CENP-C unwraps the human CENP-A nucleosome through the H2A C-terminal tail

Centromeres are defined epigenetically by nucleosomes containing the histone H3 variant CENP-A, upon which the constitutive centromere-associated network of proteins (CCAN) is built. CENP-C is considered to be a central organizer of the CCAN. We provide new molecular insights into the structure of human CENP-A nucleosomes, in isolation and in complex with the CENP-C central region (CENP-C-CR), the main CENP-A binding module of human CENP-C. We establish that the short alpha N helix of CENP-A promotes DNA flexibility at the nucleosome ends, independently of the sequence it wraps. Furthermore, we show that, in vitro, two regions of human CENP-C (CENP-C-CR and CENP-C-motif) both bind exclusively to the CENP-A nucleosome. We find CENP-C-CR to bind with high affinity due to an extended hydrophobic area made up of CENP-A(V)(532) and CENP-A(V)(533). Importantly, we identify two key conformational changes within the CENP-A nucleosome upon CENP-C binding. First, the loose DNA wrapping of CENP-A nucleosomes is further exacerbated, through destabilization of the H2A C-terminal tail. Second, CENP-C-CR rigidifies the N-terminal tail of H4 in the conformation favoring H4(K20) monomethylation, essential for a functional centromere

Efecto de la hormona de crecimiento sobre los parámetros seminales, el hemograma parcial y el nivel de testosterona en búfalos Nili Ravi

The purpose of this trial was to examine the possible effects of exogenous growth hormone (GH) on semen quality, hematological variables and serum testosterone concentration in Nili Ravi buffalo. Bulls of the treatment group (n=3) were injected with recombinant GH 500 mg in a 15 day interval for 10 consecutive weeks, while bulls of control group (n=3) received equal volume of normal saline solution. Semen samples were collected twice per week and analyzed for physiological parameters. Blood samples collected fortnightly were analyzed for red blood cells count (RBC), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), white blood cell (WBC), neutrophils, lymphocytes, and serum testosterone levels. Data were analyzed statistically using t-test. Results indicated that GH treatment of Nili-Ravi buffaloes significantly (p<0.05) increased ejaculatory volume (8.8±0.2 vs 7.7±0.2 ml), sperm motility (72.6±0.4 vs 67.4±0.7%), mass activity (3.35±0.07 vs 2.52±0.08), sperm concentration (982.2±67.8 vs 731.9±50.5 million/ml), live sperm (80.1±0.3 vs 75.8±0.5%) and serum testosterone (4.02±0.21 vs 2.37±0.07 ng/ml) compared to control bulls. Among hematological variables, lymphocytes were increased (p<0.05), but MCV, WBC count, and neutrophils decreased (p<0.05). Hb, RBC and PCV remained unchanged. However, values of these variables were within normal ranges for buffalo bulls. In conclusion, treatment of Nili-Ravi bulls with GH improved semen quality and increased serum testosterone without ostensible adverse effects on the general state.El propósito de este ensayo fue examinar los posibles efectos de la hormona de crecimiento exógena (GH) sobre la calidad del semen, algunas variables del hemograma y la concentración de testosterona en suero de toros bubalinos Nili Ravi. Los búfalos del grupo tratado (n=3) fueron inyectados con 500 mg de somatotropina recombinante cada 15 días durante 10 semanas consecutivas, mientras que los del grupo control (n=3) recibieron igual volumen de solución fisiológica salina. Las muestras de semen fueron tomadas dos veces por semana y analizadas para evaluar los parámetros fisiológicos. Las muestras de sangre colectadas quincenalmente fueron analizadas para establecer el recuento de glóbulos rojos, la  concentración de hemoglobina, el hematocrito, el volumen corpuscular medio (MCV), recuento de glóbulos blancos (WBC), tasa de neutrófilos y linfocitos, así como los niveles séricos de testosterona. Los datos obtenidos fueron analizados estadísticamente por medio del test-t de Student. Los resultados indicaron que el tratamiento con somatotropina aumentó significativamente (p<0,05) el volumen eyaculado (8,8±0,2 versus 7,7±0,2 ml), la motilidad del semen (72,6±0,4 versus 67,4±0,7%), la actividad de masa (3,35±0,07 versus 2,52±0,08), la concentración de espermatozoides (982,2±67,8 versus 731,9±50,5 millones/ml), los espermatozoides vivos (80,1±0,3 versus 75,8±0,5%) y el nivel de testosterona sérica (4,02±0,21 versus 2,37±0,07 ng/ml), comparados con los animales controles. En el hemograma aumentaron los linfocitos (p<0,05) y disminuyeron variables como volumen corpuscular medio, recuento de leucocitos y tasa de neutrófilos (p<0,05). Hemoglobina, concentración de eritrocitos y hematocrito permanecieron inalterados. Todos los parámetros investigados se situaron dentro de los rangos normales para toros bubalinos. En conclusión, el tratamiento de búfalos Nili-Ravi con somatotropina mejoró la calidad del semen y aumentó la testosterona sérica, sin provocar ostensibles efectos adversos en el estado general de los toro

Characterization of Plasticized CMC-NH4BR Based Biopolymer Electrolyte and Electrochemical Studies on the Solid-State Batteries

Much research has been devoted to the preparation of solid polymer electrolytes made of various materials. Some of the wellknown are synthetic polymer materials (petroleum resources) but these polymers are high in cost and the depletion of petroleum resources coupled with increasing environmental regulation. For these reasons, a lot of effort has been made to develop the electrolytes using natural biopolymer materials. The increasing interest in green energy storage materials for electrochemical devices with the development of polymer as electrolytes candidate has attracted great attention recently. It can offer a number of high-value opportunities, provided that lower costs can be obtained besides environmental friendly. Due to this matter, the development of plasticized biodegradable polymer electrolytes (BPEs) has been accomplished in this work by incorporating various composition of EC with carboxy methylcellulose doped NH4Br via solution casting method. The plasticized polymer– salt complex formation and ionic conduction of BPEs have been analyzed through infrared spectroscopy and impedance measurement. Plasticization using EC in BPEs system helps the enhancement of NH4Br dissociation and therefore increases the protonation process in the system. The highest ionic conductivity obtained for CMC−NH4Br containing with 25 wt. % NH4Br was achieved at 1.12 x 10-4 S cm-1 and enhanced to 3.31 x 10-3 S cm-1 with addition of EC. The conductivity-temperature for BPEs system obeys the Arrhenius relation where the ionic conductivity increases with temperature. The electrochemical cell were fabricated with the configuration of Zn + ZnSO4.7H2O | BPEs system | MnO2 for the highest conductivity and produced a maximum open circuit voltage of 1.48 V at ambient temperature and showed good rechargeability

Complete Feed Batang Pisang Terfermentasi Dengan Level Protein Berbeda Terhadap Kecernaan Bahan Kering, Kecernaan Bahan Organik Dan TDN Secara in Vitro

The study aimed to investigate the effect of protein level in the complete feed based on fermented banana pseudostem(CFFBP) on in vitro digestibility. The experiment was conducted from May to August 2016. CFFBP was made at the field laboratory of Tribhuwana Tunggadewi University, Malang. Proximate and in vitro digestibility analysis was carried out at the Animal Nutrition Laboratory, the Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Brawijaya University. The experiment used Completely Randomized Design with 3 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments were P1CFFBP at protein level 12%; P2CFFBP at protein level 14%; P3CFFBP at protein level 16%. The results showed that digestibility of dry matter (DMD), digestibility of organic matter (OMD) and Total Digestible Nutrient (TDN) were significantly affected by the treatments (P<0.01). The highest digestibility of DMD, of OMD and TDN was found at CFFBP with protein level 14%. The DMD value were P171.56%, P2 75.06% and P3 74.32%. The OMD value were P165.53%, P2 68.50% and P3 69,82%. The TDN value were P161.84%, P2 66.07% and P3 64.91%. The experiment concluded that the increasing level of protein in the CFFBP could increase DMD, OMD and TDN, and it was related to the availability of protein and energy ratio. The ideal level of protein in this experiment was 14%

Pendekatan Service Oriented Architecture (Soa) Untuk Merespon Perubahan User Requirement Aplikasi E-government

Pendefinisian user requirement yang tidak komprehensif kadangkala menyebabkan pengembangan sistem informasi menjadi lama, over budget dan tidak dapat beradaptasi dengan Perubahan regulasi. Selain itu, adanya anggapan bahwa tidak adanya Perubahan regulasi dalam memberikan layanan kepada masyarakat. Hal ini disebabkan karena menganggap kondisi environment selalu berjalan normal. Pada Kenyataanya, pengembangan sistem informasi memerlukan perhatian khusus untuk antisipasi terhadap kondisi environment yang tidak dapat diprediksi Perubahannya. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi dalam hal pengembangan sistem berbasis Service Oriented Analysis & Design dengan pendekatan SOA untuk mengakomodir Perubahan user requirement agar dapat dijadikan referensi untuk melakukan penelitian lanjutan

A novel Multi-permittivity Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna for Wideband Applications

In this paper, a novel multi-permittivity cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna for wideband application is presented. The multi-permittivity cylinder is formed by combining two different permittivity material sectors in such a way that each sector (with constant permittivity) is 90 degree apart. A direct microstrip line coupling terminated with T-stub at the open end is used to excite the multi-permittivity cylindrical dielectric resonator. The angular position of the multi sector dielectric resonator with respect to the longitudinal axis of the microstrip line and length of the additional strip at the open end of the feeding circuit is key parameters for wideband operation of the antenna. By optimizing all parameters of the proposed antenna, wideband impedance bandwidth of 56% (12.1 GHz - 21.65 GHz) is achieved. The average gain of the antenna throughout the bandwidth is 5.9 dB with good radiation properties in both E-plane and H-plane. A well matched simulation and experimental results show that the antenna is suitable for wideband applications

Characteristics of Mineral Oil-based Nanofluids for Power Transformer Application

Trends in the field of nanomaterial-based transformer oil show most of the conducted works have focused only on the transformer oil-based nanofluids but limited studies on the stability of transformer oil-based nanofluids. Since mineral oil-based nanofluids still can produce the sedimentation, thus the cold-atmospheric pressure plasma method is proposed to functionally modify the Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) nanofiller in order to enhance the electrical properties of the mineral oil-based nanofluids. The AC breakdown strength oil samples before and after modification were measured. It was found that the plasma treated nanofluids have higher AC breakdown voltage compared to pure oil and untreated nanofluids. Also, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy has been used in this study to analyse the physical changes of oil samples. It is envisaged that the added silica nanofiller has significant effect on electrical properties of the transformer oil-based nanofluids which would enable to the development of an improved class of liquid dielectric for the application of power transformer

Potential of Wind Speed for Wind Power Generation In Perlis, Northern Malaysia

 This paper presents an analysis of the wind speed characteristics in Perlis, Northern Malaysia for the year of 2006. The characteristics consist of daily, monthly and annual mean wind speed. The Weibull distribution function is applied to analyze the wind speed characteristics and used to calculate the wind power generation potential. Potential of wind power generation is observed and analyzed during 24 hours (9th March 2011). The analysis result of monthly mean wind power and energy density show that the early (January to march) and the end (December) of year have a high wind power and energy potential, but the middle of year they are very low, it is necessary to develop  a special wind power generation capable of harnessing the little wind resource available in Perlis. Observation during 24 hours (9th March 2011), for a 24 V wind power generation gives 10% of its total output voltage