Youth’s Interests in Professions a Soci-Field Study for the City of Baghdad

Paying attention to the affairs of young people, their circumstances, their attitudes, and undoubtedly about work and the practice of a certain profession, helps to identify their reality, aspirations, problems, and the reasons that motivate them to go to a particular job, stay away from the other, and fulfill their various needs. The importance of the study lies in the noticeable increase in interest in youth, and the issue of youth and their work has become one of the important topics, due to the effective and influential role they play in the progress and development of societies and nations. A special issue that the researcher needs in his theoretical and practical study to collect scientific facts. The study included an intentional sample of young people and others who are able to work in different professions, whose ages range between (18-46) years only. The city of Baghdad was chosen because it is one of the millions of cities in the world and from the various governorates of the country. The study aimed to:1- Identifying the trends and motives of young people towards professions.2- Knowing the reasons that make a particular profession higher than others.3- Identifying the hierarchical order of the position of professions in Baghdadi society.This has shown the most important results of the study objectives:·         The first objectiveFinancial / high wages for his work.Psychological / the individual\u27s desire to achieve social relations and respect for others.Social / Achieving a prestigious social position in society.·         The second objective The study concluded that there are reasons for young people’s motives towards choosing a profession related to the nature of their personal qualifications on the one hand, and what they get (financially and morally) from this profession, as follows:·         High wages·         Availability of opportunities for advancement and development·         Profession stability and stability in general·         Less risks and problems·         Social relations·         Lack of effortThe third objective occupied the first five ranks of the hierarchy of jobs for their priority and importance, which are as follows (university professor, doctor, engineer, teacher, lawyer, officer, public servant, ...etc. This shows the respondents\u27 interest in governmental jobs for economic and social motives. The most important recommendation has been shown in the study: creating a balance between workers in the field of professional work and workers in the field of professional self-employment in order to advance sound development plans, through development programs presented by the media. employees in other professional sectors

Spacing Size Effect between Columns on the Blast Load Response of Reinforced Concrete Frames

تركزّ البحث الحالي على دراسة تأثير الشكل الهندسي المتمثل بإعادة توزيع الفضاءات بين الاعمدة الداخلية على سلوك الهياكل الانشائية الخرسانية المسلحة المعرضة للحمل الانفجاري وتقييم الضرر الناتج عن ذلك الحمل على المنشآت (الهياكل الخرسانية المسلحة). تم تصميم الهيكل من الخرسانة المسلحة والمكون من ثمانية طوابق وثلاثة فضاءات حسب المدونة الامريكية ACI-14. استخدم برنامج SAP2000(V.20) لأغراض التحليل والتصميم ودراسة استجابة المنشأ للسلوك (المرن - اللدن) تحت تأثير الحمل الانفجاري وذلك من خلال عدد من المتغيرات منها الازاحة الجانبية العظمى واللدنة أَعلى المنشأ، عدد وحالة المفاصل اللدنة المتكوّنة وعددها، ودليل الضرر. مُثِل العنصر الانشائي ثنائي الابعاد بنموذج (عتبة - عمود) ذي الثلاث درجات حرية، حيث اعتُمد مخطط التداخل بين القوة المحورية والعزم كسطح للخضوع للانتقال من السلوك المرن الى السلوك اللدن بالنسبة للأعمدة بينما حُدِّد عزم الخضوع التصميمي كمعيار في الاعتاب لنفس السلوك وطبقاً لمبدأ اللدونة المتجمعة (المفاصل اللدنة) نهاية كل عنصر. عُدَّ الشكل المنتظم والمتناظر انشائياً من حيث توزيع فضاءات الاعمدة وصلابتها له تأثير واضح على تقليل التشوهات والازاحات اللدنة للمنشأ وتقليل دليل الضرر المقاس بالنسبة للطاقة المتبددة بعد استجابة المنشأ. على وفق هذه الدراسة فان المسافة بين مركزي الكتلة والصلابة تؤثر بشكل كبير على استجابة المنشأ، فاذا قلّت هذه المسافة بين المركزين كانت استجابة المنشأ بأقل نسبة ضرر للعناصر الانشائية مقارنة بالحالات الاخرى غير المتناظرة.The present research focuses on studying the effect of the geometric shape of the redistribution of spaces between the internal columns on the behavior of reinforced concrete structural frames exposed to explosive load, and the evaluation of the damage caused by that load on the structures. The eight-story reinforced concrete structure and three bays are designed according to the American Code ACI-14. SAP2000 (V.20) was used for analysis, design and study of the elastic – plastic structural response under the blast loads, through several variables, including the maximum lateral and plastic displacements, the number and condition of the formed plastic hinges, and index damage. The two-dimensional structural element was represented by a three-degree of freedom (beam-column) model, where the interaction between the axial force and the moment was used as a yield surface to follow the transition from elastic to plastic behavior for the columns, while the yield moment was defined as a yield criterion for the same behavior according to the principle of accumulated plasticity (Plastic Hinge) at the end of element. The uniformity in the column spacing, for a geometrical shape considerations, having a clear effect on reducing the deformations and plastic displacements of the structure and reducing the damage index  with respect to the energy dissipated after the structural response. As a result, the distance between the mass and stiffness centers of the structural members affect the response of frame, the least distance between these two centers results in least damage to the structural elements compared to other symmetrical cases

An unusual presentation of subacute Haemophilus parainfluenzae endocarditis in a low-risk woman treated by minimally invasive mitral valve repair: a case report

Background: HACEK endocarditis is usually insidious and can often be difficult to diagnose due to the slow-growing nature of the organisms. This report presents our experience in treating a patient with Haemophilus parainfluenzae endocarditis. Case presentation: We describe the case of a previously fit and well 23 year-old woman who presented to her local emergency department with a four-week history of persistent febrile illness. She had associated nausea, vomiting, and lethargy. This was preceded by an episode of mucopurulent rhinorrhoea. She was treated empirically with oral amoxicillin for a putative diagnosis of rhinosinusitis. Initially, her symptoms abated, however, she was readmitted with high fevers and a new pansystolic murmur. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a large, mobile, echogenic mass, tethered to the posterior mitral valve leaflet (PMVL) and mild mitral regurgitation (MR). On examination, she had multiple non-tender, erythematous macules on the plantar surface of her feet, consistent with Janeway lesions. Two separate blood cultures grew H. parainfluenzae. Infectious diseases recommended a four-week course of intravenous ceftriaxone. Transesophageal echocardiography demonstrated a perforation within the P3 segment of the PMVL. Subsequently, the patient underwent mitral valve repair surgery with an uneventful recovery. Conclusions: Our case highlights the importance of promptly diagnosing HACEK endocarditis. A prolonged course of antibiotic therapy can be lifesaving, and surgery is often necessary to address complications such as perforation within the mitral valve leaflets. In our patient, we were able to perform a sliding P2 leaflet plasty for good quality repair of the mitral valve, through a minimally invasive right anterior thoracotomy

An intelligent controlling method for battery lifetime increment using state of charge estimation in PV-battery hybrid system

In a photovoltaic (PV)-battery integrated system, the battery undergoes frequent charging and discharging cycles that reduces its operational life and affects its performance considerably. As such, an intelligent power control approach for a PV-battery standalone system is proposed in this paper to improve the reliability of the battery along its operational life. The proposed control strategy works in two regulatory modes: maximum power point tracking (MPPT) mode and battery management system (BMS) mode. The novel controller tracks and harvests the maximum available power from the solar cells under different atmospheric conditions via MPPT scheme. On the other hand, the state of charge (SOC) estimation technique is developed using backpropagation neural network (BPNN) algorithm under BMS mode to manage the operation of the battery storage during charging, discharging, and islanding approaches to prolong the battery lifetime. A case study is demonstrated to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed scheme which shows only 0.082% error for real-world applications. The study discloses that the projected BMS control strategy satisfies the battery-lifetime objective for off-grid PV-battery hybrid systems by avoiding the over-charging and deep-discharging disturbances significantly

An Intelligent Controlling Method for Battery Lifetime Increment Using State of Charge Estimation in PV-Battery Hybrid System

In a photovoltaic (PV)-battery integrated system, the battery undergoes frequent charging and discharging cycles that reduces its operational life and affects its performance considerably. As such, an intelligent power control approach for a PV-battery standalone system is proposed in this paper to improve the reliability of the battery along its operational life. The proposed control strategy works in two regulatory modes: maximum power point tracking (MPPT) mode and battery management system (BMS) mode. The novel controller tracks and harvests the maximum available power from the solar cells under different atmospheric conditions via MPPT scheme. On the other hand, the state of charge (SOC) estimation technique is developed using backpropagation neural network (BPNN) algorithm under BMS mode to manage the operation of the battery storage during charging, discharging, and islanding approaches to prolong the battery lifetime. A case study is demonstrated to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed scheme which shows only 0.082% error for real-world applications. The study discloses that the projected BMS control strategy satisfies the battery-lifetime objective for off-grid PV-battery hybrid systems by avoiding the over-charging and deep-discharging disturbances significantl

Epstein-Barr virus-induced metabolic rearrangements in human B-cell lymphomas

Tumor metabolism has been the object of several studies in the past, leading to the pivotal observation of a consistent shift toward aerobic glycolysis (so-called Warburg effect). More recently, several additional investigations proved that tumor metabolism is profoundly affected during tumorigenesis, including glucose, lipid and amino-acid metabolism. It is noticeable that metabolic reprogramming can represent a suitable therapeutic target in many cancer types. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was the first virus linked with cancer in humans when Burkitt lymphoma (BL) was described. Besides other well-known effects, it was recently demonstrated that EBV can induce significant modification in cell metabolism, which may lead or contribute to neoplastic transformation of human cells. Similarly, virus-induced tumorigenesis is characterized by relevant metabolic abnormalities directly induced by the oncoviruses. In this article, the authors critically review the most recent literature concerning EBV-induced metabolism alterations in lymphomas

A cost‑utility analysis comparing endovascular coiling to neurosurgical clipping in the treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage

Endovascular coiling (EC) has been identifed in systematic reviews and meta-analyses to produce more favourable clinical outcomes in comparison to neurosurgical clipping (NC) when surgically treating a subarachnoid haemorrhage from a ruptured aneurysm. Cost-efectiveness analyses between both interventions have been done, but no cost-utility analysis has yet been published. This systematic review aims to perform an economic analysis of the relative utility outcomes and costs from both treatments in the UK. A cost-utility analysis was performed from the perspective of the National Health Service (NHS), over a 1-year analytic horizon. Outcomes were obtained from the randomised International Subarachnoid Aneurysm Trial (ISAT) and measured in terms of the patient’s modifed Rankin scale (mRS) grade, a 6-point disability scale that aims to quantify a patient’s functional outcome following a stroke. The mRS score was weighted against the Euro-QoL 5-dimension (EQ-5D), with each state assigned a weighted utility value which was then converted into quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). A sensitivity analysis using diferent utility dimensions was performed to identify any variation in incremental cost-efectiveness ratio (ICER) if diferent input variables were used. Costs were measured in pounds sterling (£) and discounted by 3.5% to 2020/2021 prices. The cost-utility analysis showed an ICER of−£144,004 incurred for every QALY gained when EC was utilised over NC. At NICE’s upper willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of £30,000, EC ofered a monetary net beneft (MNB) of £7934.63 and health net beneft (HNB) of 0.264 higher than NC. At NICE’s lower WTP threshold of £20,000, EC ofered an MNB of £7478.63 and HNB of 0.374 higher than NC. EC was found to be more ‘cost-efective’ than NC, with an ICER in the bottom right quadrant of the cost-efectiveness plane—indicating that it ofers greater benefts at lower costs. This is supported by the ICER being below the NICE’s threshold of £20,000–£30,000 per QALY, and both MNB and HNB having positive values (>0)

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles', which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

Background Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.Methods A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital.Findings Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.85 [95% CI 2.58-5.75]; p<0.0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63.0% vs 82.7%; OR 0.35 [0.23-0.53]; p<0.0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Interpretation Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised

Hematologic characterization based on the classification of sepsis in bitches with pyometritis submitted to osh therapeutic in hvu

The aim of this study was to identify hematological alterations between sepsis and severe sepsis in bitches with pyometritis. A total of 50 records of female patients diagnosed with pyometritis were evaluated at Unisul Veterinary Hospital from 2013 to 2017. Of these, five were excluded from the study because they had preexisting organic dysfunction. The animals were classified as septic when they presented 2 of the 4 SIRS criteria (body temperature 39,2°C, heart rate >120bpm, respiratory rate >20mpm and leukometry 16,000/μL or more 3% of young neutrophils) added to the infectious focus (piometrite). For the classification of severe sepsis, the presence of organic dysfunction was considered. A t-test with p39,2°C, frequência cardíaca >120bpm, frequência respiratória >20mpm e leucometria 16.000/μL ou mais de 3% de neutrófilos jovens) somado ao foco infeccioso (piometrite). Para a classificação de sepse grave foi considerada a presença de disfunção orgânica. Para determinação da diferença entre os grupos foi realizado teste t com p<0,05. Foram classificados como sepse 24 (53%) animais e 16 (36%) como sepse grave. Cinco (10%) não preencheram os critérios de SIRS, sendo classificados como não-sepse. Os animais com sepse grave apresentaram resultados elevados quando comparados aos sépticos nos seguintes parâmetros: leucócitos totais, representando leucocitose (p<0,05), neutrófilos bastonetes (p<0,01), neutrófilos tóxicos (p<0,05), diminuição de hematócrito, representando anemia (p=0,005) e diminuição da contagem de plaquetas, representando plaquetopenia (p=0,01). Os parâmetros de neutrófilos segmentados, monócitos, RDW e PDW não apresentaram diferença significativa. A análise dos dados demonstrou que os animais com sepse grave possuem alterações hematológicas mais severas do que os animais com sepse. O hemograma é uma ferramenta prática e de baixo custo, indispensável para o diagnóstico destes pacientes. A tabela adaptada mostrou-se eficiente para a classificação de sepse. Os resultados sugerem ainda que a piometrite pode ser usada como modelo para estudos clínicos em sepse