Collaboration sociale d'entreprise : Le réveil du courrier électronique ?

National audienceThis article studies the persistence of email while enterprise social collaborative tools are more and more promoted within firms: Can this be purely explained by the fear of change, or should other factors be considered? We claim here first that some important capabilities of messaging are lacking in enterprise social tools and second that email could be enhanced by adding new social capabilities. The first point is studied by a theoretical comparison of the different tools; the second point by a prototype followed by experimentation. This work leads to the conclusion that there are still some distinctive capabilities of messaging, which could explain its persistence, and also that email can remain a foundation to implement new social capabilities. These results open new research perspectives, and provide learnings to practitioners for the deployment of collaborative features for enterprises.Cet article part du constat de la persistance des usages de la messagerie électronique à l'heure des outils sociaux collaboratifs d'entreprise : est-elle uniquement explicable par des résistances au changement, ou d'autres facteurs doivent-ils être considérés ? Nous formulons ici les hypothèses que certaines capacités importantes de la messagerie manquent aux outils sociaux, puis que la messagerie peut être améliorée par l'ajout de nouvelles capacités sociales. La première hypothèse est étudiée par une comparaison théorique des différentes capacités des outils en présence ; la seconde par un prototypage suivi d'une expérimentation. Ces travaux concluent d'une part à l'existence de capacités distinctives de la messagerie susceptibles d'expliquer la persistance de son usage, et d'autre part à la possibilité de partir de l'email pour mettre en oeuvre de nouvelles capacités sociales, ouvrant ainsi des perspectives de recherche sur ce sujet, mais fournissant également des indications aux praticiens pour le déploiement de fonctions collaboratives dans les entreprises

A Vision Transformer Approach for Efficient Near-Field Irregular SAR Super-Resolution

In this paper, we develop a novel super-resolution algorithm for near-field synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) under irregular scanning geometries. As fifth-generation (5G) millimeter-wave (mmWave) devices are becoming increasingly affordable and available, high-resolution SAR imaging is feasible for end-user applications and non-laboratory environments. Emerging applications such freehand imaging, wherein a handheld radar is scanned throughout space by a user, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imaging, and automotive SAR face several unique challenges for high-resolution imaging. First, recovering a SAR image requires knowledge of the array positions throughout the scan. While recent work has introduced camera-based positioning systems capable of adequately estimating the position, recovering the algorithm efficiently is a requirement to enable edge and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. Efficient algorithms for non-cooperative near-field SAR sampling have been explored in recent work, but suffer image defocusing under position estimation error and can only produce medium-fidelity images. In this paper, we introduce a mobile-friend vision transformer (ViT) architecture to address position estimation error and perform SAR image super-resolution (SR) under irregular sampling geometries. The proposed algorithm, Mobile-SRViT, is the first to employ a ViT approach for SAR image enhancement and is validated in simulation and via empirical studies.Comment: Accepted to Proc. IEEE WMC

Incidence trends of childhood central nervous system tumors in Finland 1990-2017

Introduction Central nervous system (CNS) tumors are a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality in children. Our aim is to characterize incidence trends of pediatric CNS tumors in Finland over the last three decades. Methods Data on all benign and malignant incident CNS tumors diagnosed in children aged 0-14 years in 1990-2017 were extracted from the Finnish Cancer Registry and classified according to the 2016 WHO classification of CNS tumors. We analyzed age-standardized incidence rates (ASR) for pediatric CNS tumors overall and by sex, age, tumor histology, grade, and location using Poisson regression. We used joinpoint regression to evaluate changes in trends. Results Overall, 1117 pediatric CNS tumor cases were registered in Finland with a 1.2:1 male to female ratio. The average annual ASR was 4.3 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI 4.26, 4.34). The most common tumor type was pilocytic astrocytoma (30% of tumors), followed by medulloblastoma (10%) with incidence rates of 1.30 and 0.45 per 100,000 person-years, respectively. The overall incidence of pediatric CNS tumors increased by an annual percentage change (APC) of 0.8% (95% CI 0.2, 1.4). We observed no major changes in incidence trends of tumor histology groups or tumor location groups. The ASR of benign tumors increased by an APC of 1.0 (95% CI 0.1, 2.0). Conclusions Utilizing the high-quality and completeness of data in the Finnish Cancer registry, we found that the incidence of pediatric CNS tumors in Finland has increased slightly from 1990 until 2017. Although variations in diagnostic and registration practices over time might have affected the rates, the trend may also reflect a true increase in incidence.Peer reviewe

Effectiveness of the neutralizing antibody sotrovimab among high-risk patients with mild-to-moderate SARS-CoV-2 in Qatar

ObjectivesTo estimate the real-world effectiveness of sotrovimab against severe, critical, or fatal COVID-19 in Qatar at a time in which most SARS-CoV-2 incidences occurred due to the BA.2 Omicron subvariant. MethodsWe conducted a matched case-control study among all individuals eligible for sotrovimab treatment per United States Food and Drug Administration guidelines in the resident population of Qatar. The odds of progression to severe forms of COVID-19 were compared in cases (treatment group) versus controls (eligible patients who opted not to receive the treatment). Subgroup analyses were conducted. ResultsA total of 3364 individuals were eligible for sotrovimab treatment during the study period, of whom 519 individuals received the treatment, whereas the remaining 2845 constituted the controls. The adjusted odds ratio of disease progression to severe, critical, or fatal COVID-19 comparing the treatment group to the control group was 2.67 (95% confidence interval 0.60-11.91). In the analysis including only the subgroup of patients at higher risk of severe forms of COVID-19, the adjusted odds ratio was 0.65 (95% confidence interval 0.17-2.48). ConclusionThere was no evidence for a protective effect of sotrovimab in reducing COVID-19 severity in a setting dominated by the BA.2 subvariant

Interleukin-12p40 Modulates Human Metapneumovirus-Induced Pulmonary Disease in an Acute Mouse Model of Infection

The mechanisms that regulate the host immune response induced by human metapneumovirus (hMPV), a newly-recognized member of the Paramyxoviridae family, are largely unknown. Cytokines play an important role in modulating inflammatory responses during viral infections. IL-12p40, a known important mediator in limiting lung inflammation, is induced by hMPV and its production is sustained after the resolution phase of infection suggesting that this cytokine plays a role in the immune response against hMPV. In this work, we demonstrated that in mice deficient in IL-12p40, hMPV infection induced an exacerbated pulmonary inflammatory response and mucus production, altered cytokine response, and decreased lung function. However, hMPV infection in these mice does not have an effect on viral replication. These results identify an important regulatory role of IL-12p40 in hMPV infection

STAT5 drives abnormal proliferation in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) leads to renal failure. The hallmark of ADPKD is increased epithelial proliferation, which has been proposed to be due to atypical signaling including abnormal JAK-STAT activity. However, the relative contribution of JAK-STAT family members in promoting proliferation in ADPKD is unknown. Here, we present siRNA JAK-STAT-focused screens discovering a previously unknown proliferative role for multiple JAK-STAT components (including STAT1, STAT2, STAT4, STAT5a, and STAT5b). Amongst these, we selected to study the growth hormone/growth hormone receptor/STAT5-axis because of its known role as a regulator of growth in nonrenal tissues. Loss of STAT5 function, facilitated by pharmacological inhibition or siRNAs, significantly reduced proliferation with an associated reduction in cyst growth in vitro. To study whether STAT5 is abnormally activated in vivo, we analyzed its expression using two independent mouse models of ADPKD. STAT5 was nuclear, thus activated, in renal epithelial cyst lining cells in both models. To test whether forced activation of STAT5 can modulate proliferation of renal cells in vivo, irrespective of the Pkd1 status, we overexpressed growth hormone. These mice showed increased STAT5 activity in renal epithelial cells, which correlated with de novo expression of cyclin D1, a STAT5 target gene. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that STAT5 transcriptionally activated cyclin D1 in a growth hormone-dependent fashion, thus providing a mechanism into how STAT5 enhances proliferation. Finally, we provide evidence of elevated serum growth hormone in Pkd1 mutant mice. Thus, the growth hormone/STAT5 signaling axis is a novel therapeutic target in ADPKD

Le rôle des plateformes de média sociaux dans les entreprises : évaluation d'usage et impact sur l'environnement de travail numérique

Today’s organizations are increasingly promoting a shift of employees’ ways of working towards more agility and flexibility. This shift is empowered by new IT tools commonly known as “Enterprise Social Media” (ESM). Taking mainly the form of integrated platforms, these tools are deployed with the promise of enhancing employees’ communicative activities at the workplace while capitalizing on their social connections. Yet, it remains unclear for companies how their employees benefit from the use of these new tools (i.e., ESM platforms). Managers are unable to evaluate the use of these platforms and thus, tangibly measure the success of their investments. Moreover, introducing ESM platforms to the workplace impact the way the existing tools, such as email, are regarded and used. This leads to the question of whether these new platforms may be substitutes for the use of the existing tools. This thesis tackles the mentioned polemical questions about the place of ESM platforms in today’s enterprises. Carried out jointly with Orange labs, the thesis assesses the role ESM platforms could play in supporting organizations in reaching their objectives and hence sustaining their businesses in an extreme competitive context. It explores the real use of these platforms by offering a quantitative social network analysis and data mining of an established ESM platform currently in use. While relying on a proposed research model that characterizes the activity, the applied hypothesis tests allow determining the correct use of ESM platforms, which in turn indicates the success of their deployments. Moreover, the thesis argues through a reasoning approach that the ESM platforms are not capable of substituting the use of existing workplace tools. Instead, they work in tandem with certain tools such as email. Based on the latter argument, the email tagging service is introduced as an example of how existing workplace tools may be enriched with social features to derive increased benefit for the workforce. The thesis finally validates the service through implementation and testing. To conclude, it proposes and discusses scenarios of future social systems that involve the overall set of workplace tools in enterprisesDe plus en plus, les entreprises incitent aujourd’hui leurs employés à adopter des modes de travail agiles et flexibles. Cette transformation est outillée par de nouvelles plateformes informatiques intitulées "plateformes de média sociaux d’entreprise" (de l’anglais "Enterprise Social Media platforms – ESM platforms"). Ces plateformes portent la promesse d’améliorer la communication des employés dans leur environnement de travail tout en outillant leurs liens sociaux. Néanmoins, le bénéfice de l’usage de ces plateformes par leurs employés demeure vague et peu mesurable pour les entreprises, dont les dirigeants ont pourtant besoin d’évaluer cet usage et de mesurer ainsi tangiblement le succès de leurs investissements. De plus, le fait d’introduire des plateformes ESM dans les environnements de travail impacte la façon dont les outils existants, tels que la messagerie électronique, sont considérées et utilisés. La question qui se pose est alors de savoir si ces nouvelles plateformes pourraient remplacer l’usage des outils existants. Dans ce contexte, cette thèse adresse la problématique de la place des plateformes ESM dans les entreprises d’aujourd’hui. Elle examine l’usage réel de ces plateformes en offrant une analyse quantitative des réseaux sociaux, établie à partir de l’usage actuel de ces plateformes. En s’appuyant sur un modèle de recherche conçu pour caractériser l’activité, la thèse applique des tests d’hypothèse qui permettent de comparer l’usage prévu de ces plateformes à leur usage réel, et ainsi de mesurer le succès du déploiement de ces plateformes. De plus, cette thèse étudie, à travers une approche déductive et expérimentale, la capacité des plateformes ESM à remplacer l’usage des outils existants dans les environnements de travail. Ces plateformes fonctionnent aujourd’hui plutôt en tandem avec d’autres outils tels que la messagerie électronique. Cette thèse propose ainsi d’améliorer la messagerie par une fonctionnalité de tagging social afin que l’utilisateur puisse bénéficier de son réseau social sous-jacent. Ce service de tagging est ensuite testé et validé via un prototype. Pour conclure, cette thèse propose des scenarios pour les futurs systèmes sociaux, englobant la totalité des outils de l’environnement de travail au sein des entreprise