On some categorical-algebraic conditions in S-protomodular categories

In the context of protomodular categories, several additional conditions have been considered in order to obtain a closer group-like behavior. Among them are locally algebraic cartesian closedness and algebraic coherence. The recent notion of S-protomodular category, whose main examples are the category of monoids and, more generally, categories of monoids with operations and Jo\'{o}nsson-Tarski varieties, raises a similar question: how to get a description of S-protomodular categories with a strong monoid-like behavior. In this paper we consider relative versions of the conditions mentioned above, in order to exhibit the parallelism with the "absolute" protomodular context and to obtain a hierarchy among S-protomodular categories

High-risk spatial clusters for Zika, dengue, and chikungunya in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the spatial distribution and identify high-risk spatial clusters of Zika, dengue, and chikungunya (ZDC), in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and their socioeconomic status. METHODS: An ecological study based on data from a seroprevalence survey. Using a rapid diagnostic test to detect the arboviruses, 2,114 individuals were tested in 2018. The spatial distribution was analyzed using kernel estimation. To detect high-risk spatial clusters of arboviruses, we used multivariate scan statistics. The Social Development Index (SDI) was considered in the analysis of socioeconomic status. RESULTS: Among the 2,114 individuals, 1,714 (81.1%) were positive for at least one arbovirus investigated. The kernel estimation showed positive individuals for at least one arbovirus in all regions of the city, with hot spots in the North, coincident with regions with very low or low SDI. The scan statistic detected three significant (p<0.05) high-risk spatial clusters for Zika, dengue, and chikungunya viruses. These clusters correspond to 35.7% (n=613) of all positive individuals of the sample. The most likely cluster was in the North (cluster 1) and overlapped regions with very low and low SDI. Clusters 2 and 3 were in the West and overlapping regions with low and very low SDI, respectively. The highest values of relative risks were in cluster 1 for CHIKV (1.97), in cluster 2 for ZIKV (1.58), and in cluster 3 for CHIKV (1.44). Regarding outcomes in the clusters, the Flavivirus had the highest frequency in clusters 1, 2, and 3 (42.83%, 54.46%, and 52.08%, respectively). CONCLUSION: We found an over-risk for arboviruses in areas with the worst socioeconomic conditions in Rio de Janeiro. Moreover, the highest concentration of people negative for arboviruses occurred in areas considered to have better living conditions

O Eletrocardiograma de Alta Resoluçao e suas Aplicaçoes Clínicas

O eletrocardiograma de alta resoluçao (ECGAR) é um registro obtido por meio de técnicas de amplificaçao de sinais elétricos de baixa amplitude e alta freqüência, permitindo a detecçao de potenciais elétricos de baixa voltagem que podem ocorrer na porçao terminal do QRS e que representam áreas de conduçao elétrica lenta e fracionada. A presença desses potenciais tem sido considerada como fator preditor de eventos arrítmicos fatais, de utilidade portanto na prevençao da morte súbita, especialmente nas cardiopatias isquêmicas, em que o seu valor diagnóstico já está bem estabelecido. Embora ainda sob investigaçao, o seu uso tem se estendido a cardiopatias de outras etiologias e a outras situaçoes, como no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca, após terapia trombolítica e na investigaçao de síncope. Esta revisao tem como objetivo uma abordagem atualizada do método, suas aplicaçoes clínicas e limitaçoes

O Eletrocardiograma de Alta Resoluçao e suas Aplicaçoes Clínicas

O eletrocardiograma de alta resoluçao (ECGAR) é um registro obtido por meio de técnicas de amplificaçao de sinais elétricos de baixa amplitude e alta freqüência, permitindo a detecçao de potenciais elétricos de baixa voltagem que podem ocorrer na porçao terminal do QRS e que representam áreas de conduçao elétrica lenta e fracionada. A presença desses potenciais tem sido considerada como fator preditor de eventos arrítmicos fatais, de utilidade portanto na prevençao da morte súbita, especialmente nas cardiopatias isquêmicas, em que o seu valor diagnóstico já está bem estabelecido. Embora ainda sob investigaçao, o seu uso tem se estendido a cardiopatias de outras etiologias e a outras situaçoes, como no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca, após terapia trombolítica e na investigaçao de síncope. Esta revisao tem como objetivo uma abordagem atualizada do método, suas aplicaçoes clínicas e limitaçoes

Kiloparsec-scale gaseous clumps and star formation at z = 5–7

We investigate the morphology of the [Cii] emission in a sample of “normal” star-forming galaxies at 5 < z < 7:2 in relation to their UV (rest-frame) counterpart. We use new ALMA observations of galaxies at z 6 7, as well as a careful re-analysis of archival ALMA data. In total 29 galaxies were analysed, 21 of which are detected in [Cii]. For several of the latter the [Cii] emission breaks into multiple components. Only a fraction of these [Cii] components, if any, is associated with the primary UV systems, while the bulk of the [Cii] emission is associated either with fainter UV components, or not associated with any UV counterpart at the current limits. By taking into account the presence of all these components, we find that the L[CII]-SFR relation at early epochs is fully consistent with the local relation, but it has a dispersion of 0.48 0.07 dex, which is about two times larger than observed locally. We also find that the deviation from the local L[CII]-SFR relation has a weak anti-correlation with the EW(Ly ). The morphological analysis also reveals that [Cii] emission is generally much more extended than the UV emission. As a consequence, these primordial galaxies are characterised by a [Cii] surface brightness generally much lower than expected from the local [CII] SFR relation. These properties are likely a consequence of a combination of di erent e ects, namely: gas metallicity, [Cii] emission from obscured star-forming regions, strong variations of the ionisation parameter, and circumgalactic gas in accretion or ejected by these primeval galaxies.European Research Council RM acknowledges ERC Advanced Grant 695671 ‘QUENCH’. AF acknowledges support from the ERC Advanced Grant INTERSTELLAR H2020/740120

Salvia elegans: uma fonte natural de compostos antioxidantes

A espécie Salvia elegans é um arbusto que pertence ao género Salvia, família das Lamiaceae. Várias espécies do mesmo género têm vindo a ser cultivadas para uso na culinária e em medicina tradicional [1]. Devido ao seu cheiro característico, a S. elegans é vulgarmente conhecida por salva ananás e utilizada como condimento ou aromatizante em alimentos. No México esta espécie é popularmente conhecida como “mirto” e tem sido usada na medicina tradicional para tratar afeções do sistema nervoso central [2, 3]. Apesar disso, as suas propriedades biológicas não estão ainda estudadas. Neste trabalho pretende-se clarificar a capacidade antioxidante da espécie S. elegans, bem como proceder à identificação dos seus principais constituintes fenólicos, uma vez que vulgarmente estes compostos se encontram associados a esta propriedade [4]. Para tal, as partes aéreas da planta S. elegans foram extraídas com água quente [5] e o teor de compostos fenólicos totais no extrato foi determinado por uma adaptação do método colorimétrico de Folin-Ciocalteu [6]. A identificação dos compostos fenólicos foi efetuada por análise de cromatografia líquida de alta resolução (HPLC-DAD), acoplada à técnica de espectrometria de massa com ionização por electrospray (ESI-MSn), em modo negativo. Ainda, a capacidade antioxidante do extrato aquoso de S. elegans foi testada através dos testes de captação de radicais livres DPPH•, e do teste do poder redutor. De acordo com o método de Folin-Ciocalteu, os compostos fenólicos no extrato aquoso de S. elegans totalizam 201±46 μg EAG/ mg de extrato. O extrato é particularmente rico em ácido rosmarínico e contém ainda quantidades moderadas de outros derivados do ácido cafeico. Para além disto, o extrato de S. elegans possui uma boa capacidade antioxidante demonstrada pelos métodos de DPPH• e poder redutor. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo permitem sugerir que S. elegans possui grande potencial para ser aplicada como agente antioxidante. Futuramente, pretende-se esclarecer a contribuição individual dos principais constituintes fenólicos do extrato de S. elegans na atividade antioxidante do mesmo

Risk Factors For The Ill-defined Causes Of Death In The Brazilian States: A Multilevel Analysis

This study describes the spatial-temporal changes of the proportion of ill-defined causes of death in Brazil (1998-2012) and investigates which demographic and socioeconomic factors affect this proportion. We collected information of the proportion of ill-defined causes of death by age (15-59 years), sex, period, locality, and socioeconomic data. We used a multilevel Poisson model to investigate which factors affect the risk of ill-defined causes of death. Unlike states located in the South and Midwest, we detected clusters with high proportional levels of these deaths in states in the North and Northeast regions. A greater proportion occurred in 1998-2002 (0.09), in the North and Northeast (0.14 and 0.12, respectively), in older age groups (0.09), and in places with poor socioeconomic conditions. The adjusted analysis showed differences in proportion according to the region, age, period, schooling, social inequality, and income. The results indicate that the lower the age group and the better the socioeconomic situation, the lower the risk to register the cause of death as ill-defined. Although over the past years, the quality of Brazil’s mortality data has gradually increased, investments towards improving mortality registries cannot be discontinued

Análise da Eficiência dos Departamentos de Economia de Instituições de Ensino Superior do Brasil

Este artigo examina a eficiência técnica dos cursos de Economia no Brasil, considerando o papel das condições do mercado de trabalho sobre a produtividade relativa dos Departamentos. O método DEA com Fronteira Sequencial e replicações bootstrap foi usado para estimar os escores de eficiência técnica. Tais estimativas foram condicionadas a indicadores de atratividade do mercado de trabalho para o economista em um modelo de efeito fixo. Os resultados mostram que o nível de eficiência teve uma redução de 19,8% no período. Ademais, constatou-se uma associação positiva entre valorização da profissão nas regiões dos cursos e escores de eficiência.This article investigates the efficiency of economics departments inBrazil, considering the results of teaching and research. We use Data En-velopment Analysis with sequential frontier andbootstrapreplications toestimate the efficiency scores between 2009 and 2012. Theses estimateswere conditioned to socioeconomic indicators of students and higher ed-ucation institutions in a fixed effects model. The results show that thetechnical efficiency level of the departments, on average, decreased from80% to 64% in the period, while the scale efficiency was always higherthan 93%. In addition, departments composed of students withbettersocioeconomic backgrounds tend to have a higher level of technical efficiency

On the nature and physical conditions of the luminous Lyα emitter CR7 and its rest-frame UV components

We present new Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/WFC3 observations and re-analyse VLT data to unveil the continuum, variability, and rest-frame ultraviolet (UV) lines of the multiple UV clumps of the most luminous Ly alpha emitter at z = 6.6, CR7 (COSMOS Redshift 7). Our re-reduced, flux-calibrated X-SHOOTER spectra of CR7 reveal an HeII emission line in observations obtained along the major axis of Ly alpha emission with the best seeing conditions. He II is spatially offset by approximate to+ 0.8 arcsec from the peak of Ly alpha emission, and it is found towards clump B. Our WFC3 grism spectra detects the UV continuum of CR7' s clump A, yielding a power law with beta = -2.5(-0.7) (+ 0.6) and M-UV = -21.87(-0.20) (+ 0.25) . No significant variability is found for any of the UV clumps on their own, but there is tentative (approximate to 2.2 sigma) brightening of CR7 in F110W as a whole from 2012 to 2017. HST grism data fail to robustly detect rest-frame UV lines in any of the clumps, implying fluxes less than or similar to 2 x 10(-17) erg s(-1) cm(-2) (3 sigma). We perform CLOUDY modelling to constrain the metallicity and the ionizing nature of CR7. CR7 seems to be actively forming stars without any clear active galactic nucleus activity in clump A, consistent with a metallicity of similar to 0.05-0.2 Z(circle dot). Component C or an interclump component between B and C may host a high ionization source. Our results highlight the need for spatially resolved information to study the formation and assembly of early galaxies

History of Galaxy Interactions and their Impact on Star Formation over the Last 7 Gyr from GEMS

We perform a comprehensive estimate of the frequency of galaxy mergers and their impact on star formation over z~0.24--0.80 (lookback time T_b~3--7 Gyr) using 3698 (M*>=1e9 Msun) galaxies with GEMS HST, COMBO-17, and Spitzer data. Our results are: (1) Among 790 high mass (M*>=2.5e10 Msun) galaxies, the visually-based merger fraction over z~0.24--0.80, ranges from 9%+-5% to 8%+-2%. Lower limits on the major and minor merger fractions over this interval range from 1.1% to 3.5%, and 3.6% to 7.5%, respectively. This is the first approximate empirical estimate of the frequency of minor mergers at z<1. For a visibility timescale of ~0.5 Gyr, it follows that over T_b~3--7 Gyr, ~68% of high mass systems have undergone a merger of mass ratio >1/10, with ~16%, 45%, and 7% of these corresponding respectively to major, minor, and ambiguous `major or minor' mergers. The mean merger rate is a few x 1e-4 Gyr-1 Mpc-3. (2) We compare the empirical merger fraction and rate for high mass galaxies to a suite of Lambda CDM-based models: halo occupation distribution models, semi-analytic models, and hydrodynamic SPH simulations. We find qualitative agreement between observations and models such that the (major+minor) merger fraction or rate from different models bracket the observations, and show a factor of five dispersion. Near-future improvements can now start to rule out certain merger scenarios. (3) Among ~3698 M*>=1e9 Msun galaxies, we find that the mean SFR of visibly merging systems is only modestly enhanced compared to non-interacting galaxies over z~0.24--0.80. Visibly merging systems only account for less than 30% of the cosmic SFR density over T_b~3--7 Gyr. This suggests that the behavior of the cosmic SFR density over the last 7 Gyr is predominantly shaped by non-interacting galaxies.Comment: Accepted for Publication in the Astrophysical Journal. 17 pages of text, 21 figures, 3 tables. Uses emulateapj5.st