33 research outputs found
Spectrochemical analysis of sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus) leaves for environmental health monitoring
Terrestrial plants are ideal sentinels of environmental pollution, due to their sedentary nature, abundance and sensitivity to atmospheric changes. However, reliable and sensitive biomarkers of exposure have hitherto been difficult to characterise. Biospectroscopy offers a novel approach to the derivation of biomarkers in the form of discrete molecular alterations detectable within a biochemical fingerprint. We investigated the application of this approach for the identification of biomarkers for pollution exposure using the common sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus) as a sentinel species. Attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy was used to interrogate leaf tissue collected from three sites exposed to different levels of vehicle exhaust emissions. Following multivariate analysis of acquired spectra, significant biochemical alterations were detected between comparable leaves from different sites that may constitute putative biomarkers for pollution-induced stress. These included differences in carbohydrate and nucleic acid conformations, which may be indicative of sub-lethal exposure effects. We also observed several corresponding spectral alterations in both the leaves of A. pseudoplatanus exposed to ozone pollution under controlled environmental conditions and in leaves infected with the fungal pathogen Rhytisma acerinum, indicating that some stress-induced changes are conserved between different stress signatures. These similarities may be indicative of stress-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, although further work is needed to verify the precise identity of infrared biomarkers and to identify those that are specific to pollution exposure. Taken together, our data clearly demonstrate that biospectroscopy presents an effective toolkit for the utilisation of higher plants, such as A. pseudoplatanus, as sentinels of environmental pollution
Natural History of MYH7-Related Dilated Cardiomyopathy
BACKGROUND: Variants in myosin heavy chain 7 (MYH7) are responsible for disease in 1% to 5% of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM); however, the clinical characteristics and natural history of MYH7-related DCM are poorly described. OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the phenotype and prognosis of MYH7-related DCM. We also evaluated the influence of variant location on phenotypic expression. METHODS: We studied clinical data from 147 individuals with DCM-causing MYH7 variants (47.6% female; 35.6 ± 19.2 years) recruited from 29 international centers. RESULTS: At initial evaluation, 106 (72.1%) patients had DCM (left ventricular ejection fraction: 34.5% ± 11.7%). Median follow-up was 4.5 years (IQR: 1.7-8.0 years), and 23.7% of carriers who were initially phenotype-negative developed DCM. Phenotypic expression by 40 and 60 years was 46% and 88%, respectively, with 18 patients (16%) first diagnosed at <18 years of age. Thirty-six percent of patients with DCM met imaging criteria for LV noncompaction. During follow-up, 28% showed left ventricular reverse remodeling. Incidence of adverse cardiac events among patients with DCM at 5 years was 11.6%, with 5 (4.6%) deaths caused by end-stage heart failure (ESHF) and 5 patients (4.6%) requiring heart transplantation. The major ventricular arrhythmia rate was low (1.0% and 2.1% at 5 years in patients with DCM and in those with LVEF of ≤35%, respectively). ESHF and major ventricular arrhythmia were significantly lower compared with LMNA-related DCM and similar to DCM caused by TTN truncating variants. CONCLUSIONS: MYH7-related DCM is characterized by early age of onset, high phenotypic expression, low left ventricular reverse remodeling, and frequent progression to ESHF. Heart failure complications predominate over ventricular arrhythmias, which are rare
Composition, potential emissions and agricultural value of pig slurry from Spanish commercial farms
[EN] Pig slurry is a valuable fertilizer for crop
production but at the same time its management may
pose environmental risks. Slurry samples were collected
from 77 commercial farms of four animal categories
(gestating and lactating sows, nursery piglets and
growing pigs) and analyzed for macronutrients,
micronutrients, heavy metals and volatile fatty acids.
Emissions of ammonia (NH3) and biochemical methane
potential (BMP) were quantified. Slurry electrical
conductivity, pH, dry matter content and ash content
were also determined. Data analysis included an
analysis of correlations among variables, the development
of predictionmodels for gaseousemissions and the
analysis of nutritional content of slurries for crop
production. Descriptive information is provided in this
work and shows a wide range of variability in all studied
variables. Animal category affected some physicochemical
parameters, probably as a consequence of
different slurry management and use of cleaning water.
Slurries from gestating sows and growing pigs tended to
be more concentrated in nutrients, whereas the slurry
from lactating sows and nursery piglets tended to be
more diluted. Relevant relationships were found among
slurry characteristics expressed in fresh basis and gas
emissions. Predictivemodels using on-farmmeasurable
parameterswere obtained forNH3 (R2 = 0.51) andCH4
(R2 = 0.76), which suggests that BMP may be estimated
in commercial farms from easily determined
slurry characteristics. Finally, slurry nutrient composition
was highly variable. Therefore, complete analyses
of slurries should be performed for an effective and
environmental friendly land application.This project was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (AGL2011-30023) and the Valencian Government (ACOMP/2013/118). We thank the BABEL Project, Building Academic Bonds between Europe and Latin America. Erasmus Mundus Programme Action 2 for PhD fellowships. The translation of this paper was funded by the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia, Spain.Antezana-Julian, WO.; Blas, CD.; García-Rebollar, P.; Rodríguez, C.; Beccaccia, A.; Ferrer Riera, P.; Cerisuelo, A.... (2016). Composition, potential emissions and agricultural value of pig slurry from Spanish commercial farms. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems. 104(2):159-173. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-016-9764-3S1591731042Aarnink AJA, Verstegen MWA (2007) Nutrition, key factor to reduce environmental load from pig production. 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Ecuadorian Migration in Amsterdam and Madrid: The Structural Contexts
AbstractThe scope of this chapter is to outline the main characteristics of the two contexts that were the scenario of the phenomenon that is the object of this book. The analysis will centre on those structural features of the cities of Amsterdam and Madrid and, more in general, of the Netherlands and Spain, that may have had an influence on the experience of Ecuadorian irregular migrants
Association of follow-up infarct volume with functional outcome in acute ischemic stroke: a pooled analysis of seven randomized trials.
BACKGROUND: Follow-up infarct volume (FIV) has been recommended as an early indicator of treatment efficacy in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Questions remain about the optimal imaging approach for FIV measurement. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of FIV with 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score and investigate its dependency on acquisition time and modality. METHODS: Data of seven trials were pooled. FIV was assessed on follow-up (12 hours to 2 weeks) CT or MRI. Infarct location was defined as laterality and involvement of the Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score regions. Relative quality and strength of multivariable regression models of the association between FIV and functional outcome were assessed. Dependency of imaging modality and acquisition time (≤48 hours vs >48 hours) was evaluated. RESULTS: Of 1665 included patients, 83% were imaged with CT. Median FIV was 41 mL (IQR 14-120). A large FIV was associated with worse functional outcome (OR=0.88(95% CI 0.87 to 0.89) per 10 mL) in adjusted analysis. A model including FIV, location, and hemorrhage type best predicted mRS score. FIV of ≥133 mL was highly specific for unfavorable outcome. FIV was equally strongly associated with mRS score for assessment on CT and MRI, even though large differences in volume were present (48 mL (IQR 15-131) vs 22 mL (IQR 8-71), respectively). Associations of both early and late FIV assessments with outcome were similar in strength (ρ=0.60(95% CI 0.56 to 0.64) and ρ=0.55(95% CI 0.50 to 0.60), respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with an acute ischemic stroke due to a proximal intracranial occlusion of the anterior circulation, FIV is a strong independent predictor of functional outcome and can be assessed before 48 hours, oneither CT or MRI
Between Regional Spaces and Spaces of Regionalism: Cross-border Region Building in the Spanish ‘State of the Autonomies’
Aspectos técnicos en la infiltración caudal guiada por tomografía computarizada
Introduction: Caudal epidural infiltration is currently one of the most used regional analgesia techniques for control of chronic low pack pain. Our primary objective in this presentation is to highlight a new technique for performing this intervention which is simpler and less aggressive for the patient than that classically used. Material and methods: This new technique has been used on 13 patients (2 males and 11 females) between 33 and 84 years. All patients had chronic lumbar pain. A General Electric Light Speed 16 CT scanner, a 22G lumbar puncture needle and appropriate sterile measures, were used to perform the technique. The CT scanner is a tool that makes it much easier to visualise the sacrococcygeal ligament. After the needle is introduced, and checked using CT, into the caudal spinal canal, the bevel is turned in the cranial direction in order that the medication administered comes out of the needle orifice towards the neural canal. Discussion: The most common technique for performing caudal epidural infiltration is usually done in the prone position with the head turned to one side using an X-ray arch. Using this technique we show that the puncture is less aggressive, quicker and with fewer possibilities of complications. The risk of perforating the dural sac is practically non-existent. There is also less risk of producing haematomas or infections, due to there being much less manipulation of the needle and only involves a direct puncture. In the 100% of cases on which our technique has been performed, the diffusion of the administered medication has been made in the cranial direction, which has been verified using contrast added to the pharmacological mixture.Introducción: La infiltración epidural caudal constituye en la actualidad una de las técnicas de analgesia regional que se utiliza con más frecuencia para el dolor crónico lumbar. Nuestro objetivo principal a alcanzar en esta exposición es poner de relieve una nueva técnica para realizar esta intervención que resulta más sencilla y menos agresiva para el paciente que la utilizada clásicamente. Material y métodos: Esta técnica se ha realizado en 13 pacientes (2 varones y 11 mujeres), con edades comprendidas entre los 33 y los 84 años. Todos los pacientes tenían dolor lumbar crónico. Para realizarla se ha utilizado un equipo de tomografía computarizada (TC) General Electric Light Speed 16, una aguja de punción lumbar de 22G y las medidas estériles adecuadas. La TC es una herramienta que facilita enormemente la visualización del ligamento sacrocoxígeo. Una vez introducida la aguja y comprobado mediante TC que se encuentre en el interior del canal raquídeo caudal, se procede a girar el bisel en dirección craneal con el objetivo de que el fármaco administrada salga por el orificio de la aguja hacia el canal neural. Discusión: La técnica más frecuente en la práctica de la infiltración epidural caudal se realiza habitualmente con el paciente en decúbito prono, con la cabeza girada sobre un lado utilizando un arco de rayos X. Mediante la técnica que mostramos, la punción es menos agresiva, más rápida y hay menos posibilidades de complicaciones. El riesgo de perforar el saco dural es prácticamente inexistente, así como de producir hematomas o infecciones, debido a que la manipulación con la aguja es mucho menor y se ciñe únicamente a una punción directa. En el 100% de los casos en que se ha practicado nuestra técnica, la difusión de la medicación administrada se ha realizado en dirección craneal, lo cual se ha verificado debido al contraste que se ha añadido a la mezcla farmacológica
Alternative Microstructural Measures to Complement Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Migraine Studies with Standard MRI Acquisition
The white matter state in migraine has been investigated using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures, but results using this technique are conflicting. To overcome DTI measures, we employed ensemble average diffusion propagator measures obtained with apparent measures using reduced acquisitions (AMURA). The AMURA measures were return-to-axis (RTAP), return-to-origin (RTOP) and return-to-plane probabilities (RTPP). Tract-based spatial statistics was used to compare fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity and radial diffusivity from DTI, and RTAP, RTOP and RTPP, between healthy controls, episodic migraine and chronic migraine patients. Fifty healthy controls, 54 patients with episodic migraine and 56 with chronic migraine were assessed. Significant differences were found between both types of migraine, with lower axial diffusivity values in 38 white matter regions and higher RTOP values in the middle cerebellar peduncle in patients with a chronic migraine (p < 0.05 family-wise error corrected). Significantly lower RTPP values were found in episodic migraine patients compared to healthy controls in 24 white matter regions (p < 0.05 family-wise error corrected), finding no significant differences using DTI measures. The white matter microstructure is altered in a migraine, and in chronic compared to episodic migraine. AMURA can provide additional results with respect to DTI to uncover white matter alterations in migraine
Tratamiento mediante punción guiada por TC de un meningocele intrasacro oculto doloroso: Caso clínico y revisión de la literatura
Case reports: We report a 43-year old patient with a history of disabling pain sacrum 8/10 on the VAS of 8 months. No sensory disturbances were noted or loss of bowel control. Consultation conducted in multiple hospitals. She underwent a computed tomography (CT) lumbar that highlighted a hemangioma in L5, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the pelvis which showed muscle breakdown grade I of the left maximus gluteus, and a cystic lesion in the sacrum, which was interpreted as a Tarlov cyst. She received analgesic and anti-inflammatory treatment with no improvement. She also goes through two facet blocks and even a lock in the left piriformis, all without results. In our center we practised a lumbosacral MRI which highlighted a cystic lesion localized in central and right lateral sacral spinal canal at the level of S2-S3 transition. It was high signal on T2 and low signal on T1. Discussion: According to Nabors classification, this lesion corresponds to a hidden intrasacro meningocele. The hidden intrasacro meningocele (extradural meningeal cyst type classification LB Nabors) is a rare entity that usually develops between the third and fourth decade of life, as an insidious clinical lower extremity pain, with or without radicular symptoms, bowel dysfunction and sensory disturbances. The usual treatment of these lesions is surgical intervention. In our case puncture and evacuation guided by CT of the sacral cyst was performed, yielding about 2 cc of a sero-hematic fluid. The postoperative course was a remarkable improvement, and the sacral pain happened to be 3/10 on the VAS. In the literature that we have reviewed, this is the first case in which a hidden painful intrasacro meningocele is evacuated by CT-guided puncture.Casos clínicos: Presentamos una paciente de 43 años con historia clínica de dolor sacro incapacitante 8/10 en la escala de EVA de 8 meses de evolución. No se apreciaban alteraciones sensitivas ni pérdida del control de esfínteres. Realizó consulta en múltiples hospitales. Se le practicaron una tomografía computadorizada (TC) lumbar que puso de relieve un hemangioma en L5, una resonancia magnética (RM) de pelvis en la que se evidenció rotura muscular grado I del glúteo mayor izquierdo y una lesión quística en el sacro que se interpretó como quiste de Tarlov. Recibió tratamiento analgésico y antiinflamatorio sin mejoría. Se le realizaron dos bloqueos facetarios e incluso un bloqueo del músculo piriforme izquierdo, todo ello sin resultados. En nuestro centro se practicó una RM lumbo-sacra que puso de relieve la lesión quística de localización central y lateral derecha en canal espinal sacro a la altura de la transición S2-S3. Era de alta señal en T2 y de baja señal en T1. Según la clasificación de Nabors correspondía a un meningocele intrasacro oculto. Discusión: El meningocele intrasacro oculto (quiste meníngeo extradural tipo lB de la clasificación de Nabors) es una entidad poco frecuente que se presenta generalmente entre la tercera y cuarta década de la vida, como un cuadro clínico insidioso de dolor en extremidades inferiores, con o sin síntomas radiculares, disfunción de esfínteres y alteraciones sensitivas. El tratamiento habitual de este tipo de lesiones es la intervención quirúrgica. En nuestro caso se realizó punción y evacuación del quiste sacro guiado por TC obteniéndose unos 2 cc de un líquido sero-hemático. La evolución posterior fue de mejoría notable del dolor sacro que paso a ser de 3/10 en la escala de EVA. En la revisión de la literatura que hemos efectuado este es el primer caso en que se trata un meningocele intrasacro oculto doloroso mediante punción evacuadora guiada por TC