Abordagens dos Recursos Audiovisuais em Livros Didáticos de Física de Ensino Médio

Os livros didáticos constituem os principais materiais que auxiliam os processos de ensino e aprendizagem da educação básica, em especial pela sua distribuição gratuita às escolas públicas. No entanto, presenciamos o surgimento de recursos didáticos apoiados em tecnologias, como os audiovisuais, os quais ainda são utilizados de maneira descontextualizada e não sistemática na maioria das vezes. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar e analisar os modos de uso atribuídos aos recursos audiovisuais por coleções didáticas de Física, com a seguinte questão de pesquisa: quais são as representações de uso dos recursos audiovisuais nos livros didáticos de Física? Como referência para análise, utilizamos os trabalhos de Moran et al. (2000) e Freitas et al. (2018) e, com o apoio da Análise de Conteúdo, analisamos 6 coleções didáticas de Física aprovadas no PNLD 2018. Identificamos 453 ocorrências de uso de audiovisuais no conjunto das 6 coleções, com predominância nos Manuais do Professor. Os modos de uso mais frequentes foram “conteúdo de ensino” e “ilustração”, confirmando a característica instrumental da abordagem pedagógica do audiovisual, também observada nas pesquisas da área de Educação em Ciências. Todavia, atividades e situações pontuais identificadas em algumas coleções podem servir de exemplo para uma utilização dos audiovisuais de maneira “crítica” e como “elemento essencial” para o desenvolvimento do currículo de Física

O MEIO AMBIENTE NOS ANOS FINAIS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL – DESCRIÇÃO DA REALIDADE A PARTIR DAS PESQUISAS PUBLICADAS NA BDTD E SCIELO, NO PERÍODO DE 2010 A 2022

In the educational context, environmental education was of great importance in the search for new understandings and behaviors in relation to the environment. The present work aims to analyze the investigations involving the environmental theme over the last 12 years. The Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD) and the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO) were used to search for papers. The studies indicate an understanding, on the part of the students, that is closely related to the physical and biological aspects, with little knowledge about the complex relationships that make up the environment and the processes that culminate in the reality in which they live. The school is recognized as a space for changing these aspects. However, the approach to the environment theme is limited to a few curricular components and specific situations of environmental training. Future investigations and environmental education work should go beyond the physical spaces of the classroom and offer children the possibility of exploring the senses, sensations, playfulness, discovery and, thus, the knowledge that is born from the imbrication of the body in the world.Dans le contexte éducatif, l'éducation environnementale était d'une grande importance dans la recherche de nouvelles compréhensions et comportements en relation avec l'environnement. Le présent travail vise à analyser les enquêtes portant sur le thème de l'environnement au cours des 12 dernières années. La Bibliothèque numérique brésilienne des thèses et mémoires (BDTD) et la Bibliothèque électronique scientifique en ligne (SCIELO) ont été utilisées pour rechercher des articles. Les études indiquent une compréhension, de la part des étudiants, qui est étroitement liée aux aspects physiques et biologiques, avec peu de connaissances sur les relations complexes qui composent l'environnement et les processus qui aboutissent à la réalité dans laquelle ils vivent. L'école est reconnue comme un espace pour changer ces aspects. Cependant, l'approche du thème de l'environnement se limite à quelques composantes curriculaires et à des situations spécifiques d'éducation à l'environnement. Les futures enquêtes et travaux d'éducation à l'environnement doivent dépasser les espaces physiques de la classe et offrir aux enfants la possibilité d'explorer les sens, les sensations, le jeu, la découverte et, ainsi, les savoirs qui naissent de l'imbrication du corps dans le monde.No contexto educativo, a educação ambiental teve grande importância na busca por novas compreensões e comportamentos em relação ao meio ambiente. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as investigações envolvendo a temática ambiental ao longo dos últimos 12 anos. Para a busca dos trabalhos foram usadas: Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD) e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO). Os estudos indicam uma compreensão, por parte dos estudantes, muito relacionada aos aspectos físicos e biológicos, com pouco conhecimento acerca das relações complexas que compõem o meio ambiente e dos processos que culminam na realidade em que vivem. A escola é reconhecida como um espaço de mudança desses aspectos. Contudo, há limitação da abordagem do tema meio ambiente a poucos componentes curriculares e a situações pontuais de formação ambiental. As investigações futuras e trabalhos de educação ambiental devem extrapolar os espaços físicos da sala de aula e oferecer às crianças a possibilidade de explorarem os sentidos, as sensações, a ludicidade, a descoberta e, assim, o conhecimento que nasce da imbricação do corpo no mundo

Biodistribuição de EDTMP-153-samário em ratos tratados com docetaxel

Purpose: Many patients with metastatic bone disease have to use radiopharmaceuticals associated with chemotherapy to relieve bone pain. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of docetaxel on the biodistribution of samarium-153-EDTMP in bones and other organs of rats. Methods: Wistar male rats were randomly allocated into 2 groups of 6 rats each. The DS (docetaxel/samarium) group received docetaxel (15 mg/kg) intraperitoneally in two cycles 11 days apart. The S (samarium/control) group rats were not treated with docetaxel. Nine days after chemotherapy, all the rats were injected with 0.1ml of samarium-153-EDTMP via orbital plexus (25μCi). After 2 hours, the animals were killed and samples of the brain, thyroid, lung, heart, stomach, colon, liver, kidney and both femurs were removed. The percentage radioactivity of each sample (% ATI/g) was determined in an automatic gamma-counter (Wizard-1470, Perkin-Elmer, Finland). Results: On the 9th day after the administration of the 2nd chemotherapy cycle, the rats had a significant weight loss (314.50±22.09g) compared (p<0.5) to pre-treatment weight (353.66± 22.8). The % ATI/g in the samples of rats treated with samarium-153-EDTMP had a significant reduction in the right femur, left femur, kidney, liver and lungs of animals treated with docetaxel, compared to the control rats. Conclusion: The combination of docetaxel and samarium-153-EDTMP was associated with a lower response rate in the biodistribution of the radiopharmaceutical to targeted tissues. Further investigation into the impact of docetaxel on biodistribution of samarium-153-EDTMP would complement the findings of this stud

Caracterização clínica e laboratorial e seguimento pós-cirúrgico de 87 portadores de macroadenomas hipofisários não funcionantes

Objetivo:Avaliar as principais características de pacientes operados de tumor de hipófise.Método:Foram incluídos 87 pacientes (44 homens; 44,8±13 anos).Resultados:Os principais sintomas foram alterações visuais (87,3%), cefaleia (70,1%), diminuição da libido (34,4%), galactorreia (22,9%) e queda de pelos (19,5%). Os eixos afetados foram gonadotrófico (72,6%), tireotrófico (48,4%) e corticotrófico (38,7%). Não houve mudanças significativas após a cirurgia. A média do maior diâmetro do tumor foi 3,1 cm antes da cirurgia e 1,56 cm após a cirurgia. As complicações pós-cirúrgicas mais frequentes foram distúrbios hidroeletrolíticos e ácido-básicos (12%), diabetes insipidus (9%), alterações do campo visual (9%), fístula liquórica (8%) e obstrução nasal (7%). Ocorreu mais de uma complicação no mesmo paciente.Conclusão:Embora tenha obtido diminuição da massa tumoral com a cirurgia, as deficiências hormonais persistiram na maioria dos pacientes e ocorreu necessidade de novas abordagens por recidiva ou persistência do tumor.Objective:It was to assess the main characteristics of patients undergoing pituitary tumor surgery.Method:Eighty-seven patients (44 men; 44.8±13 years old) were included.Results:The main symptoms were visual alterations (87.3%), headache (70.1%), diminished libido (34.4%), galactorrhea (22.9%) and hair loss (19.5%). The axes affected were gonadotropic (72.6%), thyrotropic (48.4%) and corticotropic (38.7%), without significant changes after surgery. The average largest tumor diameter was 3.1 cm before surgery and 1.56 cm after surgery. The most frequent postoperative complications were hydro-electrolyte and acid-base disorders (12%), diabetes insipidus (9%), visual field alterations (9%), liquoric fistula (8%) and nasal obstruction (7%). The patients were affected by more than one complication.Conclusion:Although a decrease in tumor volume was achieved through surgery, hormonal deficiencies persisted in most of the patients and new surgical approaches were necessary for dealing with tumor recurrence or persistence

Epidemiology and pathogenesis of maternal-fetal transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi and a case for vaccine development against congenital Chagas disease

Trypanos o ma cruzi (T. cruzi or Tc) is the causative agent of Chagas disease (CD). It is common for patients to suffer from non-specific symptoms or be clinically asymptomatic with acute and chronic conditions acquired through various routes of transmission. The expecting women and their fetuses are vulnerable to congenital transmission of Tc. Pregnant women face formidable health challenges because the frontline antiparasitic drugs, benznidazole and nifurtimox, are contraindicated during pregnancy. However, it is worthwhile to highlight that newborns can be cured if they are diagnosed and given treatment in a timely manner. In this review, we discuss the pathogenesis of maternal-fetal transmission of Tc and provide a justification for the investment in the development of vaccines against congenital CD.Fil: Rios, Lizette. University of Texas Medical Branch; Estados UnidosFil: Campos, Emiliano Emanuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Patología Experimental. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Instituto de Patología Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Menon, Ramkumar. University of Texas Medical Branch; Estados UnidosFil: Zago, María Paola. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Patología Experimental. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Instituto de Patología Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Garg, Nisha J.. University of Texas Medical Branch; Estados Unido

2 nd Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease, 2015

Abstract Chagas disease is a neglected chronic condition with a high burden of morbidity and mortality. It has considerable psychological, social, and economic impacts. The disease represents a significant public health issue in Brazil, with different regional patterns. This document presents the evidence that resulted in the Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease. The objective was to review and standardize strategies for diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control of Chagas disease in the country, based on the available scientific evidence. The consensus is based on the articulation and strategic contribution of renowned Brazilian experts with knowledge and experience on various aspects of the disease. It is the result of a close collaboration between the Brazilian Society of Tropical Medicine and the Ministry of Health. It is hoped that this document will strengthen the development of integrated actions against Chagas disease in the country, focusing on epidemiology, management, comprehensive care (including families and communities), communication, information, education, and research

Baseline characteristics of patients in the reduction of events with darbepoetin alfa in heart failure trial (RED-HF)

&lt;p&gt;Aims: This report describes the baseline characteristics of patients in the Reduction of Events with Darbepoetin alfa in Heart Failure trial (RED-HF) which is testing the hypothesis that anaemia correction with darbepoetin alfa will reduce the composite endpoint of death from any cause or hospital admission for worsening heart failure, and improve other outcomes.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Methods and results: Key demographic, clinical, and laboratory findings, along with baseline treatment, are reported and compared with those of patients in other recent clinical trials in heart failure. Compared with other recent trials, RED-HF enrolled more elderly [mean age 70 (SD 11.4) years], female (41%), and black (9%) patients. RED-HF patients more often had diabetes (46%) and renal impairment (72% had an estimated glomerular filtration rate &#60;60 mL/min/1.73 m2). Patients in RED-HF had heart failure of longer duration [5.3 (5.4) years], worse NYHA class (35% II, 63% III, and 2% IV), and more signs of congestion. Mean EF was 30% (6.8%). RED-HF patients were well treated at randomization, and pharmacological therapy at baseline was broadly similar to that of other recent trials, taking account of study-specific inclusion/exclusion criteria. Median (interquartile range) haemoglobin at baseline was 112 (106–117) g/L.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Conclusion: The anaemic patients enrolled in RED-HF were older, moderately to markedly symptomatic, and had extensive co-morbidity.&lt;/p&gt