Determination of parasite resistance status to anthelmintics through the larval development test.

The control of gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants has been carried out through intense and indiscriminate use of anthelmintics.Boletim de Indústria Animal, v. 74

Detection of bacterial contaminants by the larval development test.

The resistance diagnosis of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats to commercial anthelmintics is an important tool to guide farmers about the use of the most effective dewormer in their flocks, promoting sustainable production.Boletim de Indústria Animal, v. 74

Diversity and hierarchy in supramolecular assemblies of triphenylalanine: from laminated helical ribbons to toroids

Microstructures from small phenylalanine-based peptides have attracted great attention lately because these compounds are considered to be a new class of tunable materials. In spite of the extensive studies on uncapped diphenylalanine and tetraphenylalanine peptides, studies on the self-assembly of uncapped triphenylananine (FFF) are very scarce and nonsystematic. In this work, we demonstrate that FFF assemblies can organize in a wide number of well-defined supramolecular structures, which include laminated helical-ribbons, leaflike dendrimers, doughnut-, needle-, and flower-shapes. These organizations are produced by the attractive or repulsive interactions between already formed assemblies and therefore can be controlled through the choice of solvents used as the incubation medium. Thus, the formation of the desired supramolecular structures is regulated through the protonation/deprotonation of the terminal groups, the polarity of the incubation medium, which affects both peptide···solvent interactions and the cavity solvation energy (i.e., solvent···solvent interactions), and the steric interactions between own assemblies that act as building blocks. Finally, the ß-sheet disposition in the latter structural motifs has been examined using both theoretical calculations and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Results indicate that FFF molecules can adopt both parallel and antiparallel ß-sheets. However, the former one is the most energetically favored because of the formation of p–p stacking interactions between the aromatic rings of hydrogen-bonded strands.Preprin

The association between MPOWER tobacco control policies and adolescent smoking across 36 countries: An ecological study over time (2006–2014)

Objective: To examine associations over time between national tobacco control policies and adolescent smoking prevalence in Europe and Canada. Design: In this ecological study, national tobacco control policies (MPOWER measures, as derived from WHO data) in 36 countries and their changes over time were related to national-level adolescent smoking rates (as derived from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study, 2006-2014). MPOWER measures included were: Protecting people from tobacco smoke (P), offering help to quit tobacco use (O), warning about the dangers of tobacco (W), enforcing bans on advertising, promotion and sponsorship (E) and raising taxes on tobacco (R). Results: Across countries, adolescent weekly smoking decreased from 17.7% in 2006 to 11.6% in 2014. It decreased most strongly between 2010 and 2014. Although baseline MPOWER policies were not directly associated with differences in average rates of adolescent smoking between countries, countries with higher baseline smoke-free policies (P) showed faster rates of change in smoking over the time period. Moreover, countries that adopted increasingly strict policies regarding warning labels (W) over time, faced stronger declines over time in adolescent weekly smoking. Conclusion: A decade after the introduction of the WHO MPOWER package, we observed that, in our sample of European countries and Canada, measures targeting social norms around smoking (i.e., smoke-free policies in public places and policies related to warning people about the dangers of tobacco) are most strongly related to declines in adolescent smoking.publishedVersio

The association between MPOWER tobacco control policies and adolescent smoking across 36 countries : an ecological study over time (2006–2014)

Objective To examine associations over time between national tobacco control policies and adolescent smoking prevalence in Europe and Canada. Design In this ecological study, national tobacco control policies (MPOWER measures, as derived from WHO data) in 36 countries and their changes over time were related to national-level adolescent smoking rates (as derived from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study, 2006-2014). MPOWER measures included were: Protecting people from tobacco smoke (P), offering help to quit tobacco use (O), warning about the dangers of tobacco (W), enforcing bans on advertising, promotion and sponsorship (E) and raising taxes on tobacco (R). Results Across countries, adolescent weekly smoking decreased from 17.7% in 2006 to 11.6% in 2014. It decreased most strongly between 2010 and 2014. Although baseline MPOWER policies were not directly associated with differences in average rates of adolescent smoking between countries, countries with higher baseline smoke-free policies (P) showed faster rates of change in smoking over the time period. Moreover, countries that adopted increasingly strict policies regarding warning labels (W) over time, faced stronger declines over time in adolescent weekly smoking. Conclusion A decade after the introduction of the WHO MPOWER package, we observed that, in our sample of European countries and Canada, measures targeting social norms around smoking (i.e., smoke-free policies in public places and policies related to warning people about the dangers of tobacco) are most strongly related to declines in adolescent smoking.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

CLASP Constraints on the Magnetization and Geometrical Complexity of the Chromosphere-Corona Transition Region

The Chromospheric Lyman-Alpha Spectro-Polarimeter (CLASP) is a suborbital rocket experiment that on 3rd September 2015 measured the linear polarization produced by scattering processes in the hydrogen Ly-$\alpha$ line of the solar disk radiation, whose line-center photons stem from the chromosphere-corona transition region (TR). These unprecedented spectropolarimetric observations revealed an interesting surprise, namely that there is practically no center-to-limb variation (CLV) in the $Q/I$ line-center signals. Using an analytical model, we first show that the geometrical complexity of the corrugated surface that delineates the TR has a crucial impact on the CLV of the $Q/I$ and $U/I$ line-center signals. Secondly, we introduce a statistical description of the solar atmosphere based on a three-dimensional (3D) model derived from a state-of-the-art radiation magneto-hydrodynamic simulation. Each realization of the statistical ensemble is a 3D model characterized by a given degree of magnetization and corrugation of the TR, and for each such realization we solve the full 3D radiative transfer problem taking into account the impact of the CLASP instrument degradation on the calculated polarization signals. Finally, we apply the statistical inference method presented in a previous paper to show that the TR of the 3D model that produces the best agreement with the CLASP observations has a relatively weak magnetic field and a relatively high degree of corrugation. We emphasize that a suitable way to validate or refute numerical models of the upper solar chromosphere is by confronting calculations and observations of the scattering polarization in ultraviolet lines sensitive to the Hanle effect.Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Letter

Análisis Comparativo y Relación entre los Métodos Destructivos y no Destructivos de la Resistencia a Compresión de Concreto para la Ciudad de Arequipa

El presente trabajo de investigación se realizó en los laboratorios de suelos y concreto del Programa Profesional de Ingeniería Civil de la Universidad Católica de Santa María y en el laboratorio de la empresa Supermix S.A. Se desarrolla una detallada investigación sobre manuales, hojas técnicas, normas, libros, etc. de los métodos no destructivos: Esclerometria, Velocidad de pulso ultrasónico, Torrent y resistividad eléctrica para obtener resultados exactos y precisos. Se muestran los corregidos diseños de mezclas con tres diferentes tipos de cemento como son: Cemento Tipo I, Cemento Tipo HE y Cemento Tipo IP; para cinco diferentes resistencias por cada uno: 175 kg/cm2, 210 Kg/cm2, 280 kg/cm2, 350 Kg/cm2 y 420 Kg/cm2; con agregados de la Cantera La Poderosa de la Ciudad de Arequipa. Se detallan los resultados de los diseños realizados del concreto tanto en estado fresco como en estado endurecido de cada una de las probetas, así como la resistencia a la compresión, resistencia a la tracción indirecta y permeabilidad por cada tipo de cemento, resistencia de diseño e iteración de ensayo, teniendo en cuenta que se realizaron por lo menos tres iteraciones por diseño. En la investigación realizada se hace un análisis comparativo entre los métodos no destructivos: Esclerometria, Velocidad de pulso ultrasónico y resistividad eléctrica con la resistencia a la compresión, en concretos diseñados con materiales propios de la ciudad de Arequipa. Adicionalmente se hace un análisis comparativo entre los ensayos no destructivos de esclerometria y resistividad con la resistencia a la tracción indirecta en los mismos concretos diseñados con materiales existentes en nuestra ciudad. Finalmente se hace un análisis comparativo entre el ensayo de Torrent y el ensayo descrito en la norma española de permeabilidad al agua UNE-EN 12390-8 para entender más claramente los resultados obtenidos en el ensayo no destructivo de Torrent. Además en el desarrollo del presente trabajo se muestran las ecuaciones de relación entre los métodos no destructivos, la resistencia a la compresión, la resistencia a la tracción y la permeabilidad del concreto para la ciudad de Arequipa. Los resultados obtenidos en la presente investigación son aplicables en los concretos de la ciudad de Arequipa o en aquellos que cumplan con las características descritas en los siguientes capítulos. Palabras claves Resistencia a la compresión; esclerometria; número de rebotes; resistividad; resistencia a la tracción; Torrent; permeabilidad, NTP; ACI; ASTM; diamantina; pulso ultrasónico; cemento; agregados

EFECTO DE TRATAMIENTOS PRE-GERMINATIVOS EN LA CALIDAD DE PLÁNTULAS GUAPINOL (HYMENAEA COURBARIL)

This research has evaluated the effect of five pre-germination treatments on the quality and structure of plant locust (Hymenaea courbaril) due to the high variability in the germination and emergency tillage. Five treatments were evaluated by measuring the rate of Germanization and emergency speed; quality parameters (height and diameter) together with biomass (fresh and dry weight) of seedlings, bringing the Dickson quality index were estimated. Each treatment group contained 50 replicates for 250 plants in the experiment. The data were processed with statistical SPSS V.22.0: variance, standard deviation, variance analysis, obtaining statistical tests of binary correlations, repeated measures analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA), intra and inter groups, 95% (P-valor 0.05) of confidence. The results show differences between treatments three (hydration) and four (mechanical scarification) regarding treatment one (thermal) and two (chemical) where no statistically significant difference. Treatment five (witness) has less statistical difference with all other evaluated. These same data for determining a positive effect between application of pre germination treatments and increased seedling quality of 93.0%, this translates to a greater chance of survival of the plant to be transplanted in the field. It is tested combination treatments one and three.Esta investigación ha evaluado el efecto que tiene cinco tratamientos pre-germinativos en la calidad y estructura de las planta de guapinol (Hymenaea courbaril) debido a la elevada variabilidad en la germinación y emergencia con la siembra directa. Se evaluaron cinco tratamientos, midiendo el índice de germanización y velocidad de emergencia, parámetros de calidad (altura y diámetro) junto con la de biomasa (peso fresco y seco) de las plántulas, con lo que se estimó el índice de calidad de Dickson. Cada uno de los tratamientos consto de 50 repeticiones para un total de 250 plántulas dentro del experimento. Los datos se procesaron SPSS V.22.0 con los estadísticos: varianza, desviación estándar, análisis de varianza, obteniendo las pruebas estadísticas de correlaciones binarias, análisis de medidas repetidas y análisis de varianza (ANOVA), intra e inter grupos, a un 95% (P-valor 0.05) de confianza. Los resultados muestran diferencia entre los tratamientos tres (hidratación) y cuatro (escarificación mecánica) respecto al tratamiento uno (térmico) y dos (químico) donde no hay diferencia estadísticamente significativa. El tratamiento cinco (testigo) presenta diferencia estadística menor con todos los demás evaluados. Estos mismos datos permiten determinar un efecto positivo entre la aplicación de tratamientos pre-germinativos y el aumento de la calidad de la plántula de un 93.0%, esto se traduce a mayores posibilidades de sobrevivencia de la planta al ser trasplantada en campo. Debe probarse la combinación de los tratamientos uno y tres

Diagnóstico laboratorial da resistência de nematoides gastrintestinais de propriedades ovinas aos anti-helmínticos.

O monitoramento da resistência parasitária,por meio do teste de desenvolvimento larvar (TDL), pode ser uma ferramenta para preservar os anti-helmínticos