Comparison between the rotary (Hyflex EDM®) and manual (k-file) technique for instrumentation of primary molars: a 12-month randomized clinical follow-up study

Rotational instrumentation is an alternative for the clinical practice of pediatric dentists. However, there are few records in the literature on the clinical and radiographic aspects of treated teeth over time. Objectives: Compare instrumentation time and filling quality between manual (k-file) and rotary (Hyflex EDM®) files, and clinically and radiographically follow-up the treated teeth for 12 months. Moreover, the characteristics of glass ionomer restorations and their interference in the treatment prognosis over time were evaluated. Methodology: In total, 40 children with pulp involvement in primary molars received treatment with Hyflex EDM® or manual rotary files, performed by an operator. Clinical and radiographic aspects were observed at different times to determine the effectiveness of each technique. Results: The rotary system reduced instrumentation time when compared to the use of manual files (p≤0.05), but there was no difference in filling quality between the groups (p≥0.05). Moreover, both types of instrumentation were effective for 12 months (p≥0.05), and restoration retention influenced the emergence of periapical lesions (p≤0.05). Conclusion: Although rotary files reduce clinical time, the clinical and radiographic aspects of both techniques were similar over 12 months. Moreover, restoration retention has been shown to be related to treatment prognosis

Participantes de ensayos clínicos en oncología : perfil y aspectos implicados en sus decisiones

Estudo sobre os participantes de ensaios clínicos na área de oncologia, discutindo o paradoxo entre progresso científico e iniquidade social. Buscou-se conhecer quem são essas pessoas e analisar aspectos envolvidos nas suas decisões, com base em entrevistas e documentos. Houve maior participação feminina. Os participantes tendem a ter poucos anos de estudo formal e baixa renda. A maioria é aposentada e do lar e não tem assistência à saúde privada. Suas decisões giraram em torno da busca pela cura ou melhora, e pela garantia de acesso regular a cuidados integrais de saúde e medicamentos. A assinatura do termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido não garantiu a expressão da autonomia, pois informações essenciais como os objetivos, riscos e cuidados pós-estudo são praticamente desconhecidas. Os participantes da pesquisa tendem a não compreender os objetivos da investigação, ou superestimam os benefícios médicos diretos de sua participação, sem consciência dos riscos envolvidos e do que significa uma pesquisa. Os resultados deveriam incitar ao exercício e ao diálogo mais críticos entre os diferentes atores e instituições envolvidos na área da pesquisa com seres humanos, objetivando promover uma ciência consciente e responsável, que impeça que pessoas sejam colocadas em situação de desigualdade, vulnerabilidade e sofrimento moral.This is a study about the participants of clinical trials in the field of oncology that discusses the paradox between scientific advances and social inequality. We sought to get to know these people and to analyze the aspects involved in their decisions based on interviews and documents. Female participation was more expressive. The participants tend to have low schooling and low income. Most of them are retirees and housewives, and do not get assistance from the private health system. Their decisions revolved around the search for cure or recovery, as well as for the assurance of regular access to comprehensive health care and medicines. Signing the free and informed consent form did not guarantee the expression of autonomy, because crucial information, such as the goals, risks and post-study care are virtually unknown. The research participants tend to not understand the goals of the investigation, or they overestimate the direct medical benefits of their participation, and they tend to be unaware of the risks involved and of what does a research mean. The results should stimulate more critical practices and dialogues among the different players and institutions involved in the field of the research with human subjects, with the goal of promoting a science that is conscious and responsible, and that prevents people from being put in situations of inequality, vulnerability and moral suffering.Estudio sobre los participantes de ensayos clínicos en el área de oncología, discutiendo la paradoja entre avance científico y desigualdad social. Se buscó conocer quiénes son esas personas y analizar los aspectos involucrados en sus decisiones, con base en entrevistas y documentos. Hubo mayor participación femenina. La tendencia es que los participantes tienen pocos años de estudio formal y bajos ingresos. La mayoría es jubilada y ama de casa, y no tiene asistencia médica privada. Sus decisiones giraron en torno a la búsqueda de la cura o una mejora, y el acceso regular garantizado a la atención médica integral y a los medicamentos. La firma del formulario de consentimiento voluntario e informado no constituyó una expresión de autonomía, ya que información esencial como objetivos, riesgos y cuidados posteriores al estudio es prácticamente desconocida. Los participantes de la investigación tienden a no comprender los objetivos de la investigación, o sobreestiman los beneficios médicos directos de su participación, sin ser conscientes de los riesgos implicados y lo que significa una investigación. Los resultados deberían incitar al ejercicio y al diálogo más críticos entre los diferentes actores e instituciones involucrados en el área de la investigación con seres humanos, a fin de promover un entendimiento consciente y responsable, que impida que las personas sean colocadas en situación de desigualdad, vulnerabilidad y sufrimiento moral

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

O autoconceito é um atributo interveniente no estilo de liderança de treinadores de futsal de alto rendimento?

In the sporting contexts, self-concept has been pointed out as a fundamental psychological attribute for the performance of coaches and athletes, focusing on the control of emotions and expectations of success or failure. The impact of self-concept on the leadership style of Brazilian coaches was investigated among coaches and technical auxiliaries/physical trainers (n=40) of teams participants of Futsal National League 2013 and the Brazilian national team. The instruments were the Factorial Scale of Self-Concept and Leadership in Sport Scale. Data were analyzed through Repeated Measures Anova, Spearman correlation, Simple and Multiple Regression (p<0.05). Results showed positive and significant correlations (p<0.05) between the Training-Instruction and Reinforcement styles with most of the self-concept dimensions. Social Support correlated positively with Social Responsiveness (r=0.34) and Autocratic Style correlated negatively with Social Attitude (r=-0.38). There was a moderate effect (β>0.20) of Social Attitude toward Autocratic, Safety toward Training-Instruction and SelfControl toward Training-Instruction and Reinforcement styles. It was concluded that Brazilian futsal coaches and physical trainers perform a leadership oriented towards performance and positive reinforcement, with self-concept associated to the adoption of these styles.No cenário esportivo, o autoconceito tem sido apontado como um atributo psicológico fundamental para o desempenho de treinadores e atletas, incidindo sobre o controle das emoções e as expectativas de êxito ou fracasso. Investigou-se o impacto do autoconceito no estilo de liderança de treinadores brasileiros. Participaram treinadores e auxiliares técnicos/preparadores físicos (n=40) de equipas da Liga Nacional de Futsal e da seleção brasileira. Os instrumentos foram a Escala Fatorial de Autoconceito e a Escala de Liderança no Desporto. Os dados foram analisados pela Anova de Medidas Repetidas, correlação de Spearman, Regressão Simples e Múltipla (p<0,05). Verificou-se correlações positivas e significativas (p<0,05) entre os comportamentos de Treino-Instrução e Reforço com a maioria das dimensões de autoconceito. O Suporte Social se correlacionou positivamente com a Receptividade Social (p= 0,34) e o estilo Autocrático negativamente com a Atitude Social (p=-0,38). Observou-se efeito moderado (β>0,20) da Atitude Social sobre estilo Autocrático, da Segurança sobre o Treino-Instrução e do Autocontrole sobre os comportamentos de Treino-Instrução e Reforço. Concluiuse que os treinadores/auxiliares brasileiros de futsal e preparadores físicos exercem a liderança voltada ao desempenho e reforço positivo, com autoconceito associado à adoção desses estilos.En el escenario deportivo, el autoconcepto ha sido señalado como un atributo psicológico fundamental para el desempeño de entrenadores y atletas, incidiendo sobre el control de las emociones y las expectativas de éxito o fracaso. Se investigó el impacto del autoconcepto en el estilo de liderazgo de los entrenadores brasileños. Participaron entrenadores y preparadores físicos (n=40) de equipos de la Liga Nacional de Futsal 2013 y de la selección brasileña. Los instrumentos fueron la Escala Factorial de Autoconcepto y Escala de Liderazgo en el Deporte. Los datos fueron analizados por la Anova de Medidas Repetidas, correlación de Spearman, Regresión Simple y Múltiple (p<0,05). Se verificaron correlaciones positivas y significativas (p<0,05) entre los estilos Entrenamiento-Instrucción y Refuerzo con la mayoría de las dimensiones de autoconcepto. El Apoyo Social se correlacionó positivamente con la Receptividad Social (r=0,34) y el estilo Autocrático negativamente con la Actitud Social (r=-0,38). Se observó un efecto moderado (β >0,20) de la Actitud Social sobre el estilo Autocrático, de la Seguridad sobre el Entrenamiento-Instrucción y Autocontrol sobre los estilos Entrenamiento-Instrucción y Refuerzo. Se concluyó que los entrenadores brasileños y preparadores físicos ejercen un liderazgo orientado al desempeño y refuerzo positivo, con autoconcepto asociado a la adopción en los estilos

Participantes de ensayos clínicos en oncología : perfil y aspectos implicados en sus decisiones

Estudo sobre os participantes de ensaios clínicos na área de oncologia, discutindo o paradoxo entre progresso científico e iniquidade social. Buscou-se conhecer quem são essas pessoas e analisar aspectos envolvidos nas suas decisões, com base em entrevistas e documentos. Houve maior participação feminina. Os participantes tendem a ter poucos anos de estudo formal e baixa renda. A maioria é aposentada e do lar e não tem assistência à saúde privada. Suas decisões giraram em torno da busca pela cura ou melhora, e pela garantia de acesso regular a cuidados integrais de saúde e medicamentos. A assinatura do termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido não garantiu a expressão da autonomia, pois informações essenciais como os objetivos, riscos e cuidados pós-estudo são praticamente desconhecidas. Os participantes da pesquisa tendem a não compreender os objetivos da investigação, ou superestimam os benefícios médicos diretos de sua participação, sem consciência dos riscos envolvidos e do que significa uma pesquisa. Os resultados deveriam incitar ao exercício e ao diálogo mais críticos entre os diferentes atores e instituições envolvidos na área da pesquisa com seres humanos, objetivando promover uma ciência consciente e responsável, que impeça que pessoas sejam colocadas em situação de desigualdade, vulnerabilidade e sofrimento moral.This is a study about the participants of clinical trials in the field of oncology that discusses the paradox between scientific advances and social inequality. We sought to get to know these people and to analyze the aspects involved in their decisions based on interviews and documents. Female participation was more expressive. The participants tend to have low schooling and low income. Most of them are retirees and housewives, and do not get assistance from the private health system. Their decisions revolved around the search for cure or recovery, as well as for the assurance of regular access to comprehensive health care and medicines. Signing the free and informed consent form did not guarantee the expression of autonomy, because crucial information, such as the goals, risks and post-study care are virtually unknown. The research participants tend to not understand the goals of the investigation, or they overestimate the direct medical benefits of their participation, and they tend to be unaware of the risks involved and of what does a research mean. The results should stimulate more critical practices and dialogues among the different players and institutions involved in the field of the research with human subjects, with the goal of promoting a science that is conscious and responsible, and that prevents people from being put in situations of inequality, vulnerability and moral suffering.Estudio sobre los participantes de ensayos clínicos en el área de oncología, discutiendo la paradoja entre avance científico y desigualdad social. Se buscó conocer quiénes son esas personas y analizar los aspectos involucrados en sus decisiones, con base en entrevistas y documentos. Hubo mayor participación femenina. La tendencia es que los participantes tienen pocos años de estudio formal y bajos ingresos. La mayoría es jubilada y ama de casa, y no tiene asistencia médica privada. Sus decisiones giraron en torno a la búsqueda de la cura o una mejora, y el acceso regular garantizado a la atención médica integral y a los medicamentos. La firma del formulario de consentimiento voluntario e informado no constituyó una expresión de autonomía, ya que información esencial como objetivos, riesgos y cuidados posteriores al estudio es prácticamente desconocida. Los participantes de la investigación tienden a no comprender los objetivos de la investigación, o sobreestiman los beneficios médicos directos de su participación, sin ser conscientes de los riesgos implicados y lo que significa una investigación. Los resultados deberían incitar al ejercicio y al diálogo más críticos entre los diferentes actores e instituciones involucrados en el área de la investigación con seres humanos, a fin de promover un entendimiento consciente y responsable, que impida que las personas sean colocadas en situación de desigualdad, vulnerabilidad y sufrimiento moral.Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde (FS)Departamento de Saúde Coletiva (FS DSC

PARTICIPANTES DE ENSAIOS CLÍNICOS EM ONCOLOGIA: PERFIL E ASPECTOS ENVOLVIDOS NAS SUAS DECISÕES

Resumo Estudo sobre os participantes de ensaios clínicos na área de oncologia, discutindo o paradoxo entre progresso científico e iniquidade social. Buscou-se conhecer quem são essas pessoas e analisar aspectos envolvidos nas suas decisões, com base em entrevistas e documentos. Houve maior participação feminina. Os participantes tendem a ter poucos anos de estudo formal e baixa renda. A maioria é aposentada e do lar e não tem assistência à saúde privada. Suas decisões giraram em torno da busca pela cura ou melhora, e pela garantia de acesso regular a cuidados integrais de saúde e medicamentos. A assinatura do termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido não garantiu a expressão da autonomia, pois informações essenciais como os objetivos, riscos e cuidados pós-estudo são praticamente desconhecidas. Os participantes da pesquisa tendem a não compreender os objetivos da investigação, ou superestimam os benefícios médicos diretos de sua participação, sem consciência dos riscos envolvidos e do que significa uma pesquisa. Os resultados deveriam incitar ao exercício e ao diálogo mais críticos entre os diferentes atores e instituições envolvidos na área da pesquisa com seres humanos, objetivando promover uma ciência consciente e responsável, que impeça que pessoas sejam colocadas em situação de desigualdade, vulnerabilidade e sofrimento moral