4,048 research outputs found
Banks’ capital, regulation and the financial crisis
This paper investigates whether regulatory capital requirements play an important role in determining banks’ equity capital. We estimate equity capital regressions using panel data of a sample of 560 banks for 2004-2010. Our results suggest that regulatory capital requirements are not first order determinants of banks’ capital structure. We document differences on the effect of most factors on banks’ share of equity according to the type of bank and to the region of the bank. Finally, we show that the determinants of this share are sensitive to the recent international financial crisis and to a set of regulatory country factors.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Development of a processed cereal food fortified with iodĂne
Trabalho complementar (Trabalho de Investigação) realizado no âmbito da Unidade Curricular Estágio da Licenciatura em CiĂŞncias da Nutrição da Faculdade de CiĂŞncias da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, sob orientação de Professora Doutora OlĂvia Maria de Castro Pinho (Faculdade de CiĂŞncias da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto) e coorientação de Prof.ÂŞ Doutora Bela Franchini (Faculdade de CiĂŞncias da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto) e Dr.ÂŞ Maria Cristina Duarte Teixeira Santos (Faculdade de CiĂŞncias da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto)Resumo da tese: Uma ingestĂŁo deficiente ou excessiva de iodo pode resultar em sĂ©rios problemas patolĂłgicos, maioritariamente relacionados com o metabolismo da glândula tirĂłide, o que pode representar uma ameaça direta para o Homem. Assim Ă© importante que a ingestĂŁo deste mineral seja adequada, de acordo com a ingestĂŁo diária recomendada. Deste modo, foi objetivo deste estudo desenvolver um produto cerealĂfero processado fortificado com iodo, sem recorrer Ă utilização de sal iodado, como medida profilática de combate Ă deficiĂŞncia em iodo. Foram formuladas quatro receitas de bolachas na totalidade. As diferentes receitas continham um nĂvel crescente de iodeto de potássio nomeadamente, 0,5; 0,75 e 1mg por 100g de farinha, enquanto a uma destas nĂŁo foi adicionado iodeto de potássio. O iodo foi determinando por cromatografia lĂquida de elevada performance com par iĂłnico em fase reversa e deteção em ultravioleta, um mĂ©todo simples, prático e sensĂvel. A preparação da amostra foi realizada atravĂ©s de um mĂ©todo de cinzas em meio alcalino, obtendo-se uma recuperação de extração mĂ©dia de 77,1%. A concentração de iodo encontrada nas bolachas foi substancialmente menor do que a concentração de iodo adicionado, visto que a sua recuperação mĂ©dia nas trĂŞs receitas distintas foi de 6,3% 7,7% e 7,9%, respetivamente.Thesis abstract: Deficient or excessive iodine dietary intake can result in serious pathology problems, mostly in relation with thyroid gland metabolism which may represent a direct threat to the human being. Therefore it is important that the intake of this mineral is adequate according to the recommended daily intake. It was the aim of this study to develop a processed cereal food fortified with iodine such as a prophylactic measure to combat iodine deficiency without using iodized salt. A total of four recipes of sweet biscuits were formulated. Different recipes contain increasing levels of potassium iodide, to be precise 0.5, 0.75 and 1mg per 100g flour and one of them didn´t have any addition of potassium iodide. The iodine was determined by an ion-pair reversed-phase HPLC with ultraviolet detection, a simple, practical and sensitive method. Sample preparation was done by alkaline dry ashing, and therefore a mean extraction recovery of iodine of 77.1% was obtained. The iodine concentration found in the sweet biscuits was substantially lower than the iodine concentration added. The mean recovery of iodine at the three different recipes was 6.3% 7.7% and 7.9%, respectively. verified
The Interpretation of Verbal Probability Expressions Used in the IAS/IFRS: Some Portuguese Evidence
One of the main arguments in favour of the adoption and convergence
with the international accounting standards published by the IASB (i.e.
IAS/IFRS) is that these will allow comparability of financial reporting across
countries. However, because these standards use verbal probability expressions
(e.g. “probable”) they require professional accountants to interpret and classify
the probability of an outcome or event taking into account those terms and
expressions and to best decide in terms of financial reporting.
This paper reports part of a research on the interpretation of verbal probability
expressions used in the IAS/IFRS by the auditors registered with the Portuguese
Securities Market Commission (CMVM). This analysis was made “in isolation”,
that is, without considering a context.
The findings show that these terms and expressions are differently perceived by
the auditors. Thus the paper provides evidence that suggests that it is fair to
review the use of verbal probability expressions in accounting standards,
namely the IAS/IFRS
Ecohydraulics of pool-type fishways for the Iberian Barbal (Luciobarbus Bocagei Steindachner, 1864)
Doutoramento em Engenharia Florestal - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaThis study analyses the impact of different hydraulic conditions on the Iberian barbel’s
upstream movements in a pool-type fishway. Developed in an experiment pool-type fishway
prototype and including fish of different sizes, this study investigates: i) the efficiency of
passage through submerged orifices or notches; ii) the effect of velocity, turbulence and
Reynolds shear stress on this species’ behaviour; iii) the suitability of straight and offset
orifices to fish’s passage and, finally, iv) the efficiency of offset and straight orifices with a
deflector bar for this specimens’ movements. The fishways was found to be efficient to the
upstream passage of this species. Submerged orifices were preferentially used by specimens,
mainly by small fish which, although their higher rheotatic capacity, showed strong
difficulties to pass through the fishway. The behaviour of the latter was also the most affected
by turbulence and Reynolds shear stress, which seemed to be the variables affecting fish’
movements the most. Straight orifices were found not be adequate to fish passage, even when
added of a deflector bar. The results are discussed in terms of future research delineation
Unspliced Precursors of NMD-Sensitive β-Globin Transcripts Exhibit Decreased Steady-State Levels in Erythroid Cells.
This work was partially supported by Fundac¸a˜o para a Cieˆncia e a Tecnologia [Programa de Financiamento Plurianual do Centro de Investigac¸a˜o em
Gene´tica Molecular Humana (CIGMH) and Center for Biodiversity, Functional and Integrative Genomics (BioFIG)]. AM, FA and ALS were supported by fellowships
from Fundac¸a˜o para a Cieˆncia e a Tecnologia (SFRH/BD/31920/2006, PRAXIS XXI/BPD/18880/98 and SFRH/BD/8351/2002, respectively). No additional external
funding was received for this study. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscrip.Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a quality control mechanism that detects and rapidly degrades mRNAs carrying premature translation-termination codons (PTCs). Mammalian NMD depends on both splicing and translation, and requires recognition of the premature stop codon by the cytoplasmic ribosomes. Surprisingly, some published data have suggested that nonsense codons may also affect the nuclear metabolism of the nonsense-mutated transcripts. To determine if nonsense codons could influence nuclear events, we have directly assessed the steady-state levels of the unspliced transcripts of wild-type and PTC-containing human β-globin genes stably transfected in mouse erythroleukemia (MEL) cells, after erythroid differentiation induction, or in HeLa cells. Our analyses by ribonuclease protection assays and reverse transcription-coupled quantitative PCR show that β-globin pre-mRNAs carrying NMD-competent PTCs, but not those containing a NMD-resistant PTC, exhibit a significant decrease in their steady-state levels relatively to the wild-type or to a missense-mutated β-globin pre-mRNA. On the contrary, in HeLa cells, human β-globin pre-mRNAs carrying NMD-competent PTCs accumulate at normal levels. Functional analyses of these pre-mRNAs in MEL cells demonstrate that their low steady-state levels do not reflect significantly lower pre-mRNA stabilities when compared to the normal control. Furthermore, our results also provide evidence that the relative splicing efficiencies of intron 1 and 2 are unaffected. This set of data highlights potential nuclear pathways that might be promoter- and/or cell line-specific, which recognize the NMD-sensitive transcripts as abnormal. These specialized nuclear pathway(s) may be superimposed on the general NMD mechanism.publishersversionpublishe
DivergĂŞncias entre a contabilidade e a fiscalidade: a perspetiva dos Contabilistas Certificados
A relação entre a contabilidade e a fiscalidade, tal como o grau de conformidade e divergĂŞncias entre elas, tem sido alvo de grande controvĂ©rsia quer a nĂvel nacional, quer a nĂvel internacional. Estando as diferenças entre os dois normativos e, consequentemente, a problemática da relação entre a contabilidade e a fiscalidade fortemente relacionadas com as diferenças nos objetivos de cada uma das disciplinas, bem como com a influĂŞncia que uma pode exercer sobre a outra.
Neste âmbito, pretende-se identificar e analisar as principais divergĂŞncias entre as normas contabilĂsticas e as normas fiscais e entender o que Ă©, maioritariamente, feito em Portugal em cada situação de divergĂŞncia analisada, se sĂŁo utilizadas as normas fiscais ou as normas contabilĂsticas, bem como se existe influĂŞncia da fiscalidade nas práticas contabilĂsticas.
Para este efeito e, como em Portugal grande parte das empresas recorre Ă contabilidade em regime de outsourcing, ou seja, recorrem aos serviços de Contabilistas Certificados externos Ă empresa, pretendo-mos entender o que Ă© feito por estes atravĂ©s de questionários feitos aos mesmos, avaliando desta forma qual o normativo escolhido pelos Contabilistas Certificados em diversas situações que exigem o seu julgamento profissional, bem como qual a opiniĂŁo dos mesmo relativamente Ă influĂŞncia que o normativo fiscal tem nas práticas contabilĂsticas.
As principais conclusões deste estudo mostram que em diversas situações os Contabilistas Certificados optam pela utilização das normas fiscais na preparação das Demonstrações Financeiras, revelando, tambĂ©m, que a fiscalidade tem uma forte influĂŞncia nas práticas contabilĂsticas e na atividade dos Contabilistas Certificados.The relationship between accounting and taxation, as well as the degree of conformity and divergences between them, has been the subject of great controversy both nationally and internationally. The differences between the two regulations and, consequently, the problem of the relationship between accounting and taxation are strongly related to the difference in the objectives of each of the disciplines, as well as to the influence that one can exert on the other.
In this context, we intend to identify and analyze the main divergences between accounting standards and tax standards and understand what is mostly done in Portugal in each situation of divergence analyzed, whether tax or accounting standards are used, as well as whether there is any influence of taxation on the accounting practices.
For this purpose, and since in Portugal most companies use outsourced accounting, as in, they use the services of Certified Accountants from outside the company, we intend to understand what is done by them through questionnaires made to them, thus evaluating the normative chosen by Certified Accountants in several situations that require their professional judgment, as well as their opinion concerning the influence that tax norms have on accounting practices.
The main conclusions of this study show that in several situations Certified Accountants choose to use tax norms in the preparation of Financial Statements, also revealing that taxation has a strong influence on accounting practices and on the activity of Certified Accountants
Avaliação da resistência adesiva de resinas compostas na cimentação de restaurações indiretas CAD/CAM
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas MonizObjetivos: Avaliar a resistência adesiva de diferentes materiais na cimentação de restaurações indiretas, confecionadas em materiais distintos e classificar a falha em
relação ao tipo de fratura.
Materiais e mĂ©todos: Trinta molares hĂgidos foram submetidos ao selamento imediato
da dentina (IDS), após exposição da dentina média e simulação da smear layer numa
polidora com uma lixa de SiC (600 grit). ApĂłs 24 horas, os dentes foram divididos
aleatoriamente por 6 grupos consoante o tipo de material restaurador: resina composta
FiltekTM Z100 3M ESPE e LAVATM Ultimate 3M ESPE; e em função do material de
cimentação: FiltekTM Z100 3M ESPE, FiltekTM Bulk Fill 3M ESPE e RelyXTM Veneer 3M ESPE. As restaurações em resina composta FiltekTM Z100 3M ESPE foram aderidas Ă s coroas dos molares com FiltekTM Z100 3M ESPE (aquecida), FiltekTM Bulk Fill 3M ESPE (aquecida) e com RelyXTM Veneer 3M ESPE, tal como as restaurações em LAVATM Ultimate 3M ESPE. As amostras foram armazenadas 24 horas em água destilada, a 37ÂşC, e posteriormente seccionadas em palitos com uma lâmina diamantada a baixa rotação. Os espĂ©cimes foram tracionados Ă velocidade de 1 mm/min, atĂ© ocorrer fratura, registando-se um valor de resistĂŞncia adesiva em MPa. As fraturas resultantes foram classificadas como adesivas, coesivas ou mistas. Na análise estatĂstica foram aplicados os testes ANOVA two-way e Qui-Quadrado (p≤0,05).
Resultados: As diferenças entre os materiais utilizados na cimentação das diferentes
restaurações indiretas não são estatisticamente significativas. Dos materiais de cimentação, o RelyXTM Veneer obteve os valores de resistência adesiva mais elevados,
em ambas as restaurações indiretas. Todos os grupos obtiveram uma maioria de falhas do tipo adesivas.
Conclusão: A resistência adesiva da cimentação das restaurações indiretas estudadas não é influenciada pelos materiais utilizados.Objective: To evaluate the bond strength of different materials on the cementation of
indirect restorations, made of distinctive materials and to classify the failure in relation to
the type of fracture.
Materials and Method: Thirty caries-free molars were submitted to immediate dentin
sealing (IDS), after exposure of the medium dentin and smear layer simulation with a
sandpaper disc SiC (600 grit). After 24 hours, they were randomly divided into 6 groups
according to the restoration material: composite resin (FiltekTM Z100 3M ESPE) and
LAVATM Ultimate 3M ESPE; and in function of the adhesive material: FiltekTM Z100
3M ESPE, FiltekTM Bulk Fill 3M ESPE and RelyXTM Veneer 3M ESPE. Both types of
restorations were adhered either with FiltekTM Z100 3M ESPE, FiltekTM Bulk Fill 3M
ESPE or RelyXTM Veneer 3M ESPE. The samples were stored in distilled water, for 24
hours, at 37 ÂşC, and were than sectioned to obtain beams with a diamond blade at low
rotation. The specimens were pulled at a speed of 1 mm/min, until fracture occurred.
Bond strength values were registered in MPa. The resulting fractures were classified as
adhesive, cohesive or mixed. In the statistical analysis an ANOVA two-way and Chi-
Square tests (p≤0, 05) were applied.
Results: The differences between the materials used in the adhesion of both of the indirect restorations are not statistically significant. The higher levels of bond strength were obtained with the resin cement RelyXTM Veneer. All groups obtained a majority of
adhesive failures.
Conclusion: The bond strength of the indirect restorations studied is not influenced by
the materials used
Desenvolvimento de uma estratégia de comunicação digital para a promoção da marca de uma empresa B2B
Mestrado em Comunicação MultimĂ©diaVivemos num perĂodo de grandes e rápidas alterações sociais. O desenvolvimento das tecnologias da comunicação e informação resultou em grandes mudanças na sociedade, sendo a mais evidente o facto de o acesso Ă internet ser hoje uma regra e nĂŁo uma exceção. Este facto faz com que as empresas alterem a forma como distribuem a sua mensagem adaptando-se assim a um mundo mais digital. Apesar de muitas empresas business-toconsumer (B2C) já adotarem estratĂ©gias de comunicação mais digitais na promoção da sua marca, o mesmo nĂŁo se verifica nas empresas businessto- business (B2B). É neste sentido que nasce o propĂłsito desta investigação, que consiste em aplicar as estratĂ©gias de comunicação digital de empresas B2C num contexto B2B e analisar quais as que produzem melhores resultados. A metodologia seguida para o efeito foi a análise de várias estratĂ©gias de comunicação digital de empresas B2C e adaptá-las posteriormente Ă empresa B2B em estudo. Foram feitas análises quantitativas e qualitativas Ă s várias estratĂ©gias implementadas de maneira a compreender o seu impacto na promoção marca da empresa. Apesar dos resultados em relação Ă problemática nĂŁo terem sido conclusivos, foi possĂvel concluir que, no inicio da sua implementação, uma estratĂ©gia de comunicação digital tem um grande impacto na comunicação interna da empresa.We live in a time of big and quick social changes. The development of the information and communication technologies has resulted in major changes in the society, being the most evident the fact that Internet access is now a rule and not an exception. This makes companies change the way they distribute their message thus adapting to a more digital world. Although many business-toconsumer (B2C) companies are already adopting a more digital strategy in promoting their brand, the same isn’t true to business-to-business (B2B) companies. The purpose of this investigation is to apply digital communication strategies usual used in B2C companies in a B2B context. The methodology followed to meet this purpose was the analysis of several digital communication strategies of B2C companies and then adapting them to the B2B company under study. Quantitative and qualitative analyzes were carried out on the various
strategies implemented to see their impact on the brand. Although the results were not conclusive, it was possible to conclude that, at the beginning of its implementation, a digital communication strategy has a great impact on the internal communication of the company
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