Prestación por desempleo. Su desarrollo en el Partido de General Pueyrredon

El equilibrio entre la oferta y la demanda que plantean los modelos teóricos acerca del mercado de trabajo, basados en factores que regulan tanto el número como la calidad de los empleos, se aleja de las realidades que hoy nos tocan analizar. En este contexto han surgido instituciones que tienden a producir ajustes en este mercado, una de ellas, la prestación por desempleo, se ha implementado en nuestro país desde 1992. Es nuestro objetivo realizar un estudio acerca de su desarrollo empírico en el Partido de General Pueyrredon, comparando con las diversas posturas teóricas que a nivel global se acercan al tema y las propuestas que hacen a su transformación.Fil: de los Santos, Marta. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; Argentina.Fil: Alfonso, Néstor Manuel. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; Argentina

Type of judge and decisions in dismissal cases: An analysis of Labour Courts in Spain

El objetivo de este artículo es profundizar en la relación existente entre las decisiones judiciales de lo social en España en los casos de despido y los costes asociados a la extinción de los contratos laborales. Primero justificamos que los cambios en la probabilidad de que un juez falle a favor de un trabajador afectan a los costes de despido del empleador. En segundo lugar, examinamos cómo difiere dicha probabilidad cuando el juez es titular o sustituto. Se observa una mayor dispersión en la resolución de los casos de los jueces sustitutos, y un significativo repunte en los años de crisis económica de los fallos judiciales a favor del trabajador al considerar los jueces titulares, siendo este más débil en los casos de los sustitutosThe aim of this paper is to examine in detail the relationship between the decisionsof the Spanish labour courts regarding dismissal, and the costs associated with the terminationof employment contracts. We explain the changes in the probability that a judge ruling infavour of a worker affects the effective firing costs that the employer faces. We also examine how this probability differs depending on whether the judge is in charge of the court or is asubstitute. There is a greater dispersion in the resolution of cases when there are substitute judges, with a significant rise, during the economic crisis, of court decisions in favour of theworkers with permanent judges, which is less so with substitute judge

Electrical Devices (Resynchronization and Defibrillators) in the Treatment of Cardiomyopathies: Indications, Present and Future of these Therapies

Cardiomyopathies are heart diseases involving high risk of heart failure and sudden cardiac death. In this chapter, we review the use of electrical devices (cardiac resynchronization therapy and implantable cardioverter defibrillator) to reduce the progression of heart failure and prevent arrhythmogenic sudden death in patients affected with these pathologies. The future of these therapies is a more appropriate indication for primary prevention of sudden death (defibrillator) and treatment of heart failure in a broader spectrum of patients (resynchronization)

Treatment of Dyspareunia with Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A: Clinical Improvement and Influence of Patients' Characteristics

[EN] The treatment of chronic pelvic pain (CPP) with botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) has increased lately, but more studies assessing its effect are needed. This study aimed to evaluate the evolution of patients after BoNT/A infiltration and identify potential responders to treatment. Twenty-four women with CPP associated with dyspareunia were treated with 90 units of BoNT/A injected into their pelvic floor muscle (PFM). Clinical status and PFM activity were monitored in a previous visit (PV) and 12 and 24 weeks after the infiltration (W12, W24) by validated clinical questionnaires and surface electromyography (sEMG). The influence of patients' characteristics on the reduction in pain at W12 and W24 was also assessed. After treatment, pain scores and the impact of symptoms on quality of life dropped significantly, sexual function improved and sEMG signal amplitude decreased on both sides of the PFM with no adverse events. Headaches and bilateral pelvic pain were risk factors for a smaller pain improvement at W24, while lower back pain was a protective factor. Apart from reporting a significant clinical improvement of patients with CPP associated with dyspareunia after BoNT/A infiltration, this study shows that clinical characteristics should be analyzed in detail to identify potential responders to treatment.This study was funded by Universitat Politecnica de Valencia in Programa de Ayudas de Investigacion y Desarrollo (PAID-01-20), ISCIII, MCIU, VLC Campus in Convocatoria Ayudas: UPV-La Fe (INBIO): 2016 SPEHG (ID:C18), 2019 sEMG_BONTAv (ID:C06) and funds from private contracts with Merz Pharmaceuticals GmbH S.L.Tarazona-Motes, M.; Albaladejo-Belmonte, M.; Nohales-Alfonso, FJ.; De-Arriba, M.; Garcia-Casado, J.; Alberola-Rubio, J. (2021). Treatment of Dyspareunia with Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A: Clinical Improvement and Influence of Patients' Characteristics. International Journal of Environmental research and Public Health. 18(16):1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168783S112181

Characterization of Pelvic Floor Activity in Healthy Subjects and with Chronic Pelvic Pain: Diagnostic Potential of Surface Electromyography

[EN] Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a highly disabling disorder in women usually associated with hypertonic dysfunction of the pelvic floor musculature (PFM). The literature on the subject is not conclusive about the diagnostic potential of surface electromyography (sEMG), which could be due to poor signal characterization. In this study, we characterized the PFM activity of three groups of 24 subjects each: CPP patients with deep dyspareunia associated with a myofascial syndrome (CPP group), healthy women over 35 and/or parous (>35/P group, i.e., CPP counterparts) and under 35 and nulliparous (RMS), a predominance of low-frequency components (DI), greater complexity (>SampEn) and lower synchronization on the same side (35/P group. The same trend in differences was found between healthy women (35/P) associated with aging and parity. These results show that sEMG can reveal alterations in PFM electrophysiology and provide clinicians with objective information for CPP diagnosis.This study was funded by Universitat Politecnica de Valencia in Programa de Ayudas de Investigacion y Desarrollo (PAID-01-20), ISCIII, MCIU, VLC Campus in Convocatoria Ayudas: UPV-La Fe (INBIO): 2016 SPEHG (ID:C18), 2019 sEMG_BONTAv (ID:C06) and funds from private contracts with Merz Pharmaceuticals GmbH S.Albaladejo-Belmonte, M.; Tarazona-Motes, M.; Nohales-Alfonso, FJ.; De-Arriba, M.; Alberola-Rubio, J.; Garcia-Casado, J. (2021). Characterization of Pelvic Floor Activity in Healthy Subjects and with Chronic Pelvic Pain: Diagnostic Potential of Surface Electromyography. Sensors. 21(6):1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21062225S11721

Fomentando el trabajo autónomo mediante técnicas de gamificación

A pesar de llevar ya unos años inmersos en el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior, aún existe un número apreciable de alumnos que no sigue las asignaturas de manera continuada, sino que se limita a estudiar cuando hay pruebas de evaluación. Con objeto de fomentar el trabajo continuo y cambiar las rutinas de estudio, se gamificaron dos asignaturas de la materia de bases de datos bajo estrategias distintas: una, basada en clasificación y otra, en medallas. Estas experiencias se describen y analizan en detalle atendiendo a la valoración de los docentes y a la opinión de los alumnos recogida mediante una encuesta anónima. Las experiencias tuvieron lugar en el curso académico 2017-18 con una participación total de 78 alumnos. Como resultado, se señalan consideraciones que puedan orientar a otros docentes en la propuesta de iniciativas de gamificación.Despite the existence of the European Higher Education Area for quite some years already, a considerable number of students still do not follow subjects continuously during the course. Instead, they limit their work to the study of any graded items. We promoted continuous work with the aim of changing study rutines and of improving the learning outcome. This promotion was based on the gamification of two subjects of database curricula following two different gamification strategies: the first one was defined around a ranking, while the second one consisted in badges earning. These experiences are described and analyzed in this work, taking into account the assessment of the teachers and the students? opinion gathered through a survey. Analyzed data correspond to the 2017-18 edition of each course with a participation of 78 students. As a result, we point out some considerations that may be of interest for teachers when formulating gamification initiatives.Este trabajo ha sido desarrollado en el marco del Proyecto de Innovación Docente de la Universidad de Cantabria

Soil moisture heterogeneity regulates water use in Populus nigra L. by altering root and xylem sap phytohormone concentrations

Soil moisture heterogeneity in the root-zone is common during both the establishment of tree seedlings and in experiments aiming to impose semi-constant soil moisture deficits, but its effects on regulating plant water use compared to homogenous soil drying are not well known in trees. Pronounced vertical soil moisture heterogeneity was imposed on black poplar (Populus nigra L.) grown in soil columns by altering irrigation frequency, to test whether plant water use, hydraulic responses, root phytohormone concentrations, and root xylem sap chemical composition differed between wet (well-watered, WW), homogeneously (infrequent deficit irrigation, IDI) and heterogeneously dry soil (frequent deficit irrigation, FDI). At the same bulk soil water content, FDI plants had greater water use than IDI plants, probably because root abscisic acid (ABA) concentration was low in the upper wetter layer of FDI plants, which maintained root xylem sap ABA concentration at basal levels in contrast with IDI. Soil drying did not increase root xylem concentration of any other hormone. Nevertheless, plant-to-plant variation in xylem jasmonic acid (JA) concentration was negatively related to leaf stomatal conductance within WW and FDI plants. However, feeding detached leaves with high (1,200 nM) JA concentrations via the transpiration stream decreased transpiration only marginally. Xylem pH and sulphate concentration decreased in FDI plants compared to well-watered plants. Frequent deficit irrigation increased root accumulation of the cytokinin trans-zeatin (tZ), especially in the dry lower layer, and of the ethylene precursor ACC, in the wet upper soil layer. Root hormone accumulation might explain the maintenance of high root hydraulic conductance and water use in FDI plants (similar to well-watered plants) compared to IDI plants. In irrigated tree crops, growers could vary irrigation scheduling to control water use by altering the hormone balance

A Method of Pruning and Random Replacing of Known Values for Comparing Missing Data Imputation Models for Incomplete Air Quality Time Series

[EN] The data obtained from air quality monitoring stations, which are used to carry out studies using data mining techniques, present the problem of missing values. This paper describes a research work on missing data imputation. Among the most common methods, the method that best imputes values to the available data set is analysed. It uses an algorithm that randomly replaces all known values in a dataset once with imputed values and compares them with the actual known values, forming several subsets. Data from seven stations in the Silesian region (Poland) were analyzed for hourly concentrations of four pollutants: nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), particles of 10 μm or less (PM10) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) for five years. Imputations were performed using linear imputation (LI), predictive mean matching (PMM), random forest (RF), k-nearest neighbours (k-NN) and imputation by Kalman smoothing on structural time series (Kalman) methods and performance evaluations were performed. Once the comparison method was validated, it was determine that, in general, Kalman structural smoothing and the linear imputation methods best fitted the imputed values to the data pattern. It was observed that each imputation method behaves in an analogous way for the different stations The variables with the best results are NO2 and SO2. The UMI method is the worst imputer for missing values in the data sets.S