686 research outputs found
Genus-specific kinetoplast-DNA PCR and parasite culture for the diagnosis of localised cutaneous leishmaniasis: applications for clinical trials under field conditions in Brazil
The positivities of two methods for the diagnosis of localised cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) were estimated in 280 patients enrolled in a clinical trial. The trial was conducted in an endemic area of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and trial participants were patients with skin ulcers and positive leishmanin skin tests. Patients underwent aspirative skin punctures of the ulcerated lesions and lymph nodes for in vitro cultures, which were processed under field conditions at the local health centre. Skin lesion biopsies were tested at a reference laboratory using kinetoplastid DNA (kDNA)-PCR to detect DNA. The median time required to obtain a positive culture from the skin samples was seven days and the contamination rate of the samples was 1.8%. The positivities of the cultures from skin lesions, kDNA-PCR and the combination of the two methods were 78.2% (95% CI: 73-82.6%), 89.3% (95% CI: 85.1-92.4%) and 97.1% (95% CI: 94.5-98.5%). We conclude that parasite culture is a feasible method for the detection of Leishmania in field conditions and that the combination of culture and PCR has a potential role for the diagnosis of CL in candidates for clinical trials
Estratégias para o controle de capim-amargoso (Digitaria insularis) resistente ao glyphosate na cultura milho safrinha
The sourgrass (Digitaria insularis) characteristics of aggressiveness and the existence of glyphosate resistant biotypes puts this weed in evidence in the Brazilian agricultural scenario In this regard, the present study aimed at the development and evaluation of strategies for the management of sourgrass (Digitaria insularis) resistant to glyphosate in out-of-season corn crop. The use of paraquat in pre-harvest burn-down of soybean followed by the application of clethodim two days after harvesting soybeans provided flexibility to choose the herbicide used as post-emergent in corn.As caracterĂsticas de agressividade do capim-amargoso (Digitaria insularis) e a existĂȘncia de biĂłtipos resistentes ao glyphosate colocam esta planta daninha em evidĂȘncia no cenĂĄrio agrĂcola brasileiro. Neste sentido, o trabalho teve como objetivo a avaliação de estratĂ©gias para o manejo de capim-amargoso (Digitaria insularis) resistente ao glyphosate na cultura do milho safrinha. A utilização paraquat na dessecação prĂ©-colheita da soja seguida da aplicação de clethodim dois dias apĂłs a colheita da proporcionou a maior flexibilidade para a escolha dos herbicidas utilizados em pĂłs-emergĂȘncia do milho
Efeito da adição do 2,4-D ao glyphosate para o controle de espĂ©cies de plantas daninhas de difĂcil controle
The 2,4-D has been one of the most widely used herbicide in combination with glyphosate, especially in applications desiccation pre-planting. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding 2,4-D to glyphosate for the control of weed species considered difficult to control (Commelina benghalensis, Richardia brasiliensis, Euphorbia heterophylla, Spermacoce latifolia, Ipomoea grandifolia e Conyza spp.). The experimental design was completely randomized, and treatments were arranged in a 3 x 4 factorial design with four replications. The first factor was composed of stages of development of weeds (2-4, 4-6 e >10 leaves) and the second factor by treatment with glyphosate (720 g i.a. ha-1), 2,4-D (670 g i.a. ha-1) glyphosate+2,4-D (720+670 g i.a. ha-1) and a treatment without herbicide (control). For Conyza spp. in green house, were performed three additional herbicide treatments varying doses of glyphosate and 2,4-D. The addition of 2,4-D to glyphosate is crucial to accelerate and improve weed control considered unwieldy as those studied in this work.O 2,4-D tem sido um dos herbicidas mais utilizados em associação com o glyphosate, principalmente nas aplicaçÔes de dessecação em prĂ©-plantio. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da adição do 2,4-D ao glyphosate visando o controle de espĂ©cies de plantas daninhas consideradas de difĂcil controle (Commelina benghalensis, Richardia brasiliensis, Euphorbia heterophylla, Spermacoce latifolia, Ipomoea grandifolia e Conyza spp.). O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, e os tratamentos foram arranjados em esquema fatorial 3 x 4, com quatro repetiçÔes. O primeiro fator foi constituĂdo por estĂĄdios de desenvolvimento das plantas daninhas (2-4, 4-6 e >10 folhas) e o segundo fator por tratamentos com glyphosate (720 g i.a. ha-1), 2,4-D (670 g i.a. ha-1) glyphosate+2,4-D (720+670 g i.a. ha-1) e um tratamento sem herbicida (testemunha). Para a buva em casa-de-vegetação, foram realizados mais trĂȘs tratamentos herbicidas adicionais variando as doses de glyphosate e 2,4-D. A adição de 2,4-D ao glyphosate foi determinante para acelerar e melhorar o controle de plantas daninhas de difĂcil controle estudadas
Tracheal restoration in dogs with umbilical cord membrane of bovine preserved in glicerin
A viabilidade do uso da membrana do cordĂŁo umbilical de bovinos, conservada em glicerina, foi estudada na reparação da traquĂ©ia cervical de cĂŁes. Foram utilizados sete cĂŁes, adultos, trĂȘs machos e quatro fĂȘmeas, sem raça definida com peso variando de 6 a 14 kg. TrĂȘs anĂ©is traqueais (1,5 x 2,5 cm) foram removidos parcialmente para implantação de um segmento de membrana umbilical. Os animais foram observados por um perĂodo de 30 dias de pĂłs-operatĂłrio (PO), quando foram reoperados para observaçÔes macroscĂłpicas e coleta de amostras para avaliação histolĂłgica. Ocorreu reparação da lesĂŁo traqueal, com formação de tecido de granulação, rico em fibras colĂĄgenas unindo as extremidades das cartilagens traqueais do defeito e migração epitelial na superfĂcie traqueal. A membrana do cordĂŁo umbilical de bovino conservado em glicerina pode ser utilizada na reparação de defeitos traqueais, pois oferece suporte temporĂĄrio para a formação de tecido de granulação e permite a epitelização na regiĂŁo do implante.The viability of the use the bovine umbilical membrane preserved in 98% glycerin implanted in the cervical trachea was studied. Seven adult mongrel dogs, three males and four females weighting 6 to 14 kg, were used. After the usual anesthesia protocol and asseptic technique, three tracheal rings were partially removed for implantation of a segment of the umbilical membrane. The animals were observed during 30 days and then reoperated for macroscopic observations and for fragment collection for histological evaluation. It occurred a repair of the tracheal lesion, with formation of granulation tissue rich in collagen fibers linking the extremities of the tracheal cartilages. Epithelial migration over the tracheal surface was also seen. It is concluded that the segment of the bovine umbilical cord preserved in 98% glycerin can be used in the repair of tracheal defects. It offers a temporary support for granulation tissue formation and epithelization in the implanted area
Tratamento cirĂșrgico de sialolito localizado em regiĂŁo submandibular direita â Relato de caso / Surgical treatment of sialolith located in the right submandibular region â Case report
Os sialolitos sĂŁo caracterizados por uma massa calcificada localizada dentro do ducto salivar resultando em diminuição do seu fluxo. O tamanho dos cĂĄlculos Ă© variado e estĂĄ relacionado com a sintomatologia do paciente. O exame fĂsico sistematizado seguido do exame radiogrĂĄfico asseguram correto diagnĂłstico e prognostico da lesĂŁo. O tratamento varia de conservador a excisĂŁo cirĂșrgica de acordo com o tamanho do sialolito. Este trabalho objetiva relatar um caso clĂnico de um sialolito presente no ducto de Wharton tratado por excisĂŁo cirĂșrgica, discutindo as opçÔes de tratamento e prognostico. Paciente com queixa de dor constante na regiĂŁo submandibular direita, onde foi constatado no exame fĂsico um aumento de volume endurecido, liso e mĂłvel nessa regiĂŁo. No exame de imagem foi observado uma condensação radiopaca ovalada intimamente relacionada Ă porção proximal do ducto de Warthon sendo a suspeita diagnĂłstica um sialolito em ducto de glĂąndula submandibular direita. O tratamento de escolha foi a remoção cirĂșrgica total da lesĂŁo devido ao tamanho da lesĂŁo, e sua localização, necessitando de um tratamento mais agressivo. Tratamento agressivo para cĂĄlculos maiores constitui a opção de tratamento mais viĂĄvel e resolutiva
Mapeamento de manchas de inundação utilizando modelagem hidrológica e hidrodinùmica em escala local, regional e continental
Direito fundamental à educação, diversidade e homofobia na escola: desafios à construção de um ambiente de aprendizado livre, plural e democråtico
Expected Performance of the ATLAS Experiment - Detector, Trigger and Physics
A detailed study is presented of the expected performance of the ATLAS
detector. The reconstruction of tracks, leptons, photons, missing energy and
jets is investigated, together with the performance of b-tagging and the
trigger. The physics potential for a variety of interesting physics processes,
within the Standard Model and beyond, is examined. The study comprises a series
of notes based on simulations of the detector and physics processes, with
particular emphasis given to the data expected from the first years of
operation of the LHC at CERN
Neutrophil Paralysis in Plasmodium vivax Malaria
Plasmodium vivax is responsible for approximately 60â80% of the malaria cases in the world, and contributes to significant social and economic instability in the developing countries of Latin America and Asia. The pathogenesis of P. vivax malaria is a consequence of host derived inflammatory mediators. Hence, a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in induction of systemic inflammation during P. vivax malaria is critical for the clinical management and prevention of severe disease. The innate immune receptors recognize Plasmodium sp. and initiate a broad spectrum of host defense mechanisms that mediate resistance to infection. However, the innate immune response is the classic âtwo-edged swordâ, and clinical malaria is associated with high levels of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our findings show that both monocytes and neutrophils are highly activated during malaria. Monocytes produced high levels of IL-1ÎČ, IL-6 and TNF-α during acute malaria. On the other hand, neutrophils were a poor source of cytokines, but displayed an enhanced phagocytic activity and superoxide production. Unexpectedly, we noticed an impaired chemotaxis of neutrophils towards an IL-8 (CXCL8) gradient. We proposed that neutrophil paralysis is in part responsible for the enhanced susceptibility to bacterial infection observed in malaria patients
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