New Records of Alien Species in the Ohio Vascular Flora

Author Institution: Department of Botany, Miami University ; Division of Natural Areas and Preserves, Ohio Department of Natural ResourcesExamination of specimens of vascular plants from various herbaria, as well as field collections, have revealed 70 taxa not previously reported for Ohio, or previously reported without documentation. This paper documents these new taxa, 44% of which are escapes of woody landscape plants. The specimens cited represent 55 genera in 30 families. Of these, the following genera are first reports for the state: Achyranthes, Albizia, Carthamus, Cercidiphyllum, Cotoneaster, Dactyloctenium, Fontanesia, Gaillardia, Guizotia, Gypsophila, Stenosiphon, Tripsacum, and Zinnia. Cercidiphyllaceae is the only family reported as new for the state. Some taxa cited in this paper represent first reports as escapes for North America. These are Cotoneaster divaricatus (Rosaceae), Fontanesia fortunei (Oleaceae), Magnolia X soulangeana (Magnoliaceae), Magnolia stellata (Magnoliaceae), Viburnum buddleifolium (Caprifoliaceae), and Viburnum x rhytidiphylloides (Caprifoliaceae)

Survey of the Herbarium Resources of Ohio

Author Institution: Department of Natural Areas and Preserves, Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Fountain Square ; Department of Biological Sciences, University of CincinnatiMore than one million specimens of vascular and nonvascular plants are housed in Ohio herbaria. These collections are an invaluable scientific resource. Only 13 Ohio herbaria are listed in the Index Herbariorum. This survey identifies 37 Ohio herbaria and summarizes their holdings. Details given for these herbaria include: names and addresses of curators, hours of access, strengths of the collections, and research activities of the staff

People-selectivity, audiovisual integration and heteromodality in the superior temporal sulcus

The functional role of the superior temporal sulcus (STS) has been implicated in a number of studies, including those investigating face perception, voice perception, and face–voice integration. However, the nature of the STS preference for these ‘social stimuli’ remains unclear, as does the location within the STS for specific types of information processing. The aim of this study was to directly examine properties of the STS in terms of selective response to social stimuli. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to scan participants whilst they were presented with auditory, visual, or audiovisual stimuli of people or objects, with the intention of localising areas preferring both faces and voices (i.e., ‘people-selective’ regions) and audiovisual regions designed to specifically integrate person-related information. Results highlighted a ‘people-selective, heteromodal’ region in the trunk of the right STS which was activated by both faces and voices, and a restricted portion of the right posterior STS (pSTS) with an integrative preference for information from people, as compared to objects. These results point towards the dedicated role of the STS as a ‘social-information processing’ centre

FjordPhyto: la experiencia de un proyecto de ciencia ciudadana en la Antártida que involucra turistas y microalgas

Desde hace más de 5 años las y los viajeros que visitan el continente antártico durante los meses de verano (noviembre - marzo) ayudan a las y los investigadores a monitorear cambios en la comunidad fitoplanctónica en relación al derretimiento glaciar. La Península Antártica es una región que está experimentando cambios rápidos debidos al calentamiento global. El fitoplancton (microalgas) es la base de la red alimenticia marina y es ignorado por la sociedad debido a su tamaño microscópico. A su vez, el turismo antártico es una industria actualmente en aumento y diversificación. Los proyectos de ciencia ciudadana son una excelente herramienta para educar al turismo en cuanto a conservación e impactos del cambio climático. El proyecto FjordPhyto nace como una colaboración entre investigadores (principalmente de Estados Unidos y Argentina) con la Asociación Internacional de Operadores de Tours Antárticos (IAATO por sus siglas en inglés). Este proyecto de ciencia ciudadana aprovecha las embarcaciones turísticas como plataformas para tomar muestras e involucrar a la comunidad viajera en el legado de la investigación polar. El proyecto FjordPhyto busca crear concientización en las y los turistas sobre estas comunidades microscópicas, que incluso tienen la oportunidad de observar con un microscopio a bordo.Facultad de Informátic

Whole-genome sequencing reveals host factors underlying critical COVID-19

Critical COVID-19 is caused by immune-mediated inflammatory lung injury. Host genetic variation influences the development of illness requiring critical care1 or hospitalization2–4 after infection with SARS-CoV-2. The GenOMICC (Genetics of Mortality in Critical Care) study enables the comparison of genomes from individuals who are critically ill with those of population controls to find underlying disease mechanisms. Here we use whole-genome sequencing in 7,491 critically ill individuals compared with 48,400 controls to discover and replicate 23 independent variants that significantly predispose to critical COVID-19. We identify 16 new independent associations, including variants within genes that are involved in interferon signalling (IL10RB and PLSCR1), leucocyte differentiation (BCL11A) and blood-type antigen secretor status (FUT2). Using transcriptome-wide association and colocalization to infer the effect of gene expression on disease severity, we find evidence that implicates multiple genes—including reduced expression of a membrane flippase (ATP11A), and increased expression of a mucin (MUC1)—in critical disease. Mendelian randomization provides evidence in support of causal roles for myeloid cell adhesion molecules (SELE, ICAM5 and CD209) and the coagulation factor F8, all of which are potentially druggable targets. Our results are broadly consistent with a multi-component model of COVID-19 pathophysiology, in which at least two distinct mechanisms can predispose to life-threatening disease: failure to control viral replication; or an enhanced tendency towards pulmonary inflammation and intravascular coagulation. We show that comparison between cases of critical illness and population controls is highly efficient for the detection of therapeutically relevant mechanisms of disease

Whole-genome sequencing reveals host factors underlying critical COVID-19

Critical COVID-19 is caused by immune-mediated inflammatory lung injury. Host genetic variation influences the development of illness requiring critical care1 or hospitalization2,3,4 after infection with SARS-CoV-2. The GenOMICC (Genetics of Mortality in Critical Care) study enables the comparison of genomes from individuals who are critically ill with those of population controls to find underlying disease mechanisms. Here we use whole-genome sequencing in 7,491 critically ill individuals compared with 48,400 controls to discover and replicate 23 independent variants that significantly predispose to critical COVID-19. We identify 16 new independent associations, including variants within genes that are involved in interferon signalling (IL10RB and PLSCR1), leucocyte differentiation (BCL11A) and blood-type antigen secretor status (FUT2). Using transcriptome-wide association and colocalization to infer the effect of gene expression on disease severity, we find evidence that implicates multiple genes—including reduced expression of a membrane flippase (ATP11A), and increased expression of a mucin (MUC1)—in critical disease. Mendelian randomization provides evidence in support of causal roles for myeloid cell adhesion molecules (SELE, ICAM5 and CD209) and the coagulation factor F8, all of which are potentially druggable targets. Our results are broadly consistent with a multi-component model of COVID-19 pathophysiology, in which at least two distinct mechanisms can predispose to life-threatening disease: failure to control viral replication; or an enhanced tendency towards pulmonary inflammation and intravascular coagulation. We show that comparison between cases of critical illness and population controls is highly efficient for the detection of therapeutically relevant mechanisms of disease

Veronica peregrina

Angiosperm

Dichanthelium implicatum

Angiosperm