A Pedagogia da Alternância na formação inicial de educadores do campo: contribuições e desafios

ABSTRACT. The aim of this paper is to present a study and promote reflections on the contributions and challenges of Pedagogy of Alternation in a Rural Education Degree Course, with a focus on Natural Sciences. For the development of the research, data were collected through questionnaires and from the analysis of the Course’s documents. The results showed contributions of Pedagogy of Alternation, which opens the possibility of graduates entering and continuing in university studies, and brings teachers and students closer to their communities. Challenges were also pointed out, such as the financial burden on undergraduates and the Course to cover housing expenses and cover transportation and food expenses; exhaustiveness and little use in University Time; the need for the graduates to get closer to the university environment and life during the Community Time; the importance of the adherence of the professors to teaching methodologies that are linked to the principles and foundations of Rural Education; the realization of integrative alternating; and the promotion of an inter and transdisciplinary Science teaching, aimed at the formation of rural educators.ABSTRACT. The aim of this paper is to present a study and promote reflections on the contributions and challenges of Pedagogy of Alternation in a Rural Education Degree Course, with a focus on Natural Sciences. For the development of the research, data were collected through questionnaires and from the analysis of the Course’s documents. The results showed contributions of Pedagogy of Alternation, which opens the possibility of graduates entering and continuing in university studies, and brings teachers and students closer to their communities. Challenges were also pointed out, such as the financial burden on undergraduates and the Course to cover housing expenses and cover transportation and food expenses; exhaustiveness and little use in University Time; the need for the graduates to get closer to the university environment and life during the Community Time; the importance of the adherence of the professors to teaching methodologies that are linked to the principles and foundations of Rural Education; the realization of integrative alternating; and the promotion of an inter and transdisciplinary Science teaching, aimed at the formation of rural educators.RESUMEN. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar un estudio y promover reflexiones sobre las contribuciones y los desafíos de la Pedagogía de la Alternancia en un Curso de Licenciatura en Educación del Campo enfocado en Ciencias Naturales. Para el desarrollo de la investigación, los datos se recopilaron a través de cuestionarios y del análisis de los documentos del Curso. Los resultados mostraron que la Pedagogía de la Alternancia abre la posibilidad de que los graduados ingresen y continúen sus estudios universitarios; acerca maestros y estudiantes a sus comunidades. También se señalaron desafíos, como la carga financiera de los estudiantes universitarios y el Curso para cubrir los gastos de vivienda y gastos de transporte y alimentación; exhaustividad y poco uso en el Tiempo Universidad; la necesidad de que los graduados se acerquen al entorno y la vida universitaria durante el Tiempo Comunidad; la importancia de la adhesión del profesorado del curso a las metodologías de enseñanza que están vinculadas a los principios y fundamentos de la educación rural; la realización de alternancia integrativa; y la promoción de una enseñanza de ciencias inter y transdisciplinaria, dirigida a la formación de educadores en el campo.ABSTRACT. The aim of this paper is to present a study and promote reflections on the contributions and challenges of Pedagogy of Alternation in a Rural Education Degree Course, with a focus on Natural Sciences. For the development of the research, data were collected through questionnaires and from the analysis of the Course’s documents. The results showed contributions of Pedagogy of Alternation, which opens the possibility of graduates entering and continuing in university studies, and brings teachers and students closer to their communities. Challenges were also pointed out, such as the financial burden on undergraduates and the Course to cover housing expenses and cover transportation and food expenses; exhaustiveness and little use in University Time; the need for the graduates to get closer to the university environment and life during the Community Time; the importance of the adherence of the professors to teaching methodologies that are linked to the principles and foundations of Rural Education; the realization of integrative alternating; and the promotion of an inter and transdisciplinary Science teaching, aimed at the formation of rural educators.O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar um estudo e promover reflexões sobre as contribuições e os desafios da Pedagogia da Alternância em um Curso de Licenciatura em Educação do Campo, com enfoque em Ciências da Natureza, da Universidade Federal do Piauí. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, os dados foram coletados por meio de questionários aplicados a estudantes e a partir da análise de documentos do Curso. Os resultados mostraram que a Pedagogia da Alternância abre a possibilidade dos licenciandos ingressarem e continuarem nos estudos universitários; além de aproximar os professores e os estudantes e suas comunidades. Também foram apontados desafios, como a sobrecarga financeira para os licenciandos e para o Curso quanto a custear despesas com hospedagem e cobrir gastos com transporte e alimentação; a exaustividade e pouco aproveitamento no Tempo Universidade; a necessidade de aproximação dos licenciandos ao ambiente e vida universitários durante o Tempo Comunidade; a importância da adesão do corpo docente do Curso a metodologias de ensino que estejam vinculadas aos princípios e fundamentos da Educação do Campo; a realização da alternância integrativa; e a promoção de um ensino de Ciências inter e transdisciplinar, voltado para a formação de educadores do campo. Palavras-chave: Pedagogia da Alternância, Licenciatura em Educação do Campo, Tempo Universidade, Tempo Comunidade, Formação docente.   Pedagogy of Alternation in the initial training of rural educators: contributions and challenges                         ABSTRACT. The aim of this paper is to present a study and promote reflections on the contributions and challenges of Pedagogy of Alternation in a Rural Education Degree Course, with a focus on Natural Sciences. For the development of the research, data were collected through questionnaires and from the analysis of the Course’s documents. The results showed contributions of Pedagogy of Alternation, which opens the possibility of graduates entering and continuing in university studies, and brings teachers and students closer to their communities. Challenges were also pointed out, such as the financial burden on undergraduates and the Course to cover housing expenses and cover transportation and food expenses; exhaustiveness and little use in University Time; the need for the graduates to get closer to the university environment and life during the Community Time; the importance of the adherence of the professors to teaching methodologies that are linked to the principles and foundations of Rural Education; the realization of integrative alternating; and the promotion of an inter and transdisciplinary Science teaching, aimed at the formation of rural educators. Keywords: Pedagogy of Alternation, Rural Education Degree Course, University Time, Community Time, Teacher training.   Pedagogía de la Alternancia en la formación inicial de educadores de campo: contribuciones y desafíos RESUMEN. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar un estudio y promover reflexiones sobre las contribuciones y los desafíos de la Pedagogía de la Alternancia en un Curso de Licenciatura en Educación del Campo enfocado en Ciencias Naturales. Para el desarrollo de la investigación, los datos se recopilaron a través de cuestionarios y del análisis de los documentos del Curso. Los resultados mostraron que la Pedagogía de la Alternancia abre la posibilidad de que los graduados ingresen y continúen sus estudios universitarios; acerca maestros y estudiantes a sus comunidades. También se señalaron desafíos, como la carga financiera de los estudiantes universitarios y el Curso para cubrir los gastos de vivienda y gastos de transporte y alimentación; exhaustividad y poco uso en el Tiempo Universidad; la necesidad de que los graduados se acerquen al entorno y la vida universitaria durante el Tiempo Comunidad; la importancia de la adhesión del profesorado del curso a las metodologías de enseñanza que están vinculadas a los principios y fundamentos de la educación rural; la realización de alternancia integrativa; y la promoción de una enseñanza de ciencias inter y transdisciplinaria, dirigida a la formación de educadores en el campo. Palabras clave: Pedagogía de Alternancia, Licenciatura en Educación del Campo, Tiempo Universidad, Tiempo Comunidad, Formación del profesorado

Broadcasting à luz da Ergologia: notas de pesquisa

Na Engenharia de Produção, um dos fatores considerados relevantes nos sistemas produtivos são os fatores humanos. Apesar disso, a quantidade de estudos centrada nesses fatores ainda é pouca. Assim, a Ergologia trás justamente essa perspectiva a ser melhor explorada. No Broadcasting que é a produção e distribuição de conteúdo jornalístico, educativo e de entretenimento em larga escala, tende a abordar questões que também não focam nos serem humanos apesar de serem a motivação principal da sua existência e suas principais interfaces. Deste modo, o presente trabalho levanta de modo incipiente algumas conexões que possibilitam uma futura continuidade e aprofundamento do estudo

Evaluation of self-perception of mechanical ventilation knowledge among Brazilian final-year medical students, residents and emergency physicians

OBJECTIVE: To present self-assessments of knowledge about mechanical ventilation made by final-year medical students, residents, and physicians taking qualifying courses at the Brazilian Society of Internal Medicine who work in urgent and emergency settings. METHODS: A 34-item questionnaire comprising different areas of knowledge and training in mechanical ventilation was given to 806 medical students, residents, and participants in qualifying courses at 11 medical schools in Brazil. The questionnaire’s self-assessment items for knowledge were transformed into scores. RESULTS: The average score among all participants was 21% (0-100%). Of the total, 85% respondents felt they did not receive sufficient information about mechanical ventilation during medical training. Additionally, 77% of the group reported that they would not know when to start noninvasive ventilation in a patient, and 81%, 81%, and 89% would not know how to start volume control, pressure control and pressure support ventilation modes, respectively. Furthermore, 86.4% and 94% of the participants believed they would not identify the basic principles of mechanical ventilation in patients with obstructive pulmonary disease and acute respiratory distress syndrome, respectively, and would feel insecure beginning ventilation. Finally, 77% said they would fear for the safety of a patient requiring invasive mechanical ventilation under their care. CONCLUSION: Self-assessment of knowledge and self-perception of safety for managing mechanical ventilation were deficient among residents, students and emergency physicians from a sample in Brazil

Evaluation of self-perception of mechanical ventilation knowledge among Brazilian final-year medical students, residents and emergency physicians

OBJECTIVE: To present self-assessments of knowledge about mechanical ventilation made by final-year medical students, residents, and physicians taking qualifying courses at the Brazilian Society of Internal Medicine who work in urgent and emergency settings. METHODS: A 34-item questionnaire comprising different areas of knowledge and training in mechanical ventilation was given to 806 medical students, residents, and participants in qualifying courses at 11 medical schools in Brazil. The questionnaire's self-assessment items for knowledge were transformed into scores. RESULTS: The average score among all participants was 21% (0-100%). Of the total, 85% respondents felt they did not receive sufficient information about mechanical ventilation during medical training. Additionally, 77% of the group reported that they would not know when to start noninvasive ventilation in a patient, and 81%, 81%, and 89% would not know how to start volume control, pressure control and pressure support ventilation modes, respectively. Furthermore, 86.4% and 94% of the participants believed they would not identify the basic principles of mechanical ventilation in patients with obstructive pulmonary disease and acute respiratory distress syndrome, respectively, and would feel insecure beginning ventilation. Finally, 77% said they would fear for the safety of a patient requiring invasive mechanical ventilation under their care. CONCLUSION: Self-assessment of knowledge and self-perception of safety for managing mechanical ventilation were deficient among residents, students and emergency physicians from a sample in Brazil.Univ Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Dept Cirurgia, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Paraiba, Dept Cardiol, Joao Pessoa, Paraiba, BrazilUniv Evangel Anapolis, Anapolis, Go, BrazilDuke Univ, Med Ctr, Duke Clin Res Inst, Durham, NC USAUniv Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Dept Cirurgia, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Assessment of the quality of the ophthalmological Service at the Hospital of the State Public Servant of São Paulo based on the number of ombudsman cases

This study aims to highlight improvements in the quality indicators of ophthalmology services provided by the Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo, resulting from a significant change in the organization of the cataract surgery queue. The transition from an obsolete and inflexible system, represented by an outdated spreadsheet, to a dynamic virtual queue system had a positive impact on the operationalization of services. This research analyzes the reduction in both absolute and proportional complaints received through ombudsman channels, specifically related to cataracts, and the reduction in waiting time for surgery, emphasizing that most surgeries are now performed within the timeframe established by medical literature. Furthermore, it investigates the impact of ombudsman services on the evaluation of service quality, relying on relevant scientific evidence

Markers of endothelial activation and autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory chronic disease characterized by the production of antibodies and participation of the vascular endothelium in its pathogenesis. OBJECTIVES: to analyze the correlation of serum levels of the intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), von Willebrand factor (vWF), Rheumatoid factor (RF), and anti-cyclic citrulinated peptide (anti-CCP) with clinical, laboratory, and radiological parameters of RA. METHODS: Serum levels of ICAM-1, vWF, RF, and anti-CCP were measured in 38 RA patients and 24 controls. Disease activity was measured by the DAS-28 score and functional capa-city was assessed using the HAQ score. The American College of Rheumatism criteria defined the functional class. Hand and fist X-rays were analyzed using the Sharp's score. Statistical analysis utilized the chi-square, Student's t, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, and Mann-Whitney tests, as appropriate, as well as the Spearman's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Age range was from 52 ± 12.5 and 49 ± 9.4 years-old in RA and controls, respectively. Disease duration range was 68 ± 66.6 months. Serum vWF levels had a positive significant correlation to disease evolution, whereas RF and anti-CCP correlated to the Sharp score. Serum vWF and ICAM-1 levels correlated to DAS-28, while only vWF correlated with HAQ and Sharp scores. CONCLUSION: This study shows that RF and anti-CCP autoantibody levels are correlated to disease prognosis rather than activity. Serum vWF levels are positively correlated to both activity and severity parameters of the disease.A artrite reumatóide (AR) é uma doença crônica inflamatória, caracterizada pela produção de auto-anticorpos e participação do endotélio vascular em sua patogênese. OBJETIVOS: Analisar a correlação da molécula de adesão intercelular (ICAM-1), o fator de von Willebrand (vWF), o fator reumatóide (FR) e o anticorpo antipeptídeo citrulinado cíclico (anti-CCP) com parâmetros de atividade clínica, laboratorial e alterações radiológicas da AR. MÉTODOS: Em 38 pacientes e 24 indivíduos que não apresentavam artrite reumatóide foram dosados FR, anti-CCP, vWF e ICAM-1 no soro. A atividade da doença foi definida pelo escore do DAS-28. O Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) definiu a capacidade funcional, e os critérios revisados do American College of Rheumatology, a classe funcional. Radiografias de mãos e punhos quantificaram o índice de Sharp modificado. RESULTADOS: A idade dos pacientes foi de 52 ± 12,5 anos e dos indivíduos que não apresentavam artrite reumatóide, de 49 ± 9,4 anos. O tempo de doença foi de 68 ± 66,6 meses. O vWF apresentou correlação significativa com o tempo de evolução da doença. Os auto-anticorpos tiveram correlação significativa com o índice de Sharp. A correlação do vWF e a ICAM-1 foi significativa com o DAS-28, mas apenas o vWF se correlacionou com o HAQ e com índice de Sharp. CONCLUSÃO: Esse estudo demonstrou que os auto-anticorpos não estão correlacionados com a atividade da doença, mas com seu prognóstico e sua gravidade por meio da relação destes com o índice de Sharp. O vWF apresentou correlação significativa com os parâmetros de atividade e gravidade da doença.Universidade Estadual de Ciências da Saúde de AlagoasUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM)Associação Fundo de Incentivo à Psicofarmacologia Medicina LaboratorialUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina Laboratório de Poluição Atmosférica ExperimentalFaculdade de Medicina do ABCUNIFESP-EPM Departamento de PsicobiologiaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de PsicobiologiaSciEL

Avaliação clínica e estudo da vascularização corneal induzida pelas membranas de colágeno nativo e aniônico em córneas de coelhos

PURPOSE: To evaluate the corneal vascularization (CV) and the clinical aspects induced by interlamellar graft with native (NCM) and anionic (ACM) collagen membranes in rabbits corneas. METHODS: An interlamellar graft with a 0.25 x 0.25 cm NCM (group 1) or ACM (group 2) fragment was performed in the right eye (treated eye). In the left eye, an estromal tunnel was done (control eye). Sixteen rabbits were used, and they were subdivided into two experimental groups of eight animals each. The clinical evaluation was performed at the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 15th and 30th postoperative days. Corneal vascularization analysis was performed after 30 days by the Images Analizator System Leica Qwin-550®. RESULTS: After 7 days, corneal vascularization was observed at about 2.25 ± 0.71 mm (NCM) and at about 1.0 ± 1.69 mm (ACM), respectively, from the limbus in direction to the central cornea. After 15 days, CV increased in both groups (5.25 ± 1.03 mm - NCM; 2.0 ± 2.39 mm - ACM) and then progressively decreased until day 30 (2.25 ± 2.10 mm - NCM; 0.75 ± 2.12 mm - ACM). The statistical analysis indicated that the averages of the distances from the limb vessels to the grafts observed after 7 and 15 days had not differed statistically (p=0.17), and after 15 and 30 postoperative days had a tendency to differ statistically (p=0.09). The control eyes did not present any changes. CONCLUSION: The interlamellar graft with native and anionic collagen membranes induced corneal vascularization when applied to rabbit corneas, but anionic collagen membrane induced a smaller corneal vascularization when compared to native collagen membrane. Although further studies are required, the results found in this study demonstrated the usefulness of interlamellar graft with native and anionic collagen membranes in keratoplasties. These membranes consists in one more graft option for the surgical treatment of corneal repair in rabbits and others animals, when other forms of medical and surgical treatment are not effective.OBJETIVO: Avaliar os aspectos clínicos e vascularização corneal (VC) induzida pelo enxerto interlamelar das membranas de colágeno nativo (MCN) e de colágeno aniônico (MCA) em córneas de coelhos. MÉTODOS: Um fragmento com 0,25 x 0,25 cm de MCN (grupo 1) e MCA (grupo 2) foi realizado no olho direito (olho tratado) por enxertia interlamelar. No olho esquerdo (olho controle) foi realizado apenas um túnel estromal. No olho direito (olho controle) foi realizado apenas um túnel estromal. Dezesseis coelhos foram utilizados e foram divididos em dois grupos experimentais composto por oito animais cada. A avaliação clínica foi realizada aos 1, 3, 7, 15 e 30 dias de pós-operatório. A análise da vascularização corneal foi realizada após 30 dias pelo Sistema de analisador de imagens Leica Qwin-550®. RESULTADOS: Após 7 dias, a vascularização corneal do limbo em direção central da córnea observada foi de 2,25 ± 0,71 mm (MCN) e 1,0 ± 1,69 mm (ACM), respectivamente. Após 15 dias a vascularização corneal aumentou em ambos os grupos (5,25 ± 1,03 mm - MCN; 2,0 ± 2,39 mm - MCA), diminuindo até o 30º dia (2,25 ± 2,10 mm - MCN; 0,75 ± 2,12 mm - MCA). A análise estatística indicou que as médias das distâncias dos vasos do limbo em direção ao enxerto observadas após 7 e 15 dias não diferiram estatisticamente (p=0,17), e 15 e 30 dias de pós-operatório houve tendência a diferir estatisticamente (p=0,09). Os olhos controles não apresentaram nenhuma alteração. CONCLUSÃO: As membranas de colágeno nativo e de colágeno aniônico induzem a vascularização corneal quando aplicadas na córnea de coelhos por meio de enxertia interlamelar, mas membrana de colágeno ativo induz a pequena vascularização corneal quando comparada à membrana de colágeno aniônico. Embora estudos adicionais sejam necessários, os resultados encontrados no presente estudo demonstraram que as membranas de CN e CA possam ser úteis em ceratoplastias. Estas membranas consistem em mais uma opção de enxerto para o tratamento cirúrgico de reparo da córnea em coelhos e outros animais, quando não há resolução com outras formas de tratamento médico e cirúrgico.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

The effect of cellulose nanocrystals in sugarcane bagasse particleboards of pith and fibers

ABSTRACT The aim of this research was to investigate sugarcane bagasse (SCB) particleboards, using two kinds of particles, from pith and fibers, reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals (NCC). The NCCs were dispersed in the adhesive urea formaldehyde (UF) using a sonificator in two proportions (0 and 1%). The NCCs and UF were applied in the SCB particles using a rotary blender. The particleboards were produced in three layers using two kinds of particles: pith and fibers. After dispersion of the adhesive, the mixture was compressed to produce the particleboards, which were characterized by physical, mechanical and thermal properties. The anatomical and chemical features relating to pith and fiber were very similar. The particleboards made with and without NCCs did not differ statistically for most properties: modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), water absorption (WA) thermal conductivity (TC), and the volume heat capacity (VHC). Particleboards made only with fibers and without NCCs showed higher internal bond (IB). In the other hand particleboards made only with fibers in the face and pith in the core (without NCCs) showed lower thickness swelling after 24 hours (TS24h). Probably, the NCCs did not improve the particleboards performance, because less links were available for SCB to interact with the adhesive. For the others properties the particleboards made with pith and fibers did not showed statistical difference (MOE, MOR, TC, WA, TC and VHC), demonstrating that separation of pith and fiber are not significant and does not affect the final properties of particleboards

NETPLAY: um ambiente para simulação multiagente

Neste trabalho apresentamos o ambiente NetPlay, desenvolvido para a criação de modelos de simulação baseada em multiagente voltados para o estudo de sistemas complexos. O NetPlay foi desenvolvido para fins didáticos, sendo um dos seus objetivos a facilidade de utilização, no intuito de possibilitar e estimular os aprendizes a criar seus próprios modelos de simulação

A chloroacetamide derivative as a potent candidate for fusariosis treatment

Fusariosis has presented a significant increase in their incidence in the last years. This epidemiological panorama probably is due to the increasing profile of refractory susceptibility of Fusarium spp. to available drugs, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Thus, the development of new compounds with effectiveness on these organisms is a necessity. This study evaluated the antifungal potential of a chloroacetamide derivative (4-BFCA) against resistant Fusarium strains. As a result, the compound was effective against all strains (MIC range 12.5–50 μg/mL). The time kill assay demonstrated that 4-BFCA presents a concentration-dependent fungicidal action. Although its action mechanism has not yet been elucidated, it was possible to observe its efficacy through damages and alterations provoked along the hyphae of Fusarium spp. 4-BFCA maintained a high survival rate of Tenebrio molitor larvae, suggesting that it does not cause acute systemic toxicity on this host at the concentration evaluated. In addition, 4-BFCA was 83.33% effective in combating a fungal infection in vivo on the chorioallantoid membrane of embryonated eggs. Our results are very promising and arouse interest to investigate the action of 4-BFCA on Fusarium strains since it acts as a possible candidate for the development of new therapies for the treatment of fusariosis