Delineation of Traffic Analysis Zone for Public Transportation OD Matrix Estimation Based on Socio-spatial Practices

This paper aims to develop and validate an efficient method for delineation of public transit analysis zones (PTTAZ), particularly for origin-destination (OD) matrix prediction for transit operation planning. Existing methods have a problem in reflecting the level of spatial precision, travel characteristics, travel demand growth, access to transit stations, and most importantly, the direction of transit routes. This study proposes a new methodology to redelineate existing traffic analysis zones (TAZ) to create PTTAZ in order to allocate travel demand to transit stops. We aim to achieve an accurate prediction of the OD matrix for public transportation (PT). The matrix should reflect the passenger accessibility in the socioeconomic and socio-spatial characterization of PTTAZ and minimize intrazonal trips. The proposed methodology transforms TAZ-based to PTTAZ-based data with sequential steps through multiple statistical methods. In short, the generation of PTTAZ establishes homogeneous sub-zones representing the relationship between passenger flow, network structure, land use, population, socio-economic characteristics, and, most importantly, existing bus transit infrastructure. To validate the proposed scheme, we implement the framework for India’s Vishakhapatnam bus network and compare the results with the household survey. The results show that the PTTAZ-based OD matrix represents a realistic scenario for PT demand

Accuracy of endoscopic ultrasonography for determination of tumor invasion depth in gastric cancer

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is one the common lethal cancers in Iran. Detection of GC in the early stages would assesses to improve the survival of patients. In this study, we attempt to evaluate the accuracy of EUS in detection depth of invasion of GC among Iranian Patients. Materials and Methods: This study is a retrospective study of patients with pathologically confirmed GC. They underwent EUS before initiating the treatment. The accuracy of EUS and agreement between the two methods was evaluated by comparing pre treatment EUS finding with post operative histopathological results. Results: The overall accuracy of EUS for T and N staging was 67.9 and 75.47, respectively. Underestimation and overestimation was seen in 22 (14.2) and 40 (25.6) respectively. The EUS was more accurate in large tumors and the tumors located in the middle and lower parts of the stomach. The EUS was more sensitive in T3 staging. The values of weighted Kappa from the T and N staging were 0.53 and 0.66, respectively. Conclusions: EUS is a useful modality for evaluating the depth of invasion of GC. The accuracy of EUS was higher if the tumor was located in the lower parts of the stomach and the size of the tumor was more than 3 cm. Therefore, judgments made upon other criteria evaluated in this study need to be reconsidered

Relationship between QRS complex notch and ventricular dyssynchrony in patients with heart failure and prolonged QRS duration

Background: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has been accepted as an established therapy for advanced systolic heart failure. Electrical and mechanical dyssynchrony are usually evaluated to increase the percentage of CRT responders. We postulated that QRS notch can increase mechanical LV dyssynchrony independently of other known predictors such as left ventricular ejection fraction and QRS duration. Methods: A total of 87 consecutive patients with advanced systolic heart failure and QRS duration more than 120 ms with an LBBB-like pattern in V1 were prospectively evaluated. Twelve-lead electrocardiogram was used for detection of QRS notch. Complete echocardiographic examination including tissue Doppler imaging, pulse wave Doppler and M-mode echocardiography were done for all patients. Results: Eighty-seven patients, 65 male (75) and 22 female (25), with mean (SD) age of 56.7 (12.3) years were enrolled the study. Ischemic cardiomyopathy was the underlying heart disease in 58 of the subjects, and in the others it was idiopathic. Patients had a mean (SD) QRS duration of 155.13 (23.34) ms. QRS notch was seen in 49.4 of the patients in any of two precordial or limb leads. Interventricular mechanical delay was the only mechanical dyssynchrony index that was significantly longer in the group of patients with QRS notch. Multivariate analysis revealed that the observed association was actually caused by the effect of QRS duration, rather than the presence of notch per se. Conclusions: QRS notch was not an independent predictor of higher mechanical dyssynchrony indices in patients with wide QRS complex and symptomatic systolic heart failure; however, there was a borderline association between QRS notch and interventricular delay. © 2008 Via Medica

Secondary Endoleak Management Following TEVAR and EVAR.

Endovascular abdominal and thoracic aortic aneurysm repair and are widely used to treat increasingly complex aneurysms. Secondary endoleaks, defined as those detected more than 30 days after the procedure and after previous negative imaging, remain a challenge for aortic specialists, conferring a need for long-term surveillance and reintervention. Endoleaks are classified on the basis of their anatomic site and aetiology. Type 1 and type 2 endoleaks (EL1 and EL2) are the most common endoleaks necessitating intervention. The management of these requires an understanding of their mechanics, and the risk of sac enlargement and rupture due to increased sac pressure. Endovascular techniques are the main treatment approach to manage secondary endoleaks. However, surgery should be considered where endovascular treatments fail to arrest aneurysm growth. This chapter reviews the aetiology, significance, management strategy and techniques for different endoleak types

ATHENA Detector Proposal — A Totally Hermetic Electron Nucleus Apparatus Proposed for IP6 at the Electron-Ion Collider

ATHENA has been designed as a general purpose detector capable of delivering the full scientific scope of the Electron-Ion Collider. Careful technology choices provide fine tracking and momentum resolution, high performance electromagnetic and hadronic calorimetry, hadron identification over a wide kinematic range, and near-complete hermeticity. This article describes the detector design and its expected performance in the most relevant physics channels. It includes an evaluation of detector technology choices, the technical challenges to realizing the detector and the R&D required to meet those challenges

Climate Vulnerability and the Cost of Debt

We use indices from the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative to investigate the impact of climate vulnerability on bond yields. Our methodology invokes panel ordinary least squares with robust standard errors and principal component analysis. The latter serves to address the multicollinearity between a set of vulnerability measures. We find that countries with higher exposure to climate vulnerability, such as the member countries of the V20 climate vulnerable forum, exhibit 1.174 percent higher cost of debt on average. This effect is significant after accounting for a set of macroeconomic controls. Specifically, we estimate the incremental debt cost due to higher climate vulnerability, for the V20 countries, to have exceeded USD 62 billion over the last ten years. In other words, for every ten dollars they pay in interest cost, they pay another dollar for being climate vulnerable. We also find that a measure of social readiness, which includes education and infrastructure, has a negative and significant effect on bond yields, implying that social and physical investments can mitigate climate risk related debt costs and help to stabilize the cost of debt for vulnerable countries

NEMO: A Project for a km3^3 Underwater Detector for Astrophysical Neutrinos in the Mediterranean Sea

The status of the project is described: the activity on long term characterization of water optical and oceanographic parameters at the Capo Passero site candidate for the Mediterranean km$^3$ neutrino telescope; the feasibility study; the physics performances and underwater technology for the km$^3$; the activity on NEMO Phase 1, a technological demonstrator that has been deployed at 2000 m depth 25 km offshore Catania; the realization of an underwater infrastructure at 3500 m depth at the candidate site (NEMO Phase 2).Comment: Proceeding of ISCRA 2006, Erice 20-27 June 200

Supernova Model Discrimination with Hyper-Kamiokande

[EN] Core-collapse supernovae are among the most magnificent events in the observable universe. They produce many of the chemical elements necessary for life to exist and their remnants-neutron stars and black holes-are interesting astrophysical objects in their own right. However, despite millennia of observations and almost a century of astrophysical study, the explosion mechanism of core-collapse supernovae is not yet well understood. Hyper-Kamiokande is a next-generation neutrino detector that will be able to observe the neutrino flux from the next galactic core-collapse supernova in unprecedented detail. We focus on the first 500 ms of the neutrino burst, corresponding to the accretion phase, and use a newly-developed, high-precision supernova event generator to simulate Hyper-Kamiokande's response to five different supernova models. We show that Hyper-Kamiokande will be able to distinguish between these models with high accuracy for a supernova at a distance of up to 100 kpc. Once the next galactic supernova happens, this ability will be a powerful tool for guiding simulations toward a precise reproduction of the explosion mechanism observed in nature.We thank MacKenzie Warren, Ken'ichiro Nakazato, Tomonori Totani, Adam Burrows, David Vartanyan, and Irene Tamborra for access to the supernova models used in this work and for answering various related questions. This work was supported by MEXT Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas titled "Exploration of Particle Physics and Cosmology with Neutrinos" under grant No. 18H05535, 18H05536, and 18H5537. In addition, participation of individual researchers has been further supported by funds from JSPS, Japan; the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme H2020 grant Nos. RISE-GA822070-JENNIFER2 2020 and RISEGA872549-SK2HK; SSTF-BA1402-06, NRF grant Nos. 20090083526, NRF-2015R1A2A1A05001869, NRF-2016R1D1A 1A02936965, NRF-2016R1D1A3B02010606, NRF-2017R1 A2B4012757, and NRF-2018R1A6A1A06024970 funded by the Korean government (MSIP); JSPS-RFBR Grant #20-5250010/20 and the Ministry of Science and Higher Education under contract #075-15-2020-778, Russia; Brazilian Funding agencies, CNPq and CAPES; STFC ST/R00031X/2, ST/T002891/1, ST/V002872/1, Consolidated Grants, UKRI MR/S032843/1 and MR/S034102/1, UK. Software: BONSAI.(Smy 2007), sntools. (Migenda et al. 2021), WCSim, 124. matplotlib.(Hunter 2007), NumPy.(van der Walt et al. 2011), SciPy.(Virtanen et al. 2020)Abe, K.; Adrich, P.; Aihara, H.; Akutsu, R.; Alekseev, I.; Ali, A.; Ameli, F.... (2021). Supernova Model Discrimination with Hyper-Kamiokande. The Astrophysical Journal. 916(1):1-17. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abf7c4117916

Performance of the First ANTARES Detector Line

In this paper we report on the data recorded with the first Antares detector line. The line was deployed on the 14th of February 2006 and was connected to the readout two weeks later. Environmental data for one and a half years of running are shown. Measurements of atmospheric muons from data taken from selected runs during the first six months of operation are presented. Performance figures in terms of time residuals and angular resolution are given. Finally the angular distribution of atmospheric muons is presented and from this the depth profile of the muon intensity is derived.Comment: 14 pages, 9 figure