CLASS-BASED AFFINITY PROPAGATION FOR HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGE DIMENSIONALITY REDUCTION AND IMPROVEMENT OF MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD CLASSIFICATION ACCURACY

This paper investigates an alternative classification method that integrates class-based affinity propagation (CAP) clustering algorithm and maximum likelihood classifier (MLC) with the purpose of overcome the MLC limitations in the classification of high dimensionality data, and thus improve its accuracy. The new classifier was named CAP-MLC, and comprises two approaches, spectral feature selection and image classification. CAP clustering algorithm was used to perform the image dimensionality reduction and feature selection while the MLC was employed for image classification. The performance of MLC in terms of classification accuracy and processing time is determined as a function of the selection rate achieved in the CAP clustering stage. The performance of CAP-MLC has been evaluated and validated using two hyperspectral scenes from the Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) and the Hyperspectral Digital Imagery Collection Experiment (HYDICE). Classification results show that CAP-MLC observed an enormous improvement in accuracy, reaching 94.15% and 96.47% respectively for AVIRIS and HYDICE if compared with MLC, which had 85.42% and 81.50%. These values obtained by CAP-MLC improved the MLC classification accuracy in 8.73% and 14.97% for these images. The results also show that CAP-MLC performed well, even for classes with limited training samples, surpassing the limitations of MLC

Análisis comparativo de la resistencia a la compresión y rigidez de un hormigón ordinario en relación a uno reforzado con fibras de polipropileno expuesto a temperaturas altas

The present academic paper analyzed a general approach of compressive strength and rigidity behavior, through of modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s ratio of a concrete. Variables utilized were polypropylene reinforcement in percentages corresponding to 0.30 % and 0.50% of cement weight; as well as laboratory furnace exposure, with the aim to emulate the increase of the temperature that happens progressively during a fire, using different temperatures (room temperature, 130°C and 180°C). In order to obtain this data, standard cylinders were manufactured for further testing. From obtained results was concluded that the optimum percentage of polypropylene fiber considering the exposure to high temperatures was 0.50%, since it reported a significant increase in compressive strength, which would mean the preservation of the supposed structure in case of being exposed to a fire. Besides, the mechanical properties that trigger concrete´s rigidity showed results of modulus of elasticity close to those established by regulations, and Poisson’ ratio values obtained were close to those established in the bibliography.En el presente artículo académico se analizó un acercamiento al comportamiento de la resistencia a la compresión y la rigidez, mediante el cálculo del módulo de elasticidad y coeficiente de Poisson de un hormigón. Las variables utilizadas fueron el refuerzo del hormigón con fibras de polipropileno en porcentajes correspondientes al 0.30% y 0.50% del peso del cemento; así como la exposición a un horno de laboratorio, con la intención de emular el aumento de la temperatura que sucede progresivamente en un incendio, variando entre temperatura ambiente, 130°C y 180°C. Para obtener estos datos se fabricaron cilindros normalizados para su posterior ensayo. De los resultados obtenidos se concluyó que el porcentaje óptimo de fibra de polipropileno tomando en cuenta la exposición a temperaturas altas fue del 0.50%, ya que reportó un incremento significativo en la resistencia a la compresión, lo que significaría la preservación de esta supuesta estructura en caso de verse expuesta a un incendio. Por otro lado las propiedades mecánicas indicativas de rigidez del hormigón, arrojaron resultados de módulo de elasticidad cercanos a los que establece la normativa, y se obtuvieron valores de coeficiente de Poisson cercanos al rango establecido en la bibliografía

DETECÇÃO AUTOMÁTICA DE CONTORNOS DE EDIFICAÇÕES UTILIZANDO IMAGEM GERADA POR CÂMARA DIGITAL DE PEQUENO FORMATO E DADOS LIDAR

This work presents a methodology to automatically extract 2D building contours from the integration between a small format digital camera image and laser scanning raw data. The external image orientation and internal camera orientation parameters are assumed to be known. As a common space to integrate  information from both sources it is used the image space without distortion. To remove systematic errors in the original image, the Newton-Raphson iterative method for simultaneous equation is used in a resampling process to this space. At this step, allthe pixels have color and altitude associated information. The RGB color values are transformed to (almost isotropic) CIELUV color space and the image is segmented according to these values, by mean shift algorithm. The forward steps filter the gotten segments, using colors (to remove green vegetation), medium altitude of a region comparing it with the altitude of its neighbours (to preserve high regions), and polygonal simplification degree (Douglas-Peucker), attempting to detect linear features. Several experiments realized over a Centro Politécnico - UFPR area, inCuritiba/PR, are discussed, with good results for isolated buildings.Este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia para detectar contornos de edificaçõesautomaticamente, a partir da integração de imagem tomada por câmara digital não fotogramétrica com dados de varredura LASER. Assume-se o conhecimento da orientação exterior da imagem e orientação interior da câmara. Como espaçocomum de trabalho, das informações provenientes da imagem e dos dados LASER, usa-se o espaço-imagem, isento de distorções relativas à câmara digital não fotogramétrica. Para a remoção dos erros sistemáticos, contidos na imagem original, emprega-se o método iterativo de Newton-Raphson para sistemas de equações,corrigindo a imagem. Essa imagem é segmentada, segundo suas cores, no espaço de cores CIELUV, via algoritmo de deslocamento pela média (mean shift). Realiza-se, a seguir, uma avaliação dos segmentos gerados, segundo propriedades como tons de verde (removendo vegetação), altitude média de regiões frente a  regiões vizinhas (preservando regiões altas), e grau de simplificação do polígono envolvente (usando o algoritmo de Douglas-Peucker), sempre com objetivo de identificar feiçõesretilíneas (edificações potenciais). Diversos experimentos realizados sobre área do Centro Politécnico - UFPR, em Curitiba/PR, são discutidos, com resultados promissores para edificações isoladas

Parestesia lingual: un síntoma poco común de hipoglucemia

Presentamos una mujer de 42 años quien consultó por parestesia lingual y ganancia de 10 Kg de peso, sin síntomas clásicos de hipoglucemia, a quién se le encontró una glucemia en ayunas de 46 mg/dl (2,6 mmol/L) con insulina y péptido C concomitantes de 10,2 µU/ml (73,2 pmol/L) y 2,14 ng/dl (79,2 nmol/L) respectivamente. Hallazgos similares fueron encontrados en una segunda ocasión. La resonancia magnética del páncreas mostró una lesión de 1,7 x 1,3 cm dependiente del reborde superior del cuerpo, la cual fue extirpada vía laparoscopia. Patología reveló un tumor neuroendocrino con inmunohistoquímica positiva para insulina, cromogranina y sinaptofisina. La parestesia lingual desapareció y la glucosa se normalizó. La tríada de Whipple no siempre está presente en pacientes con hipoglucemia, mientras que la parestesia lingual debe considerarse para la evaluación de estos pacientes. Abstract We report on a 42 years old female who consulted because of lingual paresthesia and 10 kg weight gain but without classic symptoms of hypoglycemia, who had a fasting blood glucose of 46 mg/dl (2.6 mmol/L) with a concomitant insulin a C-peptide of 10.2 µU/ml (73.2 pmol/L) and 2.14 ng/dl (79.2 nmol/L) respectively. Similar findings were obtained on a second occasion. Magnetic resonance of the pancreas revealed a 1.7 x 1.3 cm lesion dependent of the superior border of the body which was removed by laparoscopy. Pathology showed a neuroendocrine tumor with positive immmunohistochemistry for insulin, chromogranin and synaptophysin. Lingual paresthesia disappeared and blood glucose was normalized. Patients with lingual paresthesia should be evaluated for hypoglycemia even in the absent of a classic Whipple triad

Development of a Model of Pediatric Lung Failure Pathophysiology

A pediatric artificial lung (PAL) is under development as a bridge to transplantation or lung remodeling for children with end-stage lung failure (ESLF). To evaluate the efficiency of a PAL, a disease model mimicking the physiologic derangements of pediatric ESLF is needed. Our previous right pulmonary artery (rPA) ligation model (rPA-LM) achieved that goal, but caused immediate mortality in nearly half of the animals. In this study, we evaluated a new technique of gradual postoperative right pulmonary artery occlusion using a Rummel tourniquet (rPA-RT) in seven (25–40 kg) sheep. This technique created a stable model of ESLF pathophysiology, characterized by high alveolar dead space (58.0% ± 3.8%), pulmonary hypertension (38.4 ± 2.2 mm Hg), tachypnea (79 ± 20 breaths per minute), and intermittent supplemental oxygen requirement. This improvement to our technique provides the necessary physiologic derangements for testing a PAL, whereas avoiding the problem of high immediate perioperative mortality

Results From the Global Rheumatology Alliance Registry

Funding Information: We acknowledge financial support from the ACR and EULAR. The ACR and EULAR were not involved in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Authors. ACR Open Rheumatology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Rheumatology.Objective: Some patients with rheumatic diseases might be at higher risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We aimed to develop a prediction model for COVID-19 ARDS in this population and to create a simple risk score calculator for use in clinical settings. Methods: Data were derived from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance Registry from March 24, 2020, to May 12, 2021. Seven machine learning classifiers were trained on ARDS outcomes using 83 variables obtained at COVID-19 diagnosis. Predictive performance was assessed in a US test set and was validated in patients from four countries with independent registries using area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. A simple risk score calculator was developed using a regression model incorporating the most influential predictors from the best performing classifier. Results: The study included 8633 patients from 74 countries, of whom 523 (6%) had ARDS. Gradient boosting had the highest mean AUC (0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.67-0.88) and was considered the top performing classifier. Ten predictors were identified as key risk factors and were included in a regression model. The regression model that predicted ARDS with 71% (95% CI: 61%-83%) sensitivity in the test set, and with sensitivities ranging from 61% to 80% in countries with independent registries, was used to develop the risk score calculator. Conclusion: We were able to predict ARDS with good sensitivity using information readily available at COVID-19 diagnosis. The proposed risk score calculator has the potential to guide risk stratification for treatments, such as monoclonal antibodies, that have potential to reduce COVID-19 disease progression.publishersversionepub_ahead_of_prin

Treatment Characteristics and Real-World Progression-Free Survival in Patients With Unresectable Stage III NSCLC Who Received Durvalumab After Chemoradiotherapy: Findings From the PACIFIC-R Study.

IntroductionThe phase 3 PACIFIC trial established consolidation therapy with durvalumab as standard of care for patients with unresectable, stage III NSCLC and no disease progression after definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT). The observational PACIFIC-R study assesses the real-world effectiveness of durvalumab in patients from an early access program. Here, we report treatment characteristics and a preplanned analysis of real-world progression-free survival (rwPFS).MethodsPACIFIC-R (NCT03798535) is an ongoing, international, retrospective study of patients who started durvalumab (intravenously; 10 mg/kg every 2 wk) within an early access program between September 2017 and December 2018. The primary end points are investigator-assessed rwPFS and overall survival (analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method).ResultsAs of November 30, 2020, the full analysis set comprised 1399 patients from 11 countries (median follow-up duration, 23.5 mo). Patients received durvalumab for a median of 11.0 months. Median rwPFS was 21.7 months (95% confidence interval: 19.1-24.5). RwPFS was numerically longer among patients who received concurrent versus sequential CRT (median, 23.7 versus 19.3 mo) and among patients with programmed cell death-ligand 1 expression greater than or equal to 1% versus less than 1% (22.4 versus 15.6 mo). Overall, 16.5% of the patients had adverse events leading to treatment discontinuation; 9.5% of all patients discontinued because of pneumonitis or interstitial lung disease.ConclusionsConsolidation durvalumab after definitive CRT was well tolerated and effective in this large, real-world cohort study of patients with unresectable, stage III NSCLC. As expected, rwPFS was longer among patients who received concurrent versus sequential CRT and patients with higher programmed cell death-ligand 1 expression. Nevertheless, favorable rwPFS outcomes were observed regardless of these factors

Breast and Prostate Cancer Risks for Male BRCA1 and BRCA2 Pathogenic Variant Carriers Using Polygenic Risk Scores

Background: Recent population-based female breast cancer and prostate cancer polygenic risk scores (PRS) have been developed. We assessed the associations of these PRS with breast and prostate cancer risks for male BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variant carriers. Methods: 483 BRCA1 and 1318 BRCA2 European ancestry male carriers were available from the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 (CIMBA). A 147-single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) prostate cancer PRS (PRSPC) and a 313-SNP breast cancer PRS were evaluated. There were 3 versions of the breast cancer PRS, optimized to predict overall (PRSBC), estrogen receptor (ER)-negative (PRSER-), or ER-positive (PRSER+) breast cancer risk. Results: PRSER+ yielded the strongest association with breast cancer risk. The odds ratios (ORs) per PRSER+ standard deviation estimates were 1.40 (95% confidence interval [CI] =1.07 to 1.83) for BRCA1 and 1.33 (95% CI = 1.16 to 1.52) for BRCA2 carriers. PRSPC was associated with prostate cancer risk for BRCA1 (OR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.28 to 2.33) and BRCA2 (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.34 to 1.91) carriers. The estimated breast cancer odds ratios were larger after adjusting for female relative breast cancer family history. By age 85 years, for BRCA2 carriers, the breast cancer risk varied from 7.7% to 18.4% and prostate cancer risk from 34.1% to 87.6% between the 5th and 95th percentiles of the PRS distributions. Conclusions: Population-based prostate and female breast cancer PRS are associated with a wide range of absolute breast and prostate cancer risks for male BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers. These findings warrant further investigation aimed at providing personalized cancer risks for male carriers and informing clinical management.Peer reviewe

Functional mechanisms underlying pleiotropic risk alleles at the 19p13.1 breast-ovarian cancer susceptibility locus

A locus at 19p13 is associated with breast cancer (BC) and ovarian cancer (OC) risk. Here we analyse 438 SNPs in this region in 46,451 BC and 15,438 OC cases, 15,252 BRCA1 mutation carriers and 73,444 controls and identify 13 candidate causal SNPs associated with serous OC (P=9.2 × 10-20), ER-negative BC (P=1.1 × 10-13), BRCA1-associated BC (P=7.7 × 10-16) and triple negative BC (P-diff=2 × 10-5). Genotype-gene expression associations are identified for candidate target genes ANKLE1 (P=2 × 10-3) and ABHD8 (P<2 × 10-3). Chromosome conformation capture identifies interactions between four candidate SNPs and ABHD8, and luciferase assays indicate six risk alleles increased transactivation of the ADHD8 promoter. Targeted deletion of a region containing risk SNP rs56069439 in a putative enhancer induces ANKLE1 downregulation; and mRNA stability assays indicate functional effects for an ANKLE1 3′-UTR SNP. Altogether, these data suggest that multiple SNPs at 19p13 regulate ABHD8 and perhaps ANKLE1 expression, and indicate common mechanisms underlying breast and ovarian cancer risk