Oral mucosal lesions and their association with tobacco use and qat chewing among Yemeni dental patients

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions (OMLs) in patients attending outpa - tient dental clinics in Sana`a university, Yemen, and to evaluate the association of such lesions with age, gender, and oral habits. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 409 subjects (272 males, 137 females, age: 15-86 years). Detailed clinical examination was performed in accordance with international criteria. Patient history in - cluded age, gender, education, denture wearing and risk habits (tobacco use and qat chewing). Data were analyzed using SPSS 19.00. Results: The prevalence of OMLs was 58.4% with a significant difference between men (63.6%) and women (48.2%; P < 0.05). The most common lesions were fissured tongue (37.2%), hairy tongue (15.9%), tumors and tumor-like lesions (9.8%), qat-induced white lesions (9.3%) and racial pigmentation (5.9%). Overall OMLs pre - valence was linked to risk habits and age; qat chewing was statistically significant risk factor for having fissured tongue (OR: 1.77), hairy tongue (OR: 2.74), and white lesions (OR: 2.39) ( P < 0.05). Cigarette smoking was statis - tically significant risk factor for having hairy tongue (OR: 2.82), white lesions (OR: 3.60) and tumors and tumor- like lesions (OR: 2.91) ( P < 0.01). The increase in age was statistically significant risk factor for having tumors and tumor-like lesions (OR: 1.04; P < 0.001). Conclusions: The current results indicate that the occurrence of OMLs among Yemeni adults is high and emphasize that risk habits and age have some relationship with the presence of OMLs

The Effect of surface topographical changes of two different surface treatments rotary instrument

One of the major innovations in endodontics has been the introduction of nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloy. This study evaluated the surface topographical changes of two different surface treatments rotary instrument after instrumentation and sterilization. 240 Extracted teeth were included in this study. 90 new AlphaKite and Revo-S NiTi rotary instruments were selected and divided into two groups (Group A 45 AlphaKite and group B 45 Revo-S). Each group were divided into three subgroups: (A1, B1) n=5 files were used as a control, (A2,B2) n=20 files were used to prepare three root canals using endodontic rotary motor then sterilized by autoclave for one cycle under 121°C at 15 psi for 30 minutes and (A3,B3) n=20 files were used to prepare nine root canals using the same rotary system then sterilized by autoclave for three cycles under 121°C at 15 psi for 30 minutes. Files were examined under scanning electron microscopy. On examining the AlphaKite, A1 revealed gross machining grooves on their surface with no pits, A2 showed disruption of cutting and A3 showed microcracks and deepening of the machining grooves. B1 showed a smoother surface with few machining grooves, B2 showed dulling and blunting of the cutting edges was predominant and B3 files showed plastic deformation in the form of unwinding of the flutes. The defects were less distributed along the electropolished Revo-S files than the physical vapor deposition AlphaKite

Analysis and Evaluation of Medical Prescription Practices in Taiz City– A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Using medications wisely means giving the right medicine, in the right amount, and at the right price. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), this means that patients should get the medicines they need based on their health, in doses that suit them, for as long as necessary, and at the lowest cost for themselves and their community. Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate and analyze prescriptions from different areas in Taiz city according to WHO prescribing indicators, detect medication errors, and detect drug interactions. Method: This study was a cross-sectional design study conducted from March to June 2022 in different areas in Taiz City. The prescriptions included in the study were from qualified doctors in different specialties. The prescription was analyzed according to WHO parameters and pattern indicators. From each prescription, data regarding the total number of drugs, generics, antibiotics, parenteral drugs, and essential drugs were extracted. A total of 350 medical prescriptions were included in this study. Results: All the drugs that were collected in the prescriptions were 1610 drug kinds. found out that the average number of drugs per prescription was 4.61. In addition, the percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name was 8.3%. Furthermore, the percentage of antibiotics was 13.3%. Furthermore, the percentage of injection as the route of administration was 12.3%. And the percentage of drugs prescribed from the essential drug list was 69.4%. Furthermore, the number of drug-drug interactions detected was 108; the use of the drug was missed with 100 medicines; dosage frequency was missed with 166 medicines; the date of prescription was missed with 83 prescriptions; the age of the patient was missed with 162 prescriptions; unclear writing was in 70 prescriptions; the name of the patient was missed in 6 prescriptions; and the diagnosis was missed in 117 prescriptions. Conclusion: The number of drug-drug interactions detected was 108; the dose of the drug was missed with 100 medicines; the dosage frequency was missed with 166 medicines; the date of prescription was missed with 83 prescriptions; the age of the patient was missed with 162 prescriptions; unclear writing was in 70 prescriptions; the name of the patient was missed in 6 prescriptions; and the diagnosis was missed in 117 prescriptions

Efficacy of low level laser therapy in the treatment of burning mouth syndrome: A systematic review

AbstractBackgroundBurning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic pain condition with indefinite cure, predominantly affecting post-menopausal women. The aim of this study was to systematically review the efficacy of low level laser therapy in the treatment of burning mouth syndrome (BMS).MethodsPubMed, Embase and Scopus were searched from date of inception till and including October 2016 using various combinations of the following keywords: burning mouth syndrome, BMS, stomatodynia, laser therapy, laser treatment and phototherapy. The inclusion criteria were: Prospective, retrospective and case series studies. Letter to editors, reviews, experimental studies, studies that were not published in English, theses, monographs, and abstracts presented in scientific events were excluded. Due to heterogeneity of data no statistical analyses were performed.ResultsTen clinical studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria, five of which were randomized clinical trials. In these studies, the laser wavelengths, power output and duration of irradiation ranged between 630–980nm, 20–300mW, 10s–15min, respectively. Most of studies reported laser to be an effective therapy strategy for management of BMS.ConclusionMajority of the studies showed that laser therapy seemed to be effective in reducing pain in BMS patients. However, due to the varied methodologies and substantial variations in laser parameters among these studies, more clinical trials are required to ascertain the efficacy of laser for treating BMS

Oral cancer knowledge, attitudes, and practices among dentists in Khartoum State, Sudan

The dental professions hold an important responsibility in the control of oral cancer and the early diagnosis highly depends on their knowledge. The present study was developed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of dentists in Khartoum State regarding oral cancer prevention and early detection. An administered questionnaire was structured and sent to all licensed 130 dentists working in public dental clinics in Khartoum State. Responses to the questionnaire were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics. Although the majority of the dentists were knowledgeable about the major risk factors of oral cancer, more than half of the dentists reported they do not carry out any special examination to detect oral cancer in age 40 and above in asymptomatic patients. Dentists indicated their lack of training as the main barrier for conducting a comprehensive oral cancer examination. Interestingly, the vast majority of the dentists express their interest to have further oral cancer educational and training sessions. The findings of the present study suggested strongly that educational and training interventions are necessary to enhance preventive measures which may lead to reduce mortality and morbidity from oral cancer

Oral potentially malignant disorders: Risk of progression to malignancy

© 2017 Elsevier Inc. Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) have a statistically increased risk of progressing to cancer, but the risk varies according to a range of patient- or lesion-related factors. It is difficult to predict the risk of progression in any individual patient, and the clinician must make a judgment based on assessment of each case. The most commonly encountered OPMD is leukoplakia, but others, including lichen planus, oral submucous fibrosis, and erythroplakia, may also be seen. Factors associated with an increased risk of malignant transformation include sex; site and type of lesion; habits, such as smoking and alcohol consumption; and the presence of epithelial dysplasia on histologic examination. In this review, we attempt to identify important risk factors and present a simple algorithm that can be used as a guide for risk assessment at each stage of the clinical evaluation of a patient