Acclimation mechanisms elicited by sprayed abscisic acid, solar UV-B and water deficit in leaf tissues of field-grown grapevines

The independent and interactive effects of solar ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B), moderate water deficit and sprayed abscisic acid (ABA) on leaves gas exchange and biochemical aspects of field-grown grapevines of the cv. Malbec were investigated in a high altitude vineyard (1450 m a.s.l.). Two UV-B treatments (ambient solar UV-B or reduced UV-B), two watering treatments (well watered or moderate water deficit) and two ABA treatments (no ABA and sprayed ABA) were given alone and combined in a factorial design. Gas exchange and photosynthesis were reduced by water deficit and highly impaired in the UV-B and water deficit combined treatment. UV-absorbing compounds were stimulated independently by UVB. The monoterpenes α-pinene, 3-carene and terpinolene, and the sesquiterpene nerolidol were augmented by UV-B, water deficit or sprayed ABA. Levels of the triterpene squalene and the diterpene phytol were significantly higher in the treatment that combined UV-B, water deficit and ABA applications. Environment signals (solar UV-B and moderate water deficit) and sprayed ABA elicited mechanisms of acclimation by augmenting the content of terpenes with antioxidant and antifungal properties, thus enhancing the plant defensive mechanisms towards signals both biotic and abiotic.Fil: Alonso, Rodrigo Emanuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina. Catena Institute of Wine; ArgentinaFil: Berli, Federico Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Bottini, Ambrosio Rubén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Piccoli, Patricia Noemí. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentin

Applied GA5, GA4, and GA4/7 increase berry number per bunch, yield, and grape quality for winemaking in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Malbec

BACKGROUND: The gibberellins (GAs) GA5 (inhibitor of GA3-oxidase), GA4 (biologically active), GA4/7 (commercially available mixture of Ga4 and GA7) prohexadione-calcium (ProCa, inhibitor of dioxygenases that render GAs bioactive, negative control), and GA3 (positive control) were applied to bunches of Vitis vinifera cv. Malbec. Different techniques, doses, and timings were used in a 3-year field experiment. In year 1, GA5, ProCa, and GA3 were applied at 35, 20, and 0 days before veraison (DBV) by dipping bunches three times. In year 2, single applications of GA5 and GA3, also by immersion, were tested at 60, 45, and 30 DBV. In year 3, applications at 60 and 30 DBV of GA5, GA4, and a mixture of GA4/7 were evaluated by dipping or spraying the bunches. RESULTS: Vegetative growth, berry weight, and sugar content were unaffected by treatments. ProCa did not affect the yield with respect to water control, although it reduced the levels of phenolics in berry skins, an undesirable effect for winemaking. GA5, in the dose range 5–50 mg L−1, raised berry numbers, thereby augmenting bunch weight and skin phenolics at harvest, so increasing berry quality for winemaking. GA4 and GA4/7 produced similar benefits to GA5, with similar doses. CONCLUSION: The applications of GA5, GA4, and GA4/7 to developing grape berry bunches, in a range of concentrations and by dipping or spraying, increased berry numbers per bunch at harvest. The method can be used as a viticultural practice to improve the production and quality of wine grapes. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.Fil: Berli, Federico Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Alonso, Rodrigo Emanuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Pharis, Richard P.. University of Calgary. Departament of Biological Sciences; CanadáFil: Bottini, Ambrosio Ruben. Universidad "Juan Agustín Maza"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Occurrence of Nine Grapevine Viruses in Commercial Vineyards of Mendoza, Argentina

Grapevine is a widely grown fruit crop that is seriously affected by different viruses, reducing grape yield and quality, as well as threatening profitability. Vineyard disease management requires accurate identification of viral infections. This study aimed to survey the presence of ten grapevine viruses in four geographic sites in the Mendoza province of Argentina. Two hundred twenty-three composite cane samples from 1060 plants of six cultivars were collected from 26 blocks distributed across 11 vineyards. The cane samples were screened by RT-PCR for the following viruses: grapevine leafroll-associated viruses 1–4 (GLRaV 1, 2, 3, and 4), grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), grapevine fleck virus (GFkV), grapevine virus A (GVA) and B (GVB), grapevine rupestris stem pitting associated virus (GRSPaV), and arabis mosaic virus (ArMV). The results showed an uneven occurrence of viruses through the sampled regions, with GRSPaV being prevalent (71.1%), followed by GFLV (28.9%), GFkV (20.6%), and GLRaV-2 (14.7%). GVB was not detected. This study revealed a moderate prevalence of viruses associated with economically impactful diseases in the vineyards surveyed.Fil: Gómez Talquenca, Sebastián. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Mendoza-San Juan. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Alonso, Rodrigo Emanuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Luna, Facundo Nicolás. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Mendoza-San Juan. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Lanza Volpe, Melisa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Mendoza-San Juan. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Buscema, Fernando. Bodega Catena Zapata; Argentin

Ingeniería de software para sistemas embebidos, requisitos en PYMEs y testing continuo

Esta línea de investigación aborda temas de ingeniería del software en sistemas tradicionales y su traslado a sistemas embebidos. Se espera la aplicación de la tecnología de desarrollo software en sistemas embebidos para el ámbito regional orientado a las entidades de ciencia y tecnología. En este sentido se está trabajando, por un lado, la construcción de un modelo de procedimientos para la gestión de requerimientos en entidades agrícolas con una cultura organizacional jerárquica, específicamente las entidades yerbateras del nordeste argentino. Y por otro lado en el desarrollo de sistemas embebidos de riego. Finalmente se está trabajando en el desarrollo de procedimientos para la formalización del testing continuo en la disciplina de entrega continua lo cual facilitará los ensayos en los desarrollos ágiles.Eje: Ingeniería del Software.Red de Universidades con Carreras en Informátic

Ingeniería de software para sistemas embebidos, requisitos en PYMEs y testing continuo

Esta línea de investigación aborda temas de ingeniería del software en sistemas tradicionales y su traslado a sistemas embebidos. Se espera la aplicación de la tecnología de desarrollo software en sistemas embebidos para el ámbito regional orientado a las entidades de ciencia y tecnología. En este sentido se está trabajando, por un lado, la construcción de un modelo de procedimientos para la gestión de requerimientos en entidades agrícolas con una cultura organizacional jerárquica, específicamente las entidades yerbateras del nordeste argentino. Y por otro lado en el desarrollo de sistemas embebidos de riego. Finalmente se está trabajando en el desarrollo de procedimientos para la formalización del testing continuo en la disciplina de entrega continua lo cual facilitará los ensayos en los desarrollos ágiles.Eje: Ingeniería del Software.Red de Universidades con Carreras en Informátic

Ingeniería de software para sistemas embebidos, requisitos en PYMEs y testing continuo

Esta línea de investigación aborda temas de ingeniería del software en sistemas tradicionales y su traslado a sistemas embebidos. Se espera la aplicación de la tecnología de desarrollo software en sistemas embebidos para el ámbito regional orientado a las entidades de ciencia y tecnología. En este sentido se está trabajando, por un lado, la construcción de un modelo de procedimientos para la gestión de requerimientos en entidades agrícolas con una cultura organizacional jerárquica, específicamente las entidades yerbateras del nordeste argentino. Y por otro lado en el desarrollo de sistemas embebidos de riego. Finalmente se está trabajando en el desarrollo de procedimientos para la formalización del testing continuo en la disciplina de entrega continua lo cual facilitará los ensayos en los desarrollos ágiles.Eje: Ingeniería del Software.Red de Universidades con Carreras en Informátic

Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016

Abscisic acid’s role in the modulation of compounds that contribute to wine quality

Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a crucial role in the plant responses to environmental signals, in particular by triggering secondary metabolism. High-altitude vineyards in Mendoza, Argentina, are exposed to elevated solar ultraviolet-B (UV-B) levels and moderate water deficits (WD), thus produc-ing grapevine berries with high enological quality for red winemaking. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and phenolic compounds (PCs) accumulate in the berry skins, possess antioxidant activity, and are important attributes for red wine. The aim of the present study was to analyze the role of ABA in the modulation of these compounds in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Malbec wines by comparing the independent and interactive effects of UV-B, WD, and ABA. Two UV-B treatments (ambient solar UV-B or reduced UV-B), two watering treatments (well-watered or moderate water deficit) and two ABA treatments (no ABA and sprayed ABA) were given in a factorial design during one growing season. Sprayed ABA, alone and/or in combination with UV-B (specially) and WD (to a lower degree) increased low molecular weight polyphenols (LMWP), anthocyanins, but most noticeably the stilbenes trans-resveratrol and piceid. Under these treatments, VOCs were scarcely affected, and the antioxidant capacity was influenced by the combination of UV-B and WD. From a technological point of view, ABA applications may be an effective vineyard management tool, considering that it elicited a higher content of compounds beneficial for wine aging, as well compounds related to color.Fil: Alonso, Rodrigo Emanuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Berli, Federico Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Fontana, Ariel Ramón. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Piccoli, Patricia Noemí. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Bottini, Ambrosio Ruben. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina. Universidad "Juan Agustín Maza"; Argentin

High altitude solar UV-B and abscisic acid application increase grape berry antioxidant capacity

It has been proposed that ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation activates grapevines antioxidant defense system and abscisic acid (ABA) acts downstream in the signaling pathway. Effects of solar UV-B perceived by high altitude vineyards and ABA sprays on berry quality indicators and fruit yield were studied on Vitis vinifera L. cv. Malbec at 5 developmental stages during three consecutive growing seasons. Grapevines were exposed to ambient solar UV-B (+UV-B) or to UV-B filtered sunlight (?UV-B) from 15 days before flowering, combined with weekly sprays of 1 mM ABA (+ABA) or H2O (?ABA) from 27 days before veraison. Berry skin phenols (anthocyanins and total polyphenols) were increased by +UV-B and +ABA, markedly in concentration (UV-B x ABA significant interaction). The increases in antioxidant capacity, measured as oxygen antioxidant capacity (ORAC) and phenols in the berries exposed to +UV-B/+ABA combined treatment were higher compared with ?UV-B/?ABA, for the same increase in sugar. Also, +UV-B and +ABA interact to reduce number of berries and bunches weight (fruit yield), without affecting sugar concentration (smaller berries) at harvest. Antioxidant compounds (protective for plants), are triggered in +UV-B/+ABA at the expenses of sugar accumulation, berry retention and growth (fruit yield). UV-B perceived by high altitude vineyards and ABA applications interact to increase red grape berry quality indicators, markedly in concentration (important from a winemaking standpoint). Also, UV-B and ABA effects on berry sugar accumulation and growth depend on the stage of development.Instituto de Fisiología Vegeta

High altitude solar UV-B and abscisic acid application increase grape berry antioxidant capacity

It has been proposed that ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation activates grapevines antioxidant defense system and abscisic acid (ABA) acts downstream in the signaling pathway. Effects of solar UV-B perceived by high altitude vineyards and ABA sprays on berry quality indicators and fruit yield were studied on Vitis vinifera L. cv. Malbec at 5 developmental stages during three consecutive growing seasons. Grapevines were exposed to ambient solar UV-B (+UV-B) or to UV-B filtered sunlight (?UV-B) from 15 days before flowering, combined with weekly sprays of 1 mM ABA (+ABA) or H2O (?ABA) from 27 days before veraison. Berry skin phenols (anthocyanins and total polyphenols) were increased by +UV-B and +ABA, markedly in concentration (UV-B x ABA significant interaction). The increases in antioxidant capacity, measured as oxygen antioxidant capacity (ORAC) and phenols in the berries exposed to +UV-B/+ABA combined treatment were higher compared with ?UV-B/?ABA, for the same increase in sugar. Also, +UV-B and +ABA interact to reduce number of berries and bunches weight (fruit yield), without affecting sugar concentration (smaller berries) at harvest. Antioxidant compounds (protective for plants), are triggered in +UV-B/+ABA at the expenses of sugar accumulation, berry retention and growth (fruit yield). UV-B perceived by high altitude vineyards and ABA applications interact to increase red grape berry quality indicators, markedly in concentration (important from a winemaking standpoint). Also, UV-B and ABA effects on berry sugar accumulation and growth depend on the stage of development.Fil: Berli, Federico Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Alonso, Rodrigo Emanuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentina. Instituto Catena del Vino; ArgentinaFil: Beltrano, Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - la Plata. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Cs.naturales y Museo. Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Bottini, Ambrosio Rubén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentin