Oral Leukoplakia Related to Malignant Transformation

AbstractOral leukoplakia and its malignant transformation are reviewed in this article. Oral leukoplakia is defined as a predominantly white lesion of the oral mucosa that can not be characterized as any other definable lesion; however, the lesion must be confirmed histopathologically by biopsy in order to discuss malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia. Malignant transformation rates of oral leukoplakia range from 0.13 to 17.5%, while the rates of five-year cumulative malignant transformation range from 1.2 to 14.5%. Some reports found a high incidence of malignant transformation in older patients. Chewing tobacco and smoking are distinct risk factors particularly among males in certain countries; however, other countries have noted that females or non-smokers may be at risk of malignant transformation. HPV has been detected in oral dysplasia lesions and cancer in non-smokers. Conflicting reports have been presented regarding the malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia with epithelial dysplasia; however, we and some authors believe that epithelial dysplasia is an important factor in the malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia. The majority of researchers showed non-homogenous leukoplakia as a risk factor, although different terms have been used to describe these lesions. There may be several routes to malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia, including transformations induced by carcinogenesis due to betel quid chewing or smoking, or by HPV infection. While no definite treatment modalities for oral leukoplakia have been established, we suggest surgical therapy with an adequate safety-margin and well-timed evaluation as an appropriate treatment in preventing malignant transformation

〔論文〕ソーシャルメディアの選択的利用に関する一考察 ―趣味の選択とハビトゥスの観点から―

　　Social Media, such as LINE, Facebook, Twitter and Instagram, are getting more and more popular and becoming an indispensable part of everyday life. We select and use these ubiquitous social infrastructures, which have different characters. This research tries to show the relationship between such selective utilization of social media and Bourdieu’s concept, “habitus.” The results of our internet survey suggest that users’ leisure activities correlate with their favored form of social media. The style of leisure activity is related to users’ choice of social media, and can be considered a form of habitus

AdapterEM: Pre-trained Language Model Adaptation for Generalized Entity Matching using Adapter-tuning

Entity Matching (EM) involves identifying different data representations referring to the same entity from multiple data sources and is typically formulated as a binary classification problem. It is a challenging problem in data integration due to the heterogeneity of data representations. State-of-the-art solutions have adopted NLP techniques based on pre-trained language models (PrLMs) via the fine-tuning paradigm, however, sequential fine-tuning of overparameterized PrLMs can lead to catastrophic forgetting, especially in low-resource scenarios. In this study, we propose a parameter-efficient paradigm for fine-tuning PrLMs based on adapters, small neural networks encapsulated between layers of a PrLM, by optimizing only the adapter and classifier weights while the PrLMs parameters are frozen. Adapter-based methods have been successfully applied to multilingual speech problems achieving promising results, however, the effectiveness of these methods when applied to EM is not yet well understood, particularly for generalized EM with heterogeneous data. Furthermore, we explore using (i) pre-trained adapters and (ii) invertible adapters to capture token-level language representations and demonstrate their benefits for transfer learning on the generalized EM benchmark. Our results show that our solution achieves comparable or superior performance to full-scale PrLM fine-tuning and prompt-tuning baselines while utilizing a significantly smaller computational footprint $\approx 13\%$ of the PrLM parameters

The Effects of Ant Colony Optimization on Graph Anonymization

The growing need to address privacy concerns whensocial network data is released for mining purposes hasrecently led to considerable interest in varioustechniques for graph anonymization. These techniquesand definitions, although robust are sometimes difficultto achieve for large social net-works. In this paper, welook at applying ant colony opti-mization (ACO) to twoknown versions of social network anonymization,namely k-label sequence anonymity, known to be NPhardfor k ≥ 3. We also apply it to the more recent workof [23] and Label Bag Anonymization. Ants of the artificialcolony are able to generate successively shortertours by using information accumulated in the form ofpheromone trails deposited by the edge colonies ant.Computer simu-lations have indicated that ACO arecapable of generating good solutions for known hardergraph problems.The contributions of this paper are two fold: welook to apply ACO to k-label sequence anonymity andk=label bag based anonymization, and attempt to showthe power of ap-plying ACO techniques to socialnetwork privacy attempts. Furthermore, we look tobuild a new novel foundation of study, that althoughat its preliminary stages, can lead it ground breakingresults down the road

Prognostic utility of chromosomal instability detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization in fine-needle aspirates from oral squamous cell carcinomas

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Although chromosomal instability (CIN) has been detected in many kinds of human malignancies by means of various methods, there is no practical assessment for small clinical specimens. In this study, we evaluated CIN in fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsied oral squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) using fluorescence <it>in situ </it>hybridization (FISH) analysis, and investigated its prognostic significance.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>To evaluate CIN status of tumors, FISH with genomic probes for the centromeres of chromosomes 7, 9, and 11 was performed on specimens obtained by FNA from 77 patients with primary oral SCCs.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>High-grade CIN (CIN3) was observed in 11.7% (9/77) of patients with oral SCCs and was associated significantly with reduced disease-free survival (<it>p </it>= .008) and overall survival (<it>p </it>= .003). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that CIN status was significantly correlated with disease-free survival (<it>p </it>= .035) and overall survival (<it>p </it>= .041).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Analysis of CIN status using FISH on FNA biopsy specimens may be useful in predicting of recurrence and poor prognosis in patients with oral SCCs.</p

〔論文〕子育てにおけるサポート・ネットワークとソーシャルメディア利用の地域的差異に関する一考察

　　Social Media use has become widespread in recent years. This paper investigates whether there is a regional difference in social media use. The author focuses on the relationships between using social media and child-rearing support networks.　　In order to understand the relationships, the author conducted a questionnaire survey via the internet. Analyses of 723 responses received from women aged 18 to 39 living in Kanto region who were rearing children revealed the following 3 findings. 1） In less urbanized areas, social media tended to be used for maintaining ties among families, relatives or people living in the local community. 2） In more urbanized areas, there was no significant relationship between social media usage and support networks. 3） In highly urbanized areas, social media usage had the closest relationships with support networks and tended to contribute to the construction and maintenance of more diverse social networks

Older Adults\u27 Daily Step Counts and Time in Sedentary Behavior and Different Intensities of Physical Activity

Background: Daily step count is the simplest measure of physical activity. However, little is known about how daily step count related to time spent in different intensities of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB). Methods: These cross-sectional data were derived from 450 older Japanese adults (56.7% men; mean age, 74.3 years) who were randomly selected from three communities and responded a survey. Daily step count and time spent in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), light-intensity PA (LPA), and SB were measured using a validated wearable technology (HJA-350IT). Associations of daily step count with time spent in measured behaviors were examined using linear regression models with isometric log-ratio transformations of time-use composition, adjusting for gender, age, and residential area. Results: Participants averaged 5,412 (standard deviation, 2,878) steps/d and accumulated MVPA, LPA, and SB corresponding to 4.0%, 34.8%, and 61.2% of daily waking time, respectively. Daily step count significantly increased with increase in time spent in MVPA relative to other behaviors (ie, LPA and SB) and in the ratio of LPA to SB after allowing for MVPA. After stratification, daily step count was significantly related to the ratio of LPA to SB in those taking \u3c5,000 steps/d, but not in those taking 5,000-7,499 and \u3e= 7,500 steps/d. Conclusions: Higher daily step count can be an indicator of not only larger relative contribution of time spent in MVPA, but also higher ratio between LPA and SB, particularly among those who are the least physically active