we discuss a parametric proportional reversed hazard rates model using exponential baseline. The estimation for the parameters are discussed. We also assess the performance of the proposed procedure based on a large number of Monte Carlo simulations. Finally, we illustrate the proposed method using a real case example and then we show that it provides a good and better fit than the usual proportional hazards model

A Case of a Foreign Body Disguised as an Insect Bite: A Possible Child Abuse

Introduction: Sewing needle is one of the most prevalent foreign bodies reported in child abuse cases. However, foreign body presented as insect bite is extremely rare. Case Presentation: Our case was a 20-month-old boy, admitted for his right knee swelling and discomfort on walking in the morning of admission. There was only a small red point on the medial side of his knee suggesting an insect bite. Because a metal object was found in his radiologic assessment; further investigation was done because of suspected child abuse. Eventually, a sewing needle was selectively removed in the operating room. Conclusion: A high index of suspicion is required to distinguish such a rare case. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment is the cornerstone of the foreign body detection in the emergency department