Thyroid Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Study at the Diabetes Centre, Al-Gamhouria Modern General Hospital, Aden, Yemen

يُعد خلل وظائف الغدة الدرقية أحد الاضطرابات الغدية الشائعة بين مرضى السكري من النوع الثاني (T2DM). تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحديد معدل انتشار خلل وظائف الغدة الدرقية بين مرضى السكري وعلاقته بالعوامل الديموغرافية والسريرية. أُجريت دراسة مقطعية شملت 100 مريض مصاب بالسكري من النوع الثاني، حيث تم تقييم وظائف الغدة الدرقية من خلال قياس مستويات هرمون الغدة الدرقية المحفز (TSH) والثيروكسين الحر (FT4) وثلاثي يودوثيرونين الحر (FT3). بلغ معدل انتشار خلل وظائف الغدة الدرقية 20%، وكان قصور الغدة الدرقية (18%) هو النوع الأكثر شيوعًا. لم تجد الدراسة فروقًا ذات دلالة إحصائية في العمر أو الجنس بين المرضى الذين يعانون من خلل وظائف الغدة الدرقية والذين لا يعانون منه. ومع ذلك، كانت مستويات هرمون TSH مرتفعة بشكل ملحوظ لدى المرضى الذين يعانون من خلل وظائف الغدة الدرقية (p=0.001). تؤكد هذه النتائج على أهمية الفحص الروتيني لوظائف الغدة الدرقية لدى مرضى السكري من النوع الثاني لتحسين الكشف المبكر والإدارة السريرية.Background: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) frequently have thyroid dysfunction, an endocrine condition that requires careful examination. Objective: The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among 100 T2DM patients was explored in this cross-sectional study. Method: Thyroid function was assessed using levels of free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Results: The findings showed a 20% prevalence of thyroid dysfunction, with hypothyroidism accounting for 18%. Notably, patients with and without thyroid disease did not differ significantly in terms of age or gender. However, patients with thyroid dysfunction had noticeably higher TSH levels (p=0.001). Conclusion: These results underscore how crucial routine thyroid function testing is for T2DM patients to promote early detection and efficient treatment

The Digital Burnout Among Jordanian Private School Teachers

 هدفتْ الدراسة التعرف إلى مستوى الاحتراق الرقمي لدى مُعلمي المدارس الخاصة الأردنية في مديرية التربية والتعليم للواء قصبة عمّان من وجهة نظرهم، ولتحقيق هدف الدراسة تم تطوير أداة الاستبانة، وتكونت عيّنة الدراسة من (359) مُعلمًا ومُعلمةً، واستخدم المنهج الوصفي المسحي، وتوصلت الدراسة إلى أنّ مستوى الاحتراق الرقمي جاء متوسطًا لدى مُعلمي المدارس الخاصة الأردنية بمجالاته التي تم ترتيبها تنازليًا: الحرمان الرقمي، والإدمان الرقمي، والإرهاق العاطفي، وتبدد الشخصية وجاءت جميعها بمستوى متوسط، وأظهرت النتائج وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين المتوسطات الحسابية لتقديرات المعلمين لمتغير الاحتراق الرقمي تُعزى لمتغير الجنس ولصالح الذكور، وسنوات الخبرة، وتبين وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية لتقديرات المعلمين لمستوى الاحتراق الرقمي الكلي للمعلمين الذين يمتلكون خبرة أقل من خمس سنوات و5 إلى أقل من 10 سنوات، وتبيّن وجود فروق لمجال الإرهاق العاطفي، وتبدد الشخصية لصالح المعلمين الذين يمتلكون خبرة أقل من خمس سنوات و5 إلى أقل من 10 سنوات، وفروق لمجال الإدمان الرقمي للمعلمين للذين يمتلكون خبرة أقل من خمس سنوات، وتبين عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية تُعزى لمتغير المؤهل العلمي ولمجال الحرمان الرقمي.  الكلمات المفتاحية: الاحتراق الرقمي، الحرمان الرقمي، الإدمان الرقمي، الإرهاق العاطفي، تبدد الشخصية، المدارس الخاصة الأردنية.This study aimed to assess the level of digital burnout among teachers in private schools in the Directorate of Education of Qasabat Amman from their perspective. To achieve the study’s objectives, a questionnaire was developed, with a sample size of 359 teachers. The descriptive survey approach was employed. The findings revealed that the level of digital burnout among these teachers was moderate in its various aspects: emotional exhaustion, digital deprivation, digital addiction, and depersonalization. The results also showed significant differences in the teachers\u27 assessments of digital burnout based on gender, with males reporting higher levels. Additionally, there were significant differences based on years of experience, particularly among teachers with less than five years and those with five to less than ten years of experience. Specific differences were found in the areas of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, favoring teachers with less than five years and those with five to less than ten years of experience, and in the area of digital addiction for teachers with less than five years of experience. Furthermore, significant differences were found in the field of digital deprivation based on the teachers\u27 educational qualifications

Improved Depression System Using Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System

The place of depression in impeding organisational productivity cannot be overemphasised, as this silent and almost neglected mental health disorder has caused loss of revenue, loss of jobs, death, and risk of suicide in the workplace. Depression is a prevalent and dangerous medical condition that has an adverse effect on one\u27s emotions, thoughts, and behaviour. Some of the basic symptoms of depression include sadness and/or a loss of interest in once-enjoyed activities, and it can impair the capacity of an individual to perform both at work and at home and result in a range of emotional and physical issues. With an estimated 6.7%, which accounts for one in fifteen adults suffering from depression in any given year. Furthermore, 16.6% of people, or one in six, will at some point in their lives experience depression; therefore, the need for a system to accurately detect the disease in a timely manner. This paper, therefore, proposes the development of a workplace depression detection system using a mobile application development platform. The proposed system was developed in Android Studio with Java and Kotlin using the object-orientated analysis and design (OOAD) methodology, which is a flexible software development paradigm that takes an object-orientated approach. The new mobile apps have great potential in addressing the burden of workplace depression with the aim to intervene with at-risk people, particularly in the workplace, which is crucial to their effectiveness, as the system shows high accuracy in identifying depression, and it is portable, secure, and user-friendly, providing an amazing user experience (UX). The system can be implemented and used in the workplace, making it accessible to all and thereby enhancing employee efficiency and productivity

Awareness and Knowledge of Drug-Laboratory Test Interferences among Medical Laboratory Technologists in Yemen

Background: Drug-laboratory test interactions (DLTIs) can mislead the health care professionals and provide incorrect information regarding the patient’s health status. To date there are no specific courses in medical laboratory science curricula in Yemen that specialize in this topic. Objective: This study aims to reveal the knowledge about DLTIs among laboratory technologists in Yemen. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 11 governorates in Yemen to evaluate the awareness about DLTIs among laboratory technologists. An electronic questionnaire was distributed, and responses were analyzed. Results: A total of 396 laboratory technologists participated in this study. The majority of respondents (96.4%) reported that certain medications can affect laboratory test results, and 89.4% of participants showed knowledge about common medication interferences, but specific drug class awareness varied considerably. Only 53 (13.3%) had received formal training on drug-laboratory test interference and scored the highest in the knowledge questions. Conclusion: Formal training on DLTIs is important to ensure accurate laboratory test results

An Enhanced Gray-Scale Digital Watermarking Approach Utilizing Discrete Wavelet Transform and Reed-Solomon Error Correction

أصبح تضمين العلامات المائية الرقمية أمرًا أساسيًا لحماية الملكية الفكرية وضمان أصالة المحتوى في العصر الرقمي. ومع ذلك، تظل التحديات الرئيسية تتمثل في تطوير تقنيات العلامات المائية التي تكون قوية بما يكفي لمقاومة الهجمات المختلفة (مثل الضغط، والضوضاء، والقص) وفي نفس الوقت غير ملحوظة للعين البشرية، وهو أمر ضروري للحفاظ على جودة المحتوى الأصلي. يعالج هذا البحث هذه التحديات من خلال اقتراح تقنية متقدمة لتضمين العلامات المائية في الصور الرقمية تعتمد على التحويل الموجي المتقطع ثلاثي المستويات (DWT) باستخدام عائلة موجات Haar إلى جانب أكواد تصحيح الأخطاء من نوع Reed-Solomon (RS). يقوم التحويل الموجي ثلاثي المستويات بتقسيم الصورة إلى مكونات تردد متعددة، مما يسمح بتضمين العلامة المائية في الأجزاء الأكثر أهمية في الصورة، مما يعزز من قوة العلامة المائية. تعزز إضافة أكواد Reed-Solomon فوق الحقول المنتهية من مقاومة العلامة المائية، مما يمكنها من التعافي حتى في حالة تعرض أجزاء من العلامة للتلف أو الفقد بسبب الهجمات. أظهرت النتائج التجريبية أن المنهجية المقترحة تحسن أداء العلامة المائية بشكل كبير، حيث أظهرت مقاييس نسبة الذروة للإشارة إلى الضوضاء (PSNR) ومؤشر التشابه البنيوي (SSIM) زيادات ملحوظة. ويعزز الجمع بين تحويل Haar الموجي وأكواد Reed-Solomon من قوة العلامة المائية بمقدار يصل إلى 27 ضعفًا مقارنة بالطرق التقليدية التي لا تتضمن تصحيح الأخطاء. تقدم هذه المنهجية حلًا واعدًا لتضمين العلامات المائية الرقمية بشكل آمن وفعال وموثوق في التطبيقات التي تتطلب درجة عالية من القوة وسلامة المحتوىDigital watermarking has become essential for protecting intellectual property and ensuring content authenticity in the digital age. However, a significant challenge remains in developing watermarking techniques that are both robust against various attacks (such as compression, noise, and cropping) and imperceptible to the human eye, which is crucial for maintaining the quality of the original content. This paper addresses these challenges by proposing an advanced digital image watermarking technique that combines a three-level Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) using the Haar wavelet family with Reed-Solomon (RS) error-correcting codes. The three-level DWT decomposes the image into multiple frequency components, allowing the watermark to be embedded in the most significant parts of the image, thereby enhancing robustness. The integration of Reed-Solomon codes over finite fields further increases the watermark\u27s resilience, enabling recovery even when parts of the watermark are damaged or lost due to attacks. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly improves watermark performance, with Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) showing substantial gains. The combination of Haar-based DWT and Reed-Solomon codes improves the watermark\u27s robustness by up to 27 times compared to traditional methods without error correction. This approach provides a promising solution for secure, efficient, and reliable digital watermarking in applications requiring high robustness and content integrity.

Design And Fabrication of Color Sorting Machine Based on Computer Vision

Manual sorting of objects by color can be exhausting and time-consuming, resulting in high labor costs and the potential for errors. At the same time, achieving accurate automation of this sorting process poses a challenging engineering task. This study presents a real-time method utilizing image processing of video frames collected by a camera and processed by an onboard Raspberry Pi computer. Unlike systems relying on color sensors or AI, this work achieves comparable accuracy using cost-effective, fast color identification with different colors\u27 shades. An algorithm was specifically developed using the OpenCV package for this objective. The sorted objects are then transferred by a robotic gripper mechanism to their respective bins. The mechanical side will have a robotic arm and conveyor belt. The proposed design will be proven to be an effective and economical solution based on its capacity to pass tests set to evaluate its performance, where it exhibited a 90% accuracy under ideal operating conditions. The strategy being proposed is ideal for industrial applications that require color-sorting machinery, such as the fruit packaging and food processing sectors

Barriers and Attitudes toward Psychotherapy in Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Psychotherapy is a fundamental kind of treatment for people struggling with meager mental well-being for overcoming emotional obstacles and seeking personal development via the use of psychological tools. Objective: The research explores the barriers to seeking psychotherapy in Pakistan due to the fragile mental health of the population. Methods: The natives were approached through the cross-sectional study for collecting data specifically from adults 15 years and above from all socioeconomic backgrounds. Results: 340 responses were collected, in which the ratio of female participants was 82.4% and of male was 17.6%. The most pervasive reasons for high stress levels among people were self-doubt and negative ways of thinking. The findings indicate that a sizable portion of Pakistan\u27s population is coping with mental health problems, but getting professional help is socially stigmatized. Nevertheless, 17.1% of people stated that they had sought the assistance of a counsellor or psychiatrist, and out of that, 95.3% of those surveyed recommended therapy to others facing any psychological issue. Conclusion: The exploration ends with the conclusion that Pakistani natives are in an utmost need to access mental health, and if not managed, it may lead to social detachment

LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY OF AMARANTHUS HYBRIDUS EXTRACT AND BIO-SYNTHESIZED COPPER NANOPARTICLES AGAINST MOSQUITO VECTORS

This research covers the synthesis and characterization of Cu nanoparticles using leaf extract of Amaranthus hybridus and the larvicidal evaluation of Amaranthus hybridus and Cu nanoparticles. Nanoparticles are an important area in biotechnology that has been attracting interest recently. The bottom-up method of synthesizing nanoparticles using plant extract (green synthesis) was adopted for this study. In this study, copper nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using the leaf extract of African spinach and characterized using various instruments. The FTIR analysis reveals the presence of various functional groups, such as the O-H (hydroxy) group, which was observed at 3363 cm⁻¹; the O=C (carbonyl) group, which appears at 1633 cm⁻¹; the sp³ C-H peak, which appears at 2924 cm⁻¹; C-C at 1014 cm⁻¹; and the Cu-O peak, which was observed at 676 cm⁻¹. A similar peak was not observed on the FTIR of Amaranthus hybridus. The SEM analysis shows crystalline irregular morphology. While the XRD analysis shows a face-centered cubic crystalline (FCC) shape, the size of the Cu nanoparticles was calculated to be 18.61 nm. The larvicidal activity of Amaranthus hybridus shows lethal concentration (LC) against Culex larvae; for the first instar, LC50 was found to be 40.42 mg/L, and LC90 was 82.08 mg/L. Second instar LC50 was 43.75 mg/L, and LC90 was 85.42 mg/L. For third/fourth instar, LC50 was 42.40 mg/L, while LC90 was 82.40 mg/L. Lethal dose/lethal concentration against Anopheles (LC50) for all instars was 32.86, 47.20, and 43.20 mg/L, respectively. LC90 was found to be (70.35, 87.20, 83.20) mg/L. The larvicidal activity of Cu NPs was calculated, and LC50 against Culex was found to be 22.20, 26.05, and 30.97 mg/L, respectively, and LC90 was found to be 42.20, 49.30, and 63.23 mg/L. While the LC50 of Anopheles larvae was found to be (28.84, 36.07, 35.40) mg/L and the LC90 was (52.09, 71.79, 64.60) mg/L, the correlation for both Culex and Anopheles’ larvae was significant for all instars

Examining Cultural Equivalence used in the Translation of Dammaj\u27s Novel "Al-Rahinah"

يتناول هذا البحث نوع التكافؤ الثقافي الذي استخدم في ترجمة رواية دماج "الرهينة" إلى اللغة الإنجليزية بقلم مي جيوسي وكريستوفر تينجلي. بالاعتماد على تقنيات نيدا في التكافؤ الرسمي والديناميكي. تبحث هذه الدراسة فيما إذا كانت العناصر الثقافية اليمنية في "الرهينة" قد تم نقلها بشكل شكلي أو تكييفي. أثناء التحليل، تم تحديد نوع التكافؤ المستخدم وقياسه كمياً. في هذه الحالة، نادرا ما يستخدم التكافؤ الرسمي على الرغم من أن التكافؤ الديناميكي يبدو أنه يستخدم بشكل رئيسي لنقل العناصر الثقافية اليمنية إلى اللغة الإنجليزية. بشكل عام، يبدو أن المترجمين اعتمدوا على التكافؤ الديناميكي لإضافة أو شرح أو استبدال أو حذف المصطلحات اللغوية المصدرية التي ربما أدت إلى خسارة كبيرة وتحريف للثقافة اليمنية. علاوة على ذلك، أثبت نهج التكافؤ الرسمي عدم فعاليته لأنه افترض مسبقا ترجمة كلمة بكلمة للمواد الثقافية مما أدى إلى عدم فعالية نقلها في اللغة الهدف. وكما أظهرت نتائج البحث، لم يساهم أي من التكافؤ الديناميكي والرسمي في الترجمة في تحسين نتائج الترجمة لأن كلا النهجين أخفيا عددًا كبيرًا من المفاهيم الثقافية الموجودة في النص المصدر.This research paper examines the type of cultural equivalence used in translating Dammaj\u27s novel "Al-Rahinah" into English by May Jayyusi and Christopher Tingley. Using Nida\u27s ideas about formal and dynamic equivalence, this study looks into whether the cultural aspects of Yemen in "Al-Rahinah" were communicated in a formal or an adaptive way. During the analysis, the type of equivalence used was identified and quantified. In this case, formal equivalence was rarely used, although dynamic equivalence seemed to be mainly employed to transfer the Yemeni cultural items into English. Generally, it appeared that the translators relied on the dynamic equivalence to add, explain, replace, or omit source linguistic terms that may have resulted in a significant loss and misrepresentation of Yemeni culture. Besides, the formal equivalence approach was inefficient because it presupposed a word-for-word translation of cultural items, which led to their ineffective conveyance in the target language. As the research findings showed, none of the dynamic and formal equivalency in translation contributed to the better translation outcome because both approaches concealed a significant number of cultural notions present in the source text. Keywords: "Al-Rahinah", cultural and dynamic equivalence,  word-for-word translatio

Social Innovation in Yemen: Opportunities and Challenges

يُعد الاقتصاد اليمني اقتصادًا ريعيًا، يعتمد بشكل رئيسي على النفط والغاز كمورد وحيد، في ظل ضعف شديد في البنية التحتية والمؤسسات الاقتصادية، ومع اندلاع الحرب في العام (2015م) تفاقمت الأوضاع الاقتصادية والاجتماعية بشكل كبير، مما دفع الباحثين إلى دراسة وتحليل واقع الاقتصاد اليمني خلال فترة الحرب الممتدة بين عامي (2014–2024م)، بهدف فهم آثار الصراع في مؤشرات الاقتصاد الكلي والاجتماعي، واستكشاف سُبل التعافي وإعادة الإعمار. اعتمدت الدراسة على تحليل مقارن بين مرحلتين زمنيتين (ما قبل الحرب وما بعدها)، باستخدام منهج وصفي مدعوم بتحليل سببي ومقارن، وذلك استنادًا إلى بيانات رسمية وتقارير محلية ودولية، وركّز التحليل على عدد من المؤشرات الأساسية مثل (الناتج المحلي، والبطالة، والفقر، والنزوح، والتضخم)، في محاولة للإجابة عن سؤال محوري: ما مدى تأثير الحرب في الاقتصاد اليمني، وما التداعيات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية المترتبة عليها، وما التحديات المستقبلية المحتملة في طريق إعادة الإعمار؟ أظهرت النتائج وجود تدهور حاد في معظم المؤشرات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية كنتيجة للحرب، مما يعكس هشاشة البنية الاقتصادية، وتهديدًا لاستقرار البلاد في المستقبل القريب، وقد توصل الباحثان إلى مجموعة من النتائج والتوصيات التي تهدف إلى تقديم حلول واقعية واستشرافية على المستويين الاقتصادي والاجتماعي، في سبيل بناء مرحلة جديدة أكثر استقرارًا واستدامة.The Yemeni economy is fragile, relying mainly on oil and gas as its sole resource due to the severe weakness of its infrastructure and economic institutions. The outbreak of war in 2015 significantly worsened economic and social conditions, prompting researchers to study the Yemeni economy during the war (2014–2024). The aim was to understand the conflict\u27s effects on macroeconomic and social indicators and to explore recovery and reconstruction strategies.    The study compared two time periods (pre- and post-war) using a descriptive approach supported by causal and comparative analyses based on official data and local and international reports. The analysis focused on key indicators such as GDP, unemployment, poverty, displacement, and inflation to answer a central question: What is the extent of the war\u27s impact on the Yemeni economy? What are the economic and social repercussions? What are the potential future challenges on the road to reconstruction?    The results revealed a significant decline in most economic and social indicators, highlighting the vulnerability of the economic structure and posing a threat to the country\u27s stability in the near future. The researchers developed a set of findings and recommendations aimed at providing realistic, forward-looking solutions on economic and social levels to build a more stable and sustainable future