755 research outputs found
Instabilidade Multidirecional do Complexo Articular do Ombro: Estudo de Caso
Introdução: A articulação do ombro Ă© a maior e mais complexa do corpo humano, possui caracterĂsticas como cavidade glenĂłide rasa e pouca coaptação com a cabeça do Ășmero, o que a possibilita alcançar amplitudes que nenhuma outra articulação Ă© capaz de alcançar, uma amplitude de movimento de 180Âș na flexĂŁo e abdução. Essa grande amplitude gera uma alta instabilidade na articulação do ombro tornando propenso a subluxação e luxação. O fisioterapeuta deverĂĄ realizar uma correta avaliação e interpretação dos sintomas e das alteraçÔes posturais e biomecĂąnicas do paciente com instabilidade multidirecional do ombro. Objetivo: Realização de uma breve revisĂŁo atualizada desta temĂĄtica, visando a sua avaliação e reabilitação, bem como a aplicação prĂĄtica dos mĂ©todos de avaliação e tratamento num caso concreto, Ă luz destes conceitos. MĂ©todos: ApĂłs a avaliação inicial, foi estabelecido um plano de tratamento com a duração de quatro semanas. A intervenção visou a diminuição da dor, normalização das alteraçÔes articulares, reforço da musculatura enfraquecida, promoção da estabilidade do complexo articular do ombro. Como instrumentos de avaliação foram utilizados a END (escala numĂ©rica de dor), goniometria, teste muscular, diversos testes adicionais de avaliação. Resultados: Ao final de quatro semanas de tratamento, houve uma melhoria significativa nos ganhos de amplitude articular, força muscular e correto posicionamento da articulação. A dor e instabilidade articular foram controladas, atĂ© que deixaram de existir. ConclusĂŁo: Uma das patologias mais frequentes em traumatologia Ă© a instabilidade do complexo articular do ombro. Essa instabilidade Ă© explicada pela função integral anormal dos estabilizadores estĂĄticos e dinĂąmicos. Com um programa de fisioterapia adequado, englobando exercĂcios de correção postural, mobilização com movimento, reforço muscular, e exercĂcios de reeducação propriocetiva, a recuperação Ă© possĂvel e eficaz em casos de lesĂŁo no ombro por instabilidade multidirecional
Web 2.0 e padrĂ”es na aprendizagem da matemĂĄtica: um estudo de caso no 8Âș ano de escolaridade
Nesta apresentação, colocaremos em destaque parte de uma investigação jĂĄ concluĂda, inscrita num paradigma qualitativo, de estudo de caso, descritivo, analĂtico e interpretativo, que perseguia como principal objectivo avaliar o contributo da utilização de recursos da Web 2.0 (applets e plataforma de gestĂŁo da aprendizagem) na abordagem do domĂnio temĂĄtico da Ălgebra, mais concretamente, no estudo das funçÔes, centrada nos padrĂ”es e regularidades, ao nĂvel do desenvolvimento de: competĂȘncias tecnolĂłgicas; apetĂȘncias, conhecimentos e capacidades matemĂĄticas, especĂficas e transversais, em particular de trabalho colaborativo. Decorreu em ambiente acadĂ©mico normal, num registo misto - presencial e a distĂąncia -, com alunos de uma turma do 8Âș ano de escolaridade. A anĂĄlise a que foram submetidos os dados, recolhidos atravĂ©s de tĂ©cnicas e instrumentos de recolha de informação variados, permitiu concluir que os recursos utilizados como apoio Ă abordagem didĂĄctica implementada tiveram repercussĂ”es positivas ao nĂvel do desenvolvimento de competĂȘncias tecnolĂłgicas e matemĂĄticas relacionadas com os tĂłpicos referidos
The effect of subthalamic deep brain stimulation on motor learning in Parkinsonâs disease
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus is an effective and adjustable treatment for Parkinsonâs disease patients with (early) motor complications and has been shown to elicit changes in motor and non-motor cortico-basal ganglia circuits through modulation of distributed neural networks. Recent findings on subcortical basal ganglia - cerebellar anatomy have revealed projections from the subthalamic nucleus to cerebellar hemispheres, which might be modulated by subthalamic DBS. Both the basal ganglia and the cerebellum are known to be involved in motor learning and Parkinsonâs disease.
This study aimed at investigating the effect of subthalamic DBS on motor learning in Parkinsonâs disease (PD) and characterizing underlying neural networks. To this end, 20 Parkinsonâs disease patients undergoing subthalamic DBS and 20 age-matched healthy controls performed a visuomotor task. Motor learning was assessed as reduction in movement times from beginning to end of task for each group. DBS electrodes were localized and projected to a publicly available normative connectome (1000 healthy subjects) and a connectivity map for DBS induced improvement in motor learning was calculated. Region of interest analysis was performed to assess the role of connectivity to motor cortex (M1) and cerebellar hemispheres in DBS induced learning. Permutation tests and multiple regressions were conducted for the main statistical analyses; for significant regression models and correlations leave one out cross validation (LOOCV) was performed.
Motor learning was impaired in Parkinsonâs disease patients off DBS comparing with healthy controls (PD off DBS: 12.2±5.4% from 1311±160ms to 1089±118ms; mean ± standard error of mean; healthy controls: 33.48±3.6% from 729±63ms to 473±42ms; off DBS vs. healthy controls P=0.002). STN-DBS led to a statistically significant improvement in motor learning (PD on DBS: 27.7±6.1% from 940±120ms to 615±84ms; on vs. off DBS P=0.01). There was no statistically significant difference between patients on DBS and healthy controls (P=0.4). DBS induced improvement in motor learning was not correlated with improvement in motor deficits (R=-0.02, P=0.5). A specific connectivity profile including the right cerebellar hemisphere was associated with improved motor learning through DBS (RÂČ=0.33, P=0.01; LOOCV: R=0.43, P=0.028). Region of interest analysis revealed the ipsilateral cerebellum to be the best predictor of DBS induced motor learning (R2=0.34, P=0.008; LOOCV: R=0.045, P=0.02). Here, connectivity to the STN was higher than to M1, suggesting a putative role of the recently discovered basal ganglia - cerebellar circuit bypassing the cortex.
This study extends current knowledge on motor learning in Parkinsonâs disease and highlights the notion of network modulation in DBS.Die Tiefe Hirnstimulation (THS) des Nucleus subthalamicus ist eine effektive Therapiealternative fĂŒr Patienten mit idiopathischem Parkinson Syndrom (IPS) und (frĂŒhen) motorischen Komplikationen, welche zu verschiedenen motorischen und nicht-motorischen Effekten in der Kortex-Basalganglienschleife fĂŒhrt. Es ist lange bekannt, dass die Basalganglien und das Kleinhirn sowohl beim IPS als auch beim motorischen Lernen eine Rolle spielen. Neue anatomische Studien zeigten eine disynaptische subkortikale Verbindung zwischen den Nucleus subthalamicus und den KleinhirnhemisphĂ€ren mit bisher unklarer funktioneller Bedeutung.
Die vorliegende Studie untersucht den Effekt subthalamischer THS auf motorisches Lernen beim idiopathischen Parkinson Syndrom mit dem Ziel, zugrundeliegende neuronale Netzwerke zu charakterisieren. HierfĂŒr fĂŒhrten 20 Patienten mit IPS unter THS und 20 altersgepaarte gesunde Probanden eine visuomotorische Reaktionszeitaufgabe durch. Motorisches Lernen wurde als Verbesserung der Bewegungszeiten durch Wiederholung der Aufgabe definiert. THS Elektroden wurden lokalisiert und auf ein öffentlich verfĂŒgbares normatives funktionelles MRT Konnektom projiziert (1000 gesunde Probanden). Das optimale KonnektivitĂ€tsprofil fĂŒr THS induziertes motorisches Lernen wurde berechnet. ZusĂ€tzlich wurde eine KonnektivitĂ€tsanalyse durchgefĂŒhrt, um die Rolle der Verbindung von aktiven THS Kontakten zum motorischen Kortex und zu den KleinhirnhemisphĂ€ren fĂŒr THS induziertes Lernen zu untersuchen. Die statistische Auswertung der Hauptergebnisse erfolgte durch Monte Carlo Permutation und multiple Regressionen; statistisch signifikante Regressionsmodelle und Korrelationen wurden mittels der âLeave one outâ Methode kreuzvalidiert.
Patienten mit IPS und ausgeschalteter THS zeigten ein signifikant beeintrĂ€chtigtes motorisches Lernen im Vergleich zu gesunden Kontrollen (IPS mit THS OFF: 12.2±5.4%, von 1311±160ms auf 1089±118ms; gesunde Kontrollen: 33.48±3.6%, von 729±63ms auf 473±42ms; P=0.002). Die subthalamische THS fĂŒhrte zu einer statistisch signifikanten Verbesserung des motorischen Lernens in Patienten mit IPS (IPS mit THS ON: 27.7±6.1%, von 940±120ms auf 615±84ms; P=0.01). Es ergab sich kein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen Patienten mit eingeschalteter THS und gesunden Kontrollen (P=0.4). THS induziertes motorisches Lernen korrelierte nicht mit Linderung motorischer Symptome (R=-0.02, P=0.5). Es konnte ein spezifisches fMRT KonnektivitĂ€tsprofil von den aktiven THS Kontakten definiert werden, welches prĂ€diktiv fĂŒr den Effekt der THS auf motorisches Lernen war (RÂČ=0.33, P=0.01; LOOCV: R=0.43, P=0.028). Eine weiterfĂŒhrende Analyse ergab einen gesonderten Einfluss der rechten KleinhirnhemisphĂ€re als bester PrĂ€diktor fĂŒr THS induziertes motorisches Lernen (R2=0.34, P=0.008; LOOCV: R=0.045, P=0.02). In diesen Voxels war funktionelle KonnektivitĂ€t zum Nucleus subthalamicus höher als zum motorischen Kortex, hinweisend auf eine relevante Rolle der beschriebenen direkten Verbindung vom Nucleus subthalamicus zu den KleinhirnhemisphĂ€ren.
Diese Studie liefert neue Erkenntnisse ĂŒber den Zusammenhang von motorischem Lernen und der Neuromodulation motorischer Netzwerke beim idiopathischen Parkinson Syndrom und erweitert das Konzept der Netzwerkmodulation als mechanistisches Modell zur Wirksamkeit der THS
Unspliced Precursors of NMD-Sensitive ÎČ-Globin Transcripts Exhibit Decreased Steady-State Levels in Erythroid Cells.
This work was partially supported by FundacžaËo para a CieËncia e a Tecnologia [Programa de Financiamento Plurianual do Centro de InvestigacžaËo em
GeneÂŽtica Molecular Humana (CIGMH) and Center for Biodiversity, Functional and Integrative Genomics (BioFIG)]. AM, FA and ALS were supported by fellowships
from FundacžaËo para a CieËncia e a Tecnologia (SFRH/BD/31920/2006, PRAXIS XXI/BPD/18880/98 and SFRH/BD/8351/2002, respectively). No additional external
funding was received for this study. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscrip.Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a quality control mechanism that detects and rapidly degrades mRNAs carrying premature translation-termination codons (PTCs). Mammalian NMD depends on both splicing and translation, and requires recognition of the premature stop codon by the cytoplasmic ribosomes. Surprisingly, some published data have suggested that nonsense codons may also affect the nuclear metabolism of the nonsense-mutated transcripts. To determine if nonsense codons could influence nuclear events, we have directly assessed the steady-state levels of the unspliced transcripts of wild-type and PTC-containing human ÎČ-globin genes stably transfected in mouse erythroleukemia (MEL) cells, after erythroid differentiation induction, or in HeLa cells. Our analyses by ribonuclease protection assays and reverse transcription-coupled quantitative PCR show that ÎČ-globin pre-mRNAs carrying NMD-competent PTCs, but not those containing a NMD-resistant PTC, exhibit a significant decrease in their steady-state levels relatively to the wild-type or to a missense-mutated ÎČ-globin pre-mRNA. On the contrary, in HeLa cells, human ÎČ-globin pre-mRNAs carrying NMD-competent PTCs accumulate at normal levels. Functional analyses of these pre-mRNAs in MEL cells demonstrate that their low steady-state levels do not reflect significantly lower pre-mRNA stabilities when compared to the normal control. Furthermore, our results also provide evidence that the relative splicing efficiencies of intron 1 and 2 are unaffected. This set of data highlights potential nuclear pathways that might be promoter- and/or cell line-specific, which recognize the NMD-sensitive transcripts as abnormal. These specialized nuclear pathway(s) may be superimposed on the general NMD mechanism.publishersversionpublishe
A prĂĄtica de community manager e social media manager : casos em Portugal
Mestrado em CiĂȘncias EmpresariaisO Social Media Marketing (SMMkt) estĂĄ a ser cada vez mais utilizado e o nĂșmero de empresas a desenvolver a sua presença em social media estĂĄ a crescer. Como consequĂȘncia, aparecem novos perfis profissionais como o de Community Manager e de Social Media Manager.
Este trabalho teve como objetivo compreender o perfil profissional de Comunity Manager e Social Media Manager, a composição e estrutura das equipas de agĂȘncia onde se inserem os Social Media Managers e Community Managers, e as barreiras e dificuldades percecionadas por estes profissionais na gestĂŁo de social media nas agĂȘncias em Portugal. A abordagem metodolĂłgica foi exploratĂłria e qualitativa com recurso a entrevistas semi-estruturadas para recolha de dados primĂĄrios, complementada com a anĂĄlise de anĂșncios de emprego enquanto dados secundĂĄrios.
Os resultados indicam que as agĂȘncias revelam ter jĂĄ umas noçÔes das competĂȘncias e perfis necessĂĄrios para estes profissionais que gerem o Social Media Marketing. Apesar disso, existe ainda um trabalho a ser feito na divisĂŁo de funçÔes e responsabilidades nas equipas de social media em Portugal. Compreendeu-se tambĂ©m que as principais barreiras e dificuldades com que estes profissionais se deparam nas agĂȘncias sĂŁo geradas pelo cliente e portanto torna-se essencial existir uma maior noção e preparação por parte destes para o mundo digital.Social Media Marketing (SMMkt) is being increasingly used and the number of companies developing their presence in social media is growing. As a consequence, new professional profiles such as Community Manager and Social Media Manager appear.
The objective of this work was to understand the professional profile of Comunity Man-ager and Social Media Manager, the composition and structure of the agency teams that integrate Social Media Managers and Community Managers, and the barriers and difficulties perceived by these professionals in the management of social media in agencies in Portugal. The methodological approach was exploratory and qualitative using semi-structured interviews for primary data collection, complemented with the analysis of job advertisements as secondary data.
The results indicate that the agencies reveal that they already have some notions of the skills and profiles required for these professionals who manage Social Media Marketing. Despite this, there is still work to be done in the division of roles and responsibilities in social media teams in Portugal. It was also understood that the main barriers and difficulties faced by these professionals in the agencies are generated by the client and therefore it is essential to have a greater understanding and preparation by the client for the digital world.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
ConsideraçÔes sobre a Conservação e Restauro nos Arquivos
ConsideraçÔes sobre a Conservação e Restauro nos Arquivo
ROMO, Eduardo Javier Alonso (2000), Los Escritos Portugueses de San Francisco Javier, Braga: Universidade do Minho, Centro de Estudos HumanĂsticos
O trabalho em call center e o vĂnculo contratual
Procurou-se através deste estudo contribuir para aumentar o conhecimento acerca da atividade em Call Center. O trabalho em Call Center desenvolve-se maioritariamente por trabalhadores temporårios, que prestam serviços a empresas utilizadoras de trabalho temporårio. O recurso ao Call Center, pelas empresas utilizadoras de trabalho temporårio, tem registado um aumento motivado, entre outros aspetos, pela possibilidade de redução de custos com recursos humanos.
Esta investigação, de Ăndole qualitativa, contou com a participação, atravĂ©s de entrevista, de seis trabalhadores de Call Center. Os dados indicaram que ao nĂvel da integração e do acolhimento sĂŁo privilegiadas estratĂ©gias que preparam o indivĂduo para a tarefa, tornando-se transversal na atividade o recurso a tecnologia. A avaliação do desempenho destes trabalhadores Ă© regular e frequente, contudo, inesperada. Os participantes evidenciaram que a opção pelo trabalho em Call Center advĂ©m da ausĂȘncia de outras oportunidades profissionais. Contudo, avaliam determinadas dimensĂ”es do seu trabalho de um modo positivo, entre as quais: a possibilidade do trabalho em equipa e a oportunidade de aprendizagem constante.The purpose of this study is to gain a thorough insight into the labor activity in the Call Center. This market area is developing mainly thanks to the temporary workers. The core idea is to provide services to the companies using temporary work. Thanks to using the Call Center, the companies record an increase of motivation, which leads to the possibility of reducing human resources costs.
This research, qualitative in nature, was developed through interviews to six Call Center workers. The data indicated that the level of integration and acceptance are chosen strategies that prepare the individual for the task of mastering the use of technology. The performance evaluation of the workers is regular and frequent, however, unexpected. Participants indicated that the choice of working in Call Center comes from the absence of other professional opportunities. Nevertheless, certain dimensions of their work are assessed in a positive way, such as the possibility of teamwork and the opportunity of constant learning
Exploring dangerous connections between Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilms and healthcare-associated infections
Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) are a huge public health concern,particularly when the etiological agents are multidrug resistant. The ability of bacteria to
develop biofilm is a helpful skill, both to persist within hospital units and to increase
antibiotic resistance. Although the links between antibiotic resistance, biofilms assembly
and HAI are consensual, little is known about biofilms. Here, electron microscopy was
adopted as a tool to investigate biofilm structures associated with increased antibiotic resistance. The K. pneumoniae strains investigated are able to assemble biofilms, albeit with different kinetics. The biofilm structure and the relative area fractions of bacteria and
extracellular matrix depend on the particular strain, as well as the minimal inhibitory
concentration (MIC) for the antibiotics. Increased values were found for bacteria organized
in biofilms when compared to the respective planktonic forms, except for isolates Kp45
and Kp2948, the MIC values for which remained unchanged for fosfomycin. Altogether,
these results showed that the emergence of antimicrobial resistance among bacteria
responsible for HAI is a multifactorial phenomenon dependent on antibiotics and on
bacteria/biofilm features
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