Efecto de Tecnologías Combinadas sobre las características Físico-Químicas y Microbiológicas de Encurtidos de Pimiento Piquillo (Capsicum Annuum, L.) Variedad Piquillo durante el Tiempo de Almacenamiento

El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo por objetivo evaluar el efecto de tecnologías combinadas sobre las características físico-químicas y microbiológicas de encurtidos de pimiento piquillo (Capsicum annuum, L.) Variedad piquillo durante el tiempo de almacenamiento, para lo cual se empleó un Diseño experimental con un total de 16 tratamientos los cuales fueron replicados tres veces teniendo un total de 48 unidades experimentales, determinando el pH, acidez (%) y recuento de mohos y levaduras evaluados a 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 25 y 30 días de almacenamiento. Se aplicó un análisis de varianza (ANOVA). Se observaron diferencias significativas en la determinación de pH, acidez (%) y recuento de mohos y levaduras ufc/g (p<0,05); obteniendo resultados que el efecto del pH en encurtido de pimiento piquillo fue que el tratamiento con tecnologías combinadas presentó menor variación del pH de 3.75 a 3.81 al día 30 de almacenamiento, para el caso de la muestra control (Sin tecnología combinada) el pH presentó mayor variación de 3.76 a 3.94, el mismo comportamiento ocurrió en la acidez (%), donde se obtuvo que el tratamiento con tecnologías combinadas presento menor variación de la acidez de 1.23 a 1.16% al día 30 de almacenamiento, para el caso del control (Sin tecnología combinada) la acidez presentó mayor variación de 1.24 a 1.09%. Con respecto al recuento de mohos y levaduras en encurtido de pimiento piquillo fue que el tratamiento con tecnologías combinadas presentó 0 ufc/g durante los 30 días de almacenamiento, para el caso del control (Sin tecnología combinada) el recuento de mohos y levaduras presentó variación de 0 a 1.7x10² ufc/g. En conclusión se determinó que el tratamiento que presentó mejores resultados respecto a la variación del pH, acidez (%) y recuento de mohos y levaduras ufc/g en encurtido de pimiento piquillo fue el uso de tecnologías combinadas durante 30 días de almacenamiento

Trabajo de titulación previo a la obtención del título de Arquitecto Urbanista.

Las ciudades latinoamericanas se enfrentan a la escases de suelo dentro de sus espacios urbanos, de igual manera el crecimiento poblacional anual es mayor con el transcurso de los años dejando evidencias en las ciudades tales como asentamientos informales y demostraciones de hacinamiento, la oportunidad que presenta la ciudad de Quito, al liberarse de la carga que ha presentado en términos urbanísticos el Aeropuerto Mariscal Sucre, presenta una promesa de liberación de un tradicional crecimiento expansivo hacia uno densificado, es así que el presente trabajo de investigación toma la premisa de la eliminación de este equipamiento y la producción de vacíos urbanos y/o no lugares en sus inmediaciones como el punto de partida hacia una ciudad densificada y el fortalecimiento de su sistema de centralidades, analizando estos suelos de gran valor tanto comercial como urbanos, a través de una metodología compuesta del análisis físico, ambiental y social de este sector con el fin de implantar un edificio de viviendas en altura como primer paso a una rehabilitación de un área que se ha visto privada de una estructuración urbana y arquitectónica, debido a los procesos históricos y al crecimiento desordenado de la ciudad

Factores que influyen en la intención de compra de productos medicinales a base de Cannabis.

La justificación del presente proyecto de investigación está dada por la necesidad que existe en el país de tener un preámbulo sobre la intención de compra en diferentes segmentos del mercado nacional y que estarían dispuestos a comprar o usar medicina a base de cannabis. Por lo anterior, el documento presenta el resultado de una amplia revisión de literatura en donde se incorporan diferentes estudios sobre intención de compra a nivel nacional e internacional los cuales hacen uso de la Teoría del Comportamiento Planeado (TCP) aplicado bajo el modelo de ecuaciones estructurales con mínimos cuadrados PLS- SEM. Con base en estas investigaciones se determinaron los constructos objeto de este estudio, y se procedió a la elaboración del modelo con el fin de determinar cuál es el constructo que mayor influencia tiene en la intención de compra de productos medicinales a base de cannabis, a saber, las normas subjetivas, la actitud, el control conductual percibido o la percepción del producto. Finalmente, para determinar lo descrito anteriormente, a partir de otros estudios se diseñó un instrumento con el fin de indagar mediante una encuesta debidamente estructurada, cuyos resultados fueron incorporados y modelados bajo el software SmartPLS, y permiten determinar cuál constructo tiene mayor influencia en la intención de compra de productos a base de cannabis y validar las hipótesis para así entonces obtener conclusiones estadísticamente significativas y validadas metodológicamente.Resumen ; Introducción ; 1. Revisión de la literatura ; 2. Metodología ; 3. Resultados y discusión ; 4. Conclusiones.Magíster en Administración de Empresas, CESA.The justification for this research project is given by the need that exists in the country to have a preamble about the purchase intention in different segments of the national market and that they would be willing to buy or use cannabis-based medicine. Therefore, the document presents the result of an extensive literature review where different studies on purchase intention are incorporated at a national and international level, which make use of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) applied under the model of structural equations with least squares. PLS- SEM. Based on these investigations, the constructs object of this study were determined, and the model was elaborated in order to determine which is the construct that has the greatest influence on the intention to purchase cannabis-based medicinal products, namely, subjective norms, attitude, perceived behavioral control or perception of the product. Finally, to determine what was described above, an instrument was designed from other studies in order to investigate through a properly structured survey, the results of which were incorporated and modeled under the SmartPLS software, and to allow determining which one has the greatest influence on intention. purchase of cannabis-based products and validate the hypotheses to obtain statistically significant and methodologically validated conclusions.Maestrí

Boid Inclusion Body Disease Is Also a Disease of Wild Boa Constrictors

Reptarenaviruses cause boid inclusion body disease (BIBD), a potentially fatal disease, occurring in captive constrictor snakes boas and pythons worldwide. Classical BIBD, characterized by the formation of pathognomonic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies (IBs), occurs mainly in boas, whereas in pythons, for example, reptarenavirus infection most often manifests as central nervous system signs with limited IB formation. The natural hosts of reptarenaviruses are unknown, although free-ranging/wild constrictor snakes are among the suspects. Here, we report BIBD with reptarenavirus infection in indigenous captive and wild boid snakes in Costa Rica using histology, immunohistology, transmission electron microscopy, and next-generation sequencing (NGS). The snakes studied represented diagnostic postmortem cases of captive and wild-caught snakes since 1989. The results from NGS on archival paraffin blocks confirm that reptarenaviruses were already present in wild boa constrictors in Costa Rica in the 1980s. Continuous sequences that were de novo assembled from the low-quality RNA obtained from paraffin-embedded tissue allowed the identification of a distinct pair of reptarenavirus S and L segments in all studied animals; in most cases, reference assembly could recover almost complete segments. Sampling of three prospective cases in 2018 allowed an examination of fresh blood or tissues and resulted in the identification of additional reptarenavirus segments and hartmanivirus coinfection. Our results show that BIBD is not only a disease of captive snakes but also occurs in indigenous wild constrictor snakes in Costa Rica, suggesting boa constrictors to play a role in natural reptarenavirus circulation. IMPORTANCE The literature describes cases of boid inclusion body disease (BIBD) in captive snakes since the 1970s, and in the 2010s, others and ourselves identified reptarenaviruses as the causative agent. BIBD affects captive snakes globally, but the origin and the natural host of reptarenaviruses remain unknown. In this report, we show BIBD and reptarenavirus infections in two native Costa Rican constrictor snake species, and by studying archival samples, we show that both the viruses and the disease have been present in free-ranging/wild snakes in Costa Rica at least since the 1980s. The diagnosis of BIBD in wild boa constrictors suggests that this species plays a role in the circulation of reptarenaviruses. Additional sample collection and analysis would help to clarify this role further and the possibility of, e.g., vector transmission from an arthropod host

A methodology to select suppliers to increase sustainability within supply chains

[EN] Sustainability practice within supply chains remains in an early development phase. Enterprises still need tools that support the integration of sustainability strategy into their activity, and to align their sustainability strategy with the supplier selection process. This paper proposes a methodology using a multi-criteria technique to support supplier selection decisions by taking two groups of inputs that integrate sustainability performance: supply chain performance and supplier assessment criteria. With the proposed methodology, organisations will have a tool to select suppliers based on their development towards sustainability and on their alignment with the supply chain strategy towards sustainability. The methodology is applied to an agri-food supply chain to assess sustainability in the supplier selection process.The authors of this publication acknowledge the contribution of Project GV/2017/065 'Development of a decision support tool for the management and improvement of sustainability in supply chains', funded by the Regional Valencian Government. Also, the authors acknowledge Project 691249, RUC-APS: Enhancing and implementing knowledge-based ICT solutions within high risk and uncertain conditions for agriculture production systems (www.ruc-aps.eu), funded by the European Union according to funding scheme H2020-MSCA-RISE-2015.Verdecho Sáez, MJ.; Alarcón Valero, F.; Pérez Perales, D.; Alfaro Saiz, JJ.; Rodríguez Rodríguez, R. (2021). A methodology to select suppliers to increase sustainability within supply chains. 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Occurrence of Rhabditid Nematodes in the Pet Giant African Land Snails (Achatina fulica)

Gastropods comprise nearly 60,000 species of aquatic as well as terrestrial mollusks, primarily snails and slugs. The giant African land snail (Achatina fulica) is one of the most popular pet snails worldwide. This gastropod mollusk is known as the intermediate host of several parasites that cause severe diseases in pets, free-ranging vertebrates, and humans. The aim of this survey was to investigate the occurrence of parasites in giant African land snails kept as pets in southern Italy. Fresh fecal samples were collected from a total of 60 giant African land snails kept in three private collections in Campania region (Italy). In addition, microscopic analysis of mucus and histological examination of biopsy samples from the foot muscle of 30 individual snails were performed. Coprological examination revealed the presence of rhabditid nematodes identified by both morphological and molecular assessment as Rhabditella axei in two out of three examined samples, and Rhabditis terricola, Cruznema sp., and Pristionchus entomophagus in one coprological sample. No parasites were detected in the muscle biopsy samples, or in the mucus. Due to the potential harm of rhabditid nematodes, their presence in giant African land snails potentially in contact with both pets and humans should not be disregarded

Depletion of complement enhances the clearance of Brucella abortus in mice

Brucellosis is a bacterial disease of animals and humans. Brucella abortus barely activates the innate immune system at the onset of infection, and this bacterium is resistant to the microbicidal action of complement. Since complement stands as the first line of defense during bacterial invasions, we explored the role of complement in B. abortus infections. Brucella abortus-infected mice depleted of complement with cobra venom factor (CVF) showed the same survival rate as mice in the control group. The complement-depleted mice readily eliminated B. abortus from the spleen and did so more efficiently than the infected controls after 7 days of infection. The levels of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 (IL-6) remained within background levels in complement-depleted B. abortus-infected mice. In contrast, the levels of the immune activator cytokine gamma interferon and the regulatory cytokine IL-10 were significantly increased. No significant histopathological changes in the liver and spleen were observed between the complement-depleted B. abortus-infected mice and the corresponding controls. The action exerted by Brucella on the immune system in the absence of complement may correspond to a broader phenomenon that involves several components of innate immunity.Universidad de Costa Rica/[803-B0-601]/UCR/Costa RicaUniversidad de Costa Rica/[803-B8-762]/UCR/Costa RicaInternational Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology/[CRP/16/005]/ICGBE/ArgentinaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias de la Salud::Instituto Clodomiro Picado (ICP)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias de la Salud::Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (CIET)UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Salud::Facultad de Microbiologí

Detección proviral de HTLV-1 mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR)

Objetivos: Detectar el genoma proviral de HTLV-1 mediante el desarrollo de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR). Diseño: Descriptivo. Institución: D.A. Microbiología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, UNMSM. Participantes: Personas con y sin sospecha de HTLV-I. Principales medidas de resultados: detección de HTLV-1 mediante PCR. Resultados: El 71,4% de los pacientes con sospecha clínica de HTLV-I fue reactivo por métodos Inmunológico. Elisa HTLV I-II Biokit detectó 5 casos reactivos (X=2,359 ± DE: 0,7309); los dos casos con sospecha clínica de HTLV- I fueron no reactivos (DO: 0,007 y 0,04); los tres casos con antecedente clínico de estrongiloidiosis fueron no reactivos al Elisa (DO: 0,029, 0,001 y 0,00). El promedio de los sueros no reactivos con antecedente clínico de HTLV-1 y estrongiloidiosis fue 0,0154 ±0,018. En el grupo de voluntarios sanos, el promedio de las DO fue 0,0085 ± 0,0068. Al comparar los grupos, se observó que hubo diferencias significativas entre el grupo HTLV-1 y los grupos estrongiloidiosis y controles sanos (p&lt;0,05). La amplificación del ADN gonómico (proviral) de muestras sanguíneas utilizó primers de la región Pol I. Conclusiones: El método inmunológico permitió diferenciar los grupos de estudio. El producto de amplificación de los pacientes con HTLV-I fue de 117 pb