Monitoria acadêmica em enfermagem: uma revisão de literatura / Academic monitoring in nursing: a literature review

A partir da experiência vivenciada enquanto discentes no programa de monitoria, surgiu a curiosidade de uma revisão da literatura sobre o programa e suas contribuições na formação acadêmico-profissional. Para tanto, buscou-se subsídios para conhecer as propostas do programa de monitoria na graduação e compreender os desafios e fragilidades desta atividade. A pesquisa trata-se de uma revisão da literatura. A busca de periódicos ocorreu de agosto a dezembro de 2015, através dos bancos de dados da Scielo, Scholar e BVS. Os discentes da educação superior poderão ser aproveitados em tarefas de ensino e pesquisa pelas respectivas instituições, exercendo funções de monitoria, de acordo com seu rendimento e seu plano de estudos. De tal maneira o programa nas Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) tem se desenvolvido com um foco didático e torna um pré-requisito para seleção a afinidade do aluno com a disciplina de escolha, o rendimento acadêmico acima da média e o interesse pela carreira de docência. O estudo nos mostra a magnitude do programa de monitoria acadêmica na graduação em enfermagem. A monitoria impacta tanto na relação interpessoal e conhecimentos teóricos quanto em habilidades motoras inerentes a profissão

A imagem pessoal do profissional de Educação Física

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Educação Física, 2021.Historicamente o modelo imagético corporal relacionado à Educação Física tem a ver com um clássico perfil atlético dos jogos olímpicos da antiguidade grega, advindo de uma concepção estética apolínea onde se sobressaem músculos. Esta concepção prevalece nos dias atuais. Este modelo idealizado segue influenciando a autoimagem corporal dos profissionais de Educação Física? O presente estudo se desenvolve a partir de uma reflexão sobre como o ideário de imagem corporal influencia a autoimagem dos professores de educação física. Para isso, buscou-se identificar a partir de uma incursão literária, no ambiente WEB e através de explorações, ainda incipientes, no cenário da educação física escolar, como o ideário imagético corporal da área influencia na vida destes profissionais. O objetivo é ampliar a percepção de como esses profissionais são influenciados por essa concepção de corpo construída historicamente e como isso influencia suas vidas.Through the time, the imagetic bodily model related to the physical education is linked with a classic athletic profile of the antique Greek Olympic Games, coming from an Apollonian aesthetics conception where the muscles stand out. That conception stands nowadays. That idealized model keeps influencing the bodily self-image of the physical education professionals? This present study has its development beginning from a reflexion about how the ideal of a bodily image gets influence to the self-image of the physical education professionals. For that, I looked to identify from the literal foray, on the internet environment, and on explorations, still in the beginning, on the physical education at school, the physical education scenario, like the imagetic ideal of the body gets influence on the daily life of those professionals. The goal is to amplify the perception of how these professionals are influenced by this body conception build through history and how this impacts our lives

Implementação das práticas obstétricas preconizadas pelo programa de humanização no pré natal e nascimento em uma maternidade de risco habitual do interior de PE / Implementation of the obstetric practices preferred by the humanization program in prenatal and birth in a maternity of habitual risk of the interior of PE

Objetivo: avaliar as práticas obstétricas vivenciadas pelas puérperas durante a assistência ao processo de parto e nascimento. Método: estudo de corte transversal, de natureza descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa, utilizando variáveis referentes as práticas obstétricas preconizadas pelo Programa de Humanização do Pré-Natal e Nascimento (PHPN), realizadas durante a assistência ao parto. Tendo como amostra puérperas que passaram por parto normal em uma maternidade do interior de PE e que estiveram no Alojamento Conjunto durante o período puerperal. A coleta dos dados ocorreu através de um questionário individual, semiestruturado, autoaplicável e anônimo no período de maio de 2017. Os dados foram analisados pelo programa estatístico epi-info versão 3.5.2. O estudo foi aprovado pela Plataforma Brasil sob nº 1.912.320/2017. Resultados: foram analisados 60 questionários, onde se obteve resultados sobre as práticas obstétricas adotadas no ciclo gravídico puerperal. Conclusão: entendesse que, para diminuir a morbimortalidade é necessário humanizar o processo de parturição, e para isto ocorrer é necessário o envolvimento de um conjunto de profissionais de saúde que prestam assistência à mulher durante o ciclo gravídico-puerperal

Escalas de Ramsay e Richmond são equivalentes para a avaliação do nível de sedação em pacientes gravemente enfermos Ramsay and Richmond's scores are equivalent to assessment sedation level on critical patients

OBJETIVO: O objetivo principal deste estudo foi comparar o desempenho das escalas de sedação de Ramsay e Richmond em pacientes críticos sob ventilação mecânica em um hospital universitário. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo onde foram incluídos todos os pacientes sob ventilação mecânica com pelo menos 48 horas de internação, durante quatro meses, totalizando 45 pacientes. Foram avaliados diariamente a modalidade de sedação, dose dos sedativos e analgésicos e o nível de sedação através das escalas de Ramsay e Richmond. O teste T de Student, os índices de correlação de Pearson e Spearman, e a elaboração de curvas Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) foram utilizados para a análise estatística. RESULTADOS: A mortalidade geral observada foi de 60%. Nesta série, o tempo de sedação e a dose de sedativos utilizada não se correlacionaram com a mortalidade. Sedação profunda (Ramsay > 4 ou Richmond < -3) correlacionou-se positivamente com uma maior probabilidade de morte, com uma área sob a curva (ASC) > 0,78. Níveis adequados de sedação (Ramsay 2 a 4 ou Richmond 0 a -3) correlacionaram-se sensivelmente à probabilidade de sobrevivência, com uma ASC > 0,80. Em 63 evoluções (8,64%) foram observados níveis baixos de sedação, porém não se evidenciou nenhuma correlação entre a ocorrência de agitação e prognósticos desfavoráveis. Houve uma boa correlação entre as escalas Ramsay e Richmond (Pearson > 0,810 - p<0,0001). CONCLUSÃO: Neste estudo, as escalas de Ramsay e Richmond mostraram-se equivalentes para a avaliação de sedações profunda, insuficiente e adequada e ambos demonstraram boa correlação com mortalidade em pacientes excessivamente sedados.<br>OBJECTIVE: The main purpose of this study was to compare performance of the Ramsay and Richmond sedation scores on mechanically ventilated critically ill patients, in a university-affiliated hospital. METHODS: This was a 4-month prospective study, which included a total of 45 patients mechanically ventilated, with at least 48 hours stay in the intensive care unit. Each patient was assessed daily for sedation mode, sedative and analgesic doses and sedation level using the Ramsay and Richmond scores. Statistical analysis was made using Student's t-test, Pearson's and Spearman's correlation, and constructing ROC-curves. RESULTS: A high general mortality of 60% was observed. The length of sedation and daily dose of medication did not correlate with mortality. Deep sedation (Ramsay > 4 or Richmond < -3) was positively correlated with probability of death with an AUC > 0.78. An adequate level of sedation (Ramsay 2 to 4 or Richmond 0 to -3) was sensitively correlated with probability of survival with an AUC > 0.80. A low level of sedation was observed in 63 days evaluated (8.64%), and no correlation was found between occurrence of agitation and unfavorable outcomes. Correlation between Ramsay and Richmond scores (Pearson's > 0.810 - p<0.0001) was good. CONCLUSION: In this study, Ramsay and Richmond sedation scores were similar for the assessment of deep, insufficient and adequate sedation. Both have good correlation with mortality in over sedated patients

Neotropical xenarthrans: a dataset of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics.

International audienceXenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions forecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosys-tem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts withdomestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their fulldistribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths.Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae(3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data onDasypus pilo-sus(Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized,but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In thisdata paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence andquantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is fromthe southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of theNeotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regardinganteaters,Myrmecophaga tridactylahas the most records (n=5,941), andCyclopessp. havethe fewest (n=240). The armadillo species with the most data isDasypus novemcinctus(n=11,588), and the fewest data are recorded forCalyptophractus retusus(n=33). Withregard to sloth species,Bradypus variegatushas the most records (n=962), andBradypus pyg-maeushas the fewest (n=12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to makeoccurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly ifwe integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, andNeotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure,habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possiblewith the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data inpublications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are usingthese data

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data