Energy, Laplacian energy of double graphs and new families of equienergetic graphs

For a graph $G$ with vertex set $V(G)=\{v_1, v_2, \cdots, v_n\}$, the extended double cover $G^*$ is a bipartite graph with bipartition (X, Y), $X=\{x_1, x_2, \cdots, x_n\}$ and $Y=\{y_1, y_2, \cdots, y_n\}$, where two vertices $x_i$ and $y_j$ are adjacent if and only if $i=j$ or $v_i$ adjacent to $v_j$ in $G$. The double graph $D[G]$ of $G$ is a graph obtained by taking two copies of $G$ and joining each vertex in one copy with the neighbours of corresponding vertex in another copy. In this paper we study energy and Laplacian energy of the graphs $G^*$ and $D[G]$, $L$-spectra of $G^{k*}$ the $k$-th iterated extended double cover of $G$. We obtain a formula for the number of spanning trees of $G^*$. We also obtain some new families of equienergetic and $L$-equienergetic graphs.Comment: 23 pages, 1 figur

The Generalized Distance Spectrum of the Join of Graphs

Let G be a simple connected graph. In this paper, we study the spectral properties of the generalized distance matrix of graphs, the convex combination of the symmetric distance matrix D(G) and diagonal matrix of the vertex transmissions Tr(G) . We determine the spectrum of the join of two graphs and of the join of a regular graph with another graph, which is the union of two different regular graphs. Moreover, thanks to the symmetry of the matrices involved, we study the generalized distance spectrum of the graphs obtained by generalization of the join graph operation through their eigenvalues of adjacency matrices and some auxiliary matrices

Nature of Phyllotaxy and Topology of H-matrix

The main purpose of this chapter is to introduce a new type of regular matrix generated by Fibonacci numbers and we shall investigate its various topological properties. The concept of mathematical regularity in terms of Fibonacci numbers and phyllotaxy have been discussed

Optimization of PSWAN in terms of cost and bandwidth

PSWAN is an internetworking project undertaken by Govt. of India at Pondicherry. It covers a vast area, under it there are various state headquarters and district headquarters. Approximately 3000 systems are using its internet services. Since the number of systems are more and the bandwidth required is less so optimization was needed. Optimization was required without hardware modifications, so we defined some of the parameters through which we can achieve the optimization of this network, these parameters are 1. Type of protocol 2. Type of Topology 3. Access policies 4. Load balancing 5. Traffic bottle neck 6. Bandwidth utilization. To make the network cost effective, some small networks were moved to broadband network so that bandwidth usage can be mitigated and consequently network will get optimized. Since this project (PSWAN) is using the CISCO devices only so it was easy to simulate the network, we used OPNET simulator as it is precise than other simulators. First the operational network was simulated and then the proposed one, proposed model showed evident positive results. The simulation tool used is Opnet. OPNET is extensive and powerful simulation software with wide variety of capabilities. It enables the possibility to simulate entire heterogeneous networks with various protocol

SAARC: The Sign of Solution of Problems In South Asia

The South Asian Association of Regional Co-operation comprises of India, Pakistan, Sri-Lanka, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal, and Afghanistan. It established with the aim to promote the well being of the population of South Asia and improve their standard of living to speed up economic growth, social progress and cultural development. This Association provides a platform for the peoples of South Asia to work together in a spirit of friendship, trust and understanding. Its aim is to promote the welfare of the people of South Asia and solve the problems like food, shelter, education problems, diseases, economic problems, social problems, political problems, terrorism etc. There are a number of problems which no country of the region can solve single-handed and which can be solved only if the countries of the region cooperate. So let us come to the point that the paper is actually about the “SAARC: The Sign of Solution of Problems in South Asia”. So I want to examine it and explain how we can find the solution of problems and in what sense we can call it the Sign of Solution.

A weighty matter: Identification and management of overweight and obesity in adolescents

Overweight and obesity are common in South African boys (18.8%) and girls (26.3%). Considering the potential serious consequences of these conditions, clinicians need to identify overweight and obese adolescents to enable early diagnosis and treatment. The key contributor in adolescents is increased intake of unhealthy foods and lower levels of physical activity. The consequences of overweight and obesity in adolescence are multisystemic and include  cardiometabolic (type 2 diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, dyslipidaemia), respiratory (obstructive sleep apnoea), gastrointestinal (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease), musculoskeletal, psychological (depression) and social (stigmatisation) effects. Body mass index (BMI) is calculated to determine overweight and obesity in adolescents. Numerous expert committees, despite using different methods, classify overweight and obesity in children by age- and gender-specific cut points for BMI. After a diagnosis of overweight and obesity, secondary causes must be excluded, and a history of dietary intake, physical activity and sedentary behaviour obtained. This will identify modifiable behaviours that promote energy imbalance. All obese adolescents should undergo cardiometabolic assessments comprising fasting glucose, lipid and blood pressure measurements every 2 years. Interventions should focus on creating healthier home environments that provide easy access to healthy foods, encourage physical activity and discourage sedentary behaviour. Medication for weight loss or bariatric surgery may be considered for severely obese adolescents who do not respond to other strategies

Adaptive Control of Robotic Manipulators using Deep Neural Networks

In this paper, we present a lifelong deep learning-based control of robotic manipulators with nonstandard adaptive laws using singular value decomposition (SVD) based direct tracking error driven (DTED) approach. Moreover, we incorporate concurrent learning (CL) to relax persistency of excitation condition and elastic weight consolidation (EWC) for lifelong learning on different tasks in the adaptive laws. Simulation results confirm theoretical conclusions

Lifelong Deep Learning-based Control Of Robot Manipulators

This study proposes a lifelong deep learning control scheme for robotic manipulators with bounded disturbances. This scheme involves the use of an online tunable deep neural network (DNN) to approximate the unknown nonlinear dynamics of the robot. The control scheme is developed by using a singular value decomposition-based direct tracking error-driven approach, which is utilized to derive the weight update laws for the DNN. To avoid catastrophic forgetting in multi-task scenarios and to ensure lifelong learning (LL), a novel online LL scheme based on elastic weight consolidation is included in the DNN weight-tuning laws. Our results demonstrate that the resulting closed-loop system is uniformly ultimately bounded while the forgetting is reduced. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, we provide simulation results comparing it with the conventional single-layer NN approach and confirm its theoretical claims. The cumulative effect of the error and control input in the multitasking system shows a 43% improvement in performance by using the proposed LL-based DNN control over recent literature

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KURANGNYA MINAT IBU TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN METODE KONTRASEPSI IMPLANT DI WILAYAH PUSKESMAS PONRE KECAMATAN GANTARANG KABUPATEN BULUKUMBA

Kontrasepsi adalah obat atau alat untuk mencegah terjadinya konsepsi/kehamilan. Implant merupakan salah satu metode kontrasepsi hormonal yang efektif, yang diinsersikan tepat di bawah kulit, dilakukan pada bagian dalam lengan atas atau di bawah siku melalui insisi tunggal dalam bentuk kipas, tidak permanen dan dapat mencegah terjadinya kehamilan antara tiga hingga lima tahun. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kurangnya minat ibu terhadap penggunaan metode kontrasepsi implant di Wilayah Puskesmas Ponre Kecamatan Gantarang Kabupaten Bulukumba. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah analitik studi cross sectional, dengan populasi semua ibu pengguna kontrasepsi hormonal sejumlah 33 responden dengan teknik total sampling. Instrumen pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu lembar kuisioner, kemudian dianalisa secara univariat dan bivariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara sumber informasi dengan minat ibu terhadap penggunaan metode kontrasepsi implant dengan p value = 0,016. Sedangkan dua variabel yang lain pendidikan dan pengetahuan ibu sebagai responden tidak terdapat hubungan dengan minat ibu terhadap penggunaan metode kontrasepsi implant dengan p value masing-masing adalah 0,943 dan 0,147. Dan dari 33 responden yang diteliti yang minat terhadap penggunaan kontrasepsi implant sebanyak 3 orang (9,1%) dan non implant sebanyak 30 orang (90,9%). Hal ini menunjukkan faktor sumber informasi sangat berperan penting untuk menyebarkan informasi dan pengetahuan tentang metode kontrasepsi implant. Diharapkan petugas atau tenaga kesehatan dapat memberikan konseling tentang macam-macam metode kontrasepsi pada ibu calon pengguna kontrasepsi sebagai tambahan pengetahuan kepada wanita usia subur melalui kegiatan warga dengan membagikan selebaran tentang semua alat kontrasepsi termasuk implant