Puesta a punto de un sistema de deslumbramiento con LED para el análisis de las tareas de conducción nocturna

Debido a los cambios sufridos en la industria de la iluminación para las vías públicas, se ha pasado de utilizar lámparas de halogenuros metálicos a lámparas de tecnología LED. Su mayor ahorro energético y menor mantenimiento hacen que el futuro pase por este cambio de tendencia, que ha sido implementado, a través de este trabajo, en el laboratorio de Iluminación y Visión de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Universidad de Valladolid. El objetivo del trabajo consiste en incorporar un sistema de deslumbramiento al sistema de visión maxwelliano ya existente, así como evaluar el efecto de la luminancia de fondo, el efecto del deslumbramiento y la temperatura de color correlacionada sobre el tiempo de reacción en condiciones típicas de la conducción nocturna. Se ha incorporado un sistema de deslumbramiento al sistema óptico donde poder medir el tiempo de reacción visual (TR) de 13 sujetos jóvenes y sin opacidad en sus medios. Se ha comparado el tiempo de reacción tanto sin deslumbramiento como con el deslumbramiento provocado por dos iluminantes de tipo LED de la misma luminancia pero con dos temperaturas de color correlacionadas (TCC) distintas. Se han utilizado dos tonalidades, una más fría de 2800K, y otra más cálida de 6500K, para comprobar si la temperatura de color influye en el deslumbramiento de los conductores. Todo ello para dos luminancias de fondos distintas (0,1 cd/m2 y 1 cd/m2). Los resultados muestran cómo el TR sin deslumbramiento es igual para ambas luminancias de fondo (p=0,265). Sin embargo, con deslumbramiento el TR aumenta (p=0,000) y lo hace de igual manera para ambos iluminantes de distinta TCC. Como conclusión, con el sistema de deslumbramiento incorporado al sistema óptico ya existente, se ha comprobado que la TCC de un iluminante de tecnología LED no influye en el tiempo de reacción foveal en condiciones simuladas de conducción nocturna.Because of the changes suffered in the industry of illumination for the public roads, it has gone from using metal-halide lamps to LED technology lamps. Its greatest energy savings and less maintenance makes the future changes its trends, which is been implemented in the Illumination and Vision laboratory of the University of Valladolid's Science Faculty. The objective of this work consists in incorporating a glare system to the Maxwellian vision system which already exists, as well as evaluate the effect of the background luminance, the effect of the glare and the correlated color temperature on the reaction time in the typical conditions of the night driving. It has been incorporated a glare system to the optic system where to measure the visual reaction time (TR) of 13 young subjects which don't have opacity in their eye media. Both reaction time has been compared with and without the glare caused by two LED type illuminants of the same luminance but with different correlated color temperature (TCC). It has been used two tones, one more cold of 2800K, and another one, more warm, of 6500k, to check if the color temperature influence the driver's glare. All this for two different background luminances (0,1 cd/m2 and 1 cd/m2). The results show how the TR without glare is equal for both background luminances (p=0,265). Nevertheless, the TR with glare increases (p=0,000) and it does it similarly for both illuminants of different TCC. As conclusion, with the incorporated glare system to the optic system which already exists, it has been checked that the TCC of an LED technology illuminantdoes not influence in the foveal reaction time in simulated conditions of night driving.Departamento de Física Teórica, Atómica y ÓpticaGrado en Óptica y Optometrí

Postantifungal Effect of Antifungal Drugs against Candida: What Do We Know and How Can We Apply This Knowledge in the Clinical Setting?

The study of the pharmacological properties of an antifungal agent integrates the drug pharmacokinetics, the fungal growth inhibition, the fungicidal effect and the postantifungal activity, laying the basis to guide optimal dosing regimen selection. The current manuscript reviews concepts regarding the postantifungal effect (PAFE) of the main classes of drugs used to treat Candida infections or candidiasis. The existence of PAFE and its magnitude are highly dependent on both the fungal species and the class of the antifungal agent. Therefore, the aim of this article was to compile the information described in the literature concerning the PAFE of polyenes, azoles and echinocandins against the Candida species of medical interest. In addition, the mechanisms involved in these phenomena, methods of study, and finally, the clinical applicability of these studies relating to the design of dosing regimens were reviewed and discussed. Additionally, different factors that could determine the variability in the PAFE were described. Most PAFE studies were conducted in vitro, and a scarcity of PAFE studies in animal models was observed. It can be stated that the echinocandins cause the most prolonged PAFE, followed by polyenes and azoles. In the case of the triazoles, it is worth noting the inconsistency found between in vitro and in vivo studiesThe research group was funded by the Consejería de Educación, Universidades e Investigación of Gobierno Vasco-Eusko Jaurlaritza (GIC15/78 IT-990-16/IT1607-22) and by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2020-117983RB-I00)

Geologists of Russian origin in Latin America

Se describe la vida y trayectoria de geólogos que más allá de su nacionalidad (rusa, ucraniana, tártara, alemana, etc.), nacieron en territorios que pertenecieron al Imperio Ruso, la Unión Soviética o la Federación Rusa, y de sus descendientes graduados en geología, todos los cuales vivieron y trabajaron en países de Latinoamérica (en los cuales las lenguas que prevalecen son el español y el portugués). También se incluyen geólogos de la URSS que trabajaron temporariamente en algunos países de Latinoamérica y que con sus publicaciones contribuyeron a la Geología.We describe here the life and career of geologists who beyond their nationality(Russian, Ukrainian, Tatar, German, etc.), were born on the territory of the Russian Empire, the SovietUnion or the Russian Federation and their descendants that became geologists, all of whom lived andworked in Latin-American countries (where Spanish and Portuguese languages prevail). We includealso geologists from USSR who worked temporary in some countries of Latin America and leftcontributions to geology in form of publications.Fil: Tchoumatchenco, Platon. Bulgarian Academy Of Sciences; BulgariaFil: Riccardi, Alberto Carlos. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Durand Delga, Michel. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Alonso, Ricardo. Universidad Nacional de Salta; ArgentinaFil: Wiasemsky, Michel. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Boltovskoy, Demetrio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Charrier González, Reynaldo. Sociedad Geologica de Chile; ChileFil: Minina, Elena. State Geological Museum “V.I.Vernadsky”; Rusi

Mejoramiento barrial en Itaca

La propuesta se basa principalmente en dos ejes: la ordenación del territorio de una forma natural, eficiente y ordenada, con una ocupación del espacio y expectativas de mejora progresivas a partir de unos centros de servicios comunes entorno al agua; y el desarrollo y conexión de los centros de producción, tanto los ya existentes en Matola y los previstos en entorno inmediato, como los propuestos en la actuación

Parotid gland solitary fibrous tumor with mandibular bone destruction and aggressive behavior

Introduction: Solitary fibrous tumor is associated with serosal surfaces. Location in the salivary glands is extremely unusual. Extrathoracic tumors have an excellent prognosis associated with their benign clinical behavior. We report an aggressive and recurrent case of this tumor. We review the clinical presentation, inmunohistochemical profiles and therapeutic approaches. Case Report: A 73-years-old woman presented a mass in her right parotid gland. She had a past history of right superficial parotidectomy due to a neurilemoma. FNAB and magnetic resonance were non-specific. After a tumor resection, microscopic findings were spindled tumor cells with reactivity to CD34, bcl-2 and CD99 and the tumor was diagnosed as Solitary Fibrous Tumor. The patient suffered two recurrences and the tumor had a histological aggressive behavior and a destruction of the cortical bone of the mandible adjacent to the mass. A marginal mandi - bulectomy with an alveolar inferior nerve lateralization was performed. Conclusions: Solitary fibrous tumor is a very rare tumor. Usually, they are benign, but occasionally they can be aggressive. Complete resection is the most important prognostic factor and no evidence supports the efficacy of any therapy different to surgery. Due to the unknown prognosis and to the small number of cases reported, a long-term follow-up is guaranteed

Referencias corológicas de plantas vasculares en León y localidades próximas de las províncias de Valladolid y Zamora (España)

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HPLC–(Q)-TOF-MS-Based Study of Plasma Metabolic Profile Differences Associated with Age in Pediatric Population Using an Animal Model

[EN] A deep knowledge about the biological development of children is essential for appropriate drug administration and dosage in pediatrics. In this sense, the best approximation to study organ maturation is the analysis of tissue samples, but it requires invasive methods. For this reason, surrogate matrices should be explored. Among them, plasma emerges as a potential alternative since it represents a snapshot of global organ metabolism. In this work, plasma metabolic profiles from piglets of different ages (newborns, infants, and children) obtained by HPLC–(Q)-TOF-MS at positive and negative ionization modes were studied. Improved clustering within groups was achieved using multiblock principal component analysis compared to classical principal component analysis. Furthermore, the separation observed among groups was better resolved by using partial least squares-discriminant analysis, which was validated by bootstrapping and permutation testing. Thanks to univariate analysis, 13 metabolites in positive and 21 in negative ionization modes were found to be significant to discriminate the three groups of piglets. From these features, an acylcarnitine and eight glycerophospholipids were annotated and identified as metabolites of interest. The findings indicate that there is a relevant change with age in lipid metabolism in which lysophosphatidylcholines and lysophoshatidylethanolamines play an important role.This research was funded by UPV/EHU (Project GIU16/04) and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Project CTQ2013-46179-R)

Lathraea squamaria L. novedad para la flora palentina (España).

Lathraea squamaria L., new for the Palencia flora (Spain)Palabras clave. Lathraea L., corología, Palencia, España.Key words. Lathraea L., chorology, Palencia, Spain

Consumers’ Concerns and Perceptions of Farm Animal Welfare

P. 1-13In this paper, we explore the evolution of consumers’ perceptions and concerns about the effects that intensification of production systems could have on the welfare of farm animals. Despite the differences in definitions of animal welfare that make perceptions about this complex subject extremely variable, there is a growing perception that farm animal welfare should be protected and improved. There is an increasing appreciation of animal welfare parameters over other quality attributes, and animal-friendly products are considered healthier, safer, tastier, more hygienic, authentic, environmentally friendly, and traditional by many consumers. The willingness to pay for the increases in price that higher levels of farm animal welfare could produce could be promoted by means of adequate information about management and housing conditions of the different farming species. Welfare-friendly products that are properly labeled with clear information provided by an internationally accepted, transparent, and traceable monitoring system will increase consumers’ confidence in the food chain participants. Both consumers and citizens have the opportunity to improve the welfare of millions of farmed animals now and in the future, consumers by assuming their responsibility at the buying point, purchasing welfare-friendly products, and citizens by driving legislation to achieve some minimum standard of welfare conditions that could meet animals’ needs.S

Coordinated management of low voltage power networks with photovoltaic energy sources

Over the last decades, active power networks have reached great attention due to the incorporation of distributed energy resources into low voltage power systems. In this paper, a decentralized energy management strategy is proposed as an efficient way to minimize both active power losses and voltage profile deviation of an distribution power network with photovoltaic solar farms, and also at the same time, aims to improve the reliability and the security of supply. The coordinated energy management concept relies on a two-step optimization approach based on genetic algorithms (GA) and MINLP, in which a multi-objective function is used which takes into account reliability and operational technical constraints in its formulation. The suitability of the proposed methodology is tested on an existing low voltage power system, in which two aspects are considered: firstly, determining the optimal allocation of PV units and secondly, establishing the optimal reschedule of the active power of the generation units partic ipating in the energy mix and minimizing both the real power losses and voltage deviation of the entire power system.This work has been partly funded by the European Union seventh framework program FP7-SMARTCITIES-2013 under grant agreement 608860 IDE4L – Ideal grid for all