An optimized approach for extensive segmentation and classification of brain MRI

With the significant contribution in medical image processing for an effective diagnosis of critical health condition in human, there has been evolution of various methods and techniques in abnormality detection and classification process. An insight to the existing approaches highlights that potential amount of work is being carried out in detection and segmentation process but less effective modelling towards classification problems. This manuscript discusses about a simple and robust modelling of a technique that offers comprehensive segmentation process as well as classification process using Artificial Neural Network. Different from any existing approach, the study offers more granularities towards foreground/background indexing with its comprehensive segmentation process while introducing a unique morphological operation along with graph-believe network for ensuring approximately 99% of accuracy of proposed system in contrast to existing learning scheme

Integrated Modelling Approach for Enhancing Brain MRI with Flexible Pre-Processing Capability

The assurance of an information quality of the input medical image is a critical step to offer highly precise and reliable diagnosis of clinical condition in human. The importance of such assurance becomes more while dealing with important organ like brain. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is one of the most trusted mediums to investigate brain. Looking into the existing trends of investigating brain MRI, it was observed that researchers are more prone to investigate advanced problems e.g. segmentation, localization, classification, etc considering image dataset. There is less work carried out towards image preprocessing that potential affects the later stage of diagnosing. Therefore, this paper introduces a novel model of integrated image enhancement algorithm that is capable of solving different and discrete problems of performing image pre-processing for offering highly improved and enhanced brain MRI. The comparative outcomes exhibit the advantage of its simplistic implemetation strategy

First measurement of Ωc0 production in pp collisions at s=13 TeV

The inclusive production of the charm–strange baryon 0 c is measured for the first time via its hadronic √ decay into −π+ at midrapidity (|y| <0.5) in proton–proton (pp) collisions at the centre-of-mass energy s =13 TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The transverse momentum (pT) differential cross section multiplied by the branching ratio is presented in the interval 2 < pT < 12 GeV/c. The pT dependence of the 0 c-baryon production relative to the prompt D0-meson and to the prompt 0 c-baryon production is compared to various models that take different hadronisation mechanisms into consideration. In the measured pT interval, the ratio of the pT-integrated cross sections of 0 c and prompt + c baryons multiplied by the −π+ branching ratio is found to be larger by a factor of about 20 with a significance of about 4σ when compared to e+e− collisions

ALICE luminosity determination for Pb−-Pb collisions at sNN=5.02\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} = 5.02 TeV

International audienceLuminosity determination within the ALICE experiment is based on the measurement, in van der Meer scans, of the cross sections for visible processes involving one or more detectors (visible cross sections). In 2015 and 2018, the Large Hadron Collider provided Pb–Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of √s$_{NN}$ = 5.02 TeV. Two visible cross sections, associated with particle detection in the Zero Degree Calorimeter (ZDC) and in the V0 detector, were measured in a van der Meer scan.This article describes the experimental set-up and the analysis procedure, and presents the measurement results. The analysis involves a comprehensive study of beam-related effects and an improved fitting procedure, compared to previous ALICE studies, for the extraction of the visible cross section. The resulting uncertainty of both the ZDC-based and the V0-based luminosity measurement for the full sample is 2.5%. The inelastic cross section for hadronic interactions in Pb–Pb collisions at √s$_{NN}$ = 5.02 TeV, obtained by efficiency correction of the V0-based visible cross section, was measured to be 7.67 ± 0.25 b, in agreement with predictions using the Glauber model

Anisotropic flow and flow fluctuations of identified hadrons in Pb–Pb collisions at sNN \sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}} = 5.02 TeV

International audienceThe first measurements of elliptic flow of π$^{±}$, K$^{±}$, $\textrm{p}+\overline{\textrm{p}}$, ${\textrm{K}}_{\textrm{S}}^0$, $\Lambda +\overline{\Lambda}$, ϕ, ${\Xi}^{-}+{\overline{\Xi}}^{+}$, and ${\varOmega}^{-}+{\overline{\varOmega}}^{+}$ using multiparticle cumulants in Pb–Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV are resented. Results obtained with two- (v$_{2}${2}) and four-particle cumulants (v$_{2}${4}) are shown as a function of transverse momentum, p$_{T}$, for various collision centrality intervals. Combining the data for both v$_{2}${2} and v$_{2}${4} also allows us to report the first measurements of the mean elliptic flow, elliptic flow fluctuations, and relative elliptic flow fluctuations for various hadron species. These observables probe the event-by-event eccentricity fluctuations in the initial state and the contributions from the dynamic evolution of the expanding quark–gluon plasma. The characteristic features observed in previous p$_{T}$-differential anisotropic flow measurements for identified hadrons with two-particle correlations, namely the mass ordering at low p$_{T}$ and the approximate scaling with the number of constituent quarks at intermediate p$_{T}$, are similarly present in the four-particle correlations and the combinations of v$_{2}${2} and v$_{2}${4}. In addition, a particle species dependence of flow fluctuations is observed that could indicate a significant contribution from final state hadronic interactions. The comparison between experimental measurements and CoLBT model calculations, which combine the various physics processes of hydrodynamics, quark coalescence, and jet fragmentation, illustrates their importance over a wide p$_{T}$ range.[graphic not available: see fulltext

Σ(1385)±\Sigma (1385)^{\pm } resonance production in Pb–Pb collisions at sNN = 5.02\sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}}~=~5.02 TeV

International audienceHadronic resonances are used to probe the hadron gas produced in the late stage of heavy-ion collisions since they decay on the same timescale, of the order of 1–10 fm/c, as the decoupling time of the system. In the hadron gas, (pseudo)elastic scatterings among the products of resonances that decayed before the kinetic freeze-out and regeneration processes counteract each other, the net effect depending on the resonance lifetime, the duration of the hadronic phase, and the hadronic cross sections at play. In this context, the $\Sigma (1385)^{\pm }$ particle is of particular interest as models predict that regeneration dominates over rescattering despite its relatively short lifetime of about 5.5 fm/c. The first measurement of the $\Sigma (1385)^{\pm }$ resonance production at midrapidity in Pb–Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}}= 5.02$ TeV with the ALICE detector is presented in this Letter. The resonances are reconstructed via their hadronic decay channel, $\Lambda \pi$, as a function of the transverse momentum ($p_\textrm{T}$) and the collision centrality. The results are discussed in comparison with the measured yield of pions and with expectations from the statistical hadronization model as well as commonly employed event generators, including PYTHIA8/Angantyr and EPOS3 coupled to the UrQMD hadronic cascade afterburner. None of the models can describe the data. For $\Sigma (1385)^{\pm }$, a similar behaviour as $\textrm{K}^{*} (892)^{0}$ is observed in data unlike the predictions of EPOS3 with afterburner

Constraining the K‾N{\overline{\textrm{K}}}{\textrm{N}} coupled channel dynamics using femtoscopic correlations at the LHC

International audienceThe interaction of $\textrm{K}^{-}$with protons is characterised by the presence of several coupled channels, systems like ${\overline{\textrm{K}}}^0$n and \uppi \Sigma with a similar mass and the same quantum numbers as the $\textrm{K}^{-}$p state. The strengths of these couplings to the $\textrm{K}^{-}$p system are of crucial importance for the understanding of the nature of the $\Lambda (1405)$ resonance and of the attractive $\textrm{K}^{-}$p strong interaction. In this article, we present measurements of the $\textrm{K}^{-}$p correlation functions in relative momentum space obtained in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}~=~13$ Te, in p–Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}}~=~5.02$ Te, and (semi)peripheral Pb–Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}}~=~5.02$ Te. The emitting source size, composed of a core radius anchored to the $\textrm{K}^{+}$p correlation and of a resonance halo specific to each particle pair, varies between 1 and 2 fm in these collision systems. The strength and the effects of the ${\overline{\textrm{K}}}^0$n and \uppi \Sigma inelastic channels on the measured $\textrm{K}^{-}$p correlation function are investigated in the different colliding systems by comparing the data with state-of-the-art models of chiral potentials. A novel approach to determine the conversion weights $\omega$, necessary to quantify the amount of produced inelastic channels in the correlation function, is presented. In this method, particle yields are estimated from thermal model predictions, and their kinematic distribution from blast-wave fits to measured data. The comparison of chiral potentials to the measured $\textrm{K}^{-}$p interaction indicates that, while the \uppi \Sigma –$\textrm{K}^{-}$p dynamics is well reproduced by the model, the coupling to the ${\overline{\textrm{K}}}^0$n channel in the model is currently underestimated

Closing in on critical net-baryon fluctuations at LHC energies: Cumulants up to third order in Pb–Pb collisions

Fluctuation measurements are important sources of information on the mechanism of particle production at LHC energies. This article reports the first experimental results on third-order cumulants of the net-proton distributions in Pb–Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy sNN=5.02 TeV recorded by the ALICE detector. The results on the second-order cumulants of net-proton distributions at sNN=2.76 and 5.02 TeV are also discussed in view of effects due to the global and local baryon number conservation. The results demonstrate the presence of long-range rapidity correlations between protons and antiprotons. Such correlations originate from the early phase of the collision. The experimental results are compared with HIJING and EPOS model calculations, and the dependence of the fluctuation measurements on the phase-space coverage is examined in the context of lattice quantum chromodynamics (LQCD) and hadron resonance gas (HRG) model estimations. The measured third-order cumulants are consistent with zero within experimental uncertainties of about 4% and are described well by LQCD and HRG predictions

Observation of flow angle and flow magnitude fluctuations in Pb-Pb collisions at <math><mrow><msqrt><msub><mi>s</mi><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>5.02</mn><mspace width="0.16em"/><mi>TeV</mi></mrow></math> at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

International audienceThis Letter reports on the first measurements of transverse momentum dependent flow angle Ψn and flow magnitude vn fluctuations determined using new four-particle correlators. The measurements are performed for various centralities in Pb–Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of sNN = 5.02 TeV with ALICE at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Both flow angle and flow magnitude fluctuations are observed in the presented centrality ranges and are strongest in the most central collisions and for a transverse momentum pT&gt;2GeV/c. Comparison with theoretical models, including iEBE-VISHNU, MUSIC, and AMPT, show that the measurements exhibit unique sensitivities to the initial state of heavy-ion collisions

Neutron emission in ultraperipheral Pb-Pb collisions at sNN\sqrt {s_{NN}} = 5.02 TeV

International audienceIn ultraperipheral collisions (UPCs) of relativistic nuclei without overlap of nuclear densities, the two nuclei are excited by the Lorentz-contracted Coulomb fields of their collision partners. In these UPCs, the typical nuclear excitation energy is below a few tens of MeV, and a small number of nucleons are emitted in electromagnetic dissociation (EMD) of primary nuclei, in contrast to complete nuclear fragmentation in hadronic interactions. The cross sections of emission of given numbers of neutrons in UPCs of Pb208 nuclei at sNN=5.02 TeV were measured with the neutron zero degree calorimeters (ZDCs) of the ALICE detector at the LHC, exploiting a similar technique to that used in previous studies performed at sNN=2.76 TeV. In addition, the cross sections for the exclusive emission of one, two, three, four, and five forward neutrons in the EMD, not accompanied by the emission of forward protons, and thus mostly corresponding to the production of Pb207,206,205,204,203, respectively, were measured for the first time. The predictions from the available models describe the measured cross sections well. These cross sections can be used for evaluating the impact of secondary nuclei on the LHC components, in particular, on superconducting magnets, and also provide useful input for the design of the Future Circular Collider (FCC-hh)