Genetic Variability in the Indonesian Giant Clam (Tridacna crocea and Tridacna maxima) Populations: Implication for Mariculture and Restocking Program

Tridacna crocea and T. maxima are relatively abundant in the Indonesian coral reef. These two species are, however, under high presure due to exploitation for food, industry, and aquarium trade.  It is, therefore, necessary to understand their biology, such as genetic variability within and between populations, before utilizing them for strain improvement and restocking, prior to the extinction of the populations of T. crocea and T. maxima.  Here we amplified a length of 456 bp of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase I gene from Tridacna crocea and of 484 bp from T. maxima to asses the genetic variability within and between populations of both species.  The results showed that both species have high genetic diversity and polymorphism within each local population. This provides a sufficient basis for selection of improved strain of T. crocea and T. maxima for mariculture. However, if the genetic variation led to genetic differentiation among populations due to the result of evolutionary adaptation, mixing genetically different populations may result in the break up of co-adaptation gene complexes.  This might result in the loss of the physiological capacities of the parental populations

Genetic Variability of Polymesoda Erosa Population in the Segara Anakan Cilacap

Mud clams Polymesoda erosa in the Segara Anakan Cilacap are highly exploited by the local communities for daily consumption. This is presumed causing population decline and potentially causing loss of genetic diversity. Genetic diversity level within population can be obtained by population genetic study using molecular marker such as randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Here we amplified RAPD marker using ten arbitrary primers to assess genetic diversity of P. erosa population in the Segara Anakan Cilacap to provide genetic data for its sustainable use. The result proved that the used RAPD marker has high polymorphisms. The mud clam population was also showed a high level of heterozigosity and genetic diversity. This has important implication for the management plan towards ustainable use of P. erosa in the Segara Anakan Cilacap

Molecular Characteristics of Giant Gourami from Ciamis and Banyumas

Giant gourami has been widely cultivated across Java Island, including in Banyumas and Ciamis Regencies. However, information genetic characters of both populations were not available. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate molecular characteristics of giant gourami from Ciamis and Banyumas. A purposive random sampling was done Molecular characterization was performed using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA. Molecular data were analyzed statisticaly. Both populations were genetically different and they have high genetic diversity within population. Based on the high genetic diversity of giant gourami from Ciamis and Banyumas populations, it would be very good to crossbreed between those both to produce high quality offspring. &nbsp

PEMBELAJARAN RAMPAK KENDANG DALAM KEGIATAN EKSTRAKURIKULER DI SD KARTIKA X – 3

Penelitian berjudul “Pembelajaran Rampak Kendang dalam Kegiatan Ekstrakurikuler di SD Kartika X - 3” ini dilatarbelakangi oleh keinginan peneliti untuk mengembangkan kegiatan ekstrakurikuler serupa di banyak sekolah. SD tersebut dipilih menjadi contoh karena eksistensinya yang sudah ada sejak 2005, dan memiliki banyak prestasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membahas bagaimana kegiatan ekstrakurikuler Rampak Kendang di SD Kartika X – 3 berlangsung. Kajiannya mencakup pemilihan metode pembelajaran, tahapan-tahapan latihan, dan bagaimana cara pelatih mengevaluasi latihan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif melalui pendekatan kualitatif untuk menggambarkan fenomena yang sesungguhnya terjadi pada kegiatan latihan ektrakurikuler rampak kendang. Partisipan yang menjadi subjek penelitian adalah sembilan orang siswa anggota ekstrakurikuler rampak kendang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, tahapan pelatihan dimulai dari pengenalan waditra, bermain kendang, koreografi dan integrasi musik serta gerak. Metode yang dominan digunakan adalah demonstrasi dan imitasi. Demonstrasi memiliki dua tipe yaitu demonstrasi secara langsung oleh pelatih, dan demonstrasi menggunakan siswa sebagai model atau contoh. Begitu juga dengan imitasi, memiliki tiga tipe yaitu imitasi secara langsung, imitasi menggunakan mnemonik dan menggunakan hand sign. Sistem evaluasi yang digunakan pelatih adalah sistem evaluasi proses dan evaluasi hasil. Evaluasi proses dilakukan pada setiap akhir pertemuan sebagai evaluasi formatif, sedangkan evaluasi hasil secara keseluruhan dilakukan pada pertemuan terakhir (evaluasi sumatif). Melalui latihan secara bertahap dengan metode pembelajaran yang tepat bisa meningkatkan keterampilan siswa dalam memahami materi pola tabuhan kendang. Secara keseluruhan kegiatan ekstrakurikuler rampak kendang berjalan dengan baik. ;---“Rampak Kendang Extracurricular activities at SD Kartika X-3” research is based on the researcher’s desire to elaborate similar extracurricular activities in many other schools. This primary school was selected because of its existence since 2005, as well as having a good achievement. The purpose of this research is to investigate the Rampak Kendang’s learning activities at SD Kartika X-3. The emphasis of this research are about the preference of learning method, rehearsal phases, and instructor’s ways to evaluate.This research uses descriptive method as well as qualitative approach to describe facts about Rampak Kendang’s rehearsal. There are nine students of Rampak Kendang’s member involved as participants. Based on the research results, rehearsal phases begin by introducing “waditra”, how to play kendang, choreography, and integrating music with body movement. Preferred method which dominates the rehearsal are demonstration and imitation. There are two types of demonstration which are direct demonstration given by the instructor and demonstration involving students as role model. While imitation has three types of imitation, namely direct imitation, mnemonic imitation, and symbols media. Evaluation systems which is being used by the instructor are process evaluation and results evaluation. Process evaluation took place in the end of every rehearsals as formative evaluation, while the overall outcome as summative evaluation. Through gradual phase of rehearsals using right learning method will expand student’s ability to understand kendang’s rhythmic pattern. In conclusion, Rampak Kendang’s rehearsal process is going well

Penjinakan Dan Budidaya Ikan Brek (Puntius Orphoides) Sebagai Upaya Menuju Diversifikasi USAhatani Ikan Domestication and Culture of Tinfoil Barb (Puntius Orphoides) as an Effort Toward Fish Farming Diversification

Aims of this research were to investigate hatching rate of Puntius orphoides eggs resulted from artificial spawning and the effect of different water inlet number with different water debit and food on growth rate and survival rate of P. orphoides fry. Experimental method with factorial pattern was used. The first factor was ponds culture without water inlet and with one water inlet (10 LPM/m³ water debit), two water inlets (20 LPM/m³ water debit), and three water inlets (30 LPM/m³ water debit). The second factor was feeding with pellet and Tubifex. Each treatment was repeated twice. Parameter measured was number of hatched egg, increasing of body weight, length and survival rate. The data was analyzed by one way anova and further analysis with Duncan test. Result showed that P. orphoides could spawn in culture ponds with hatching rate of the egg was 82%. The highest growth rate was reached in the ponds with three water inlets (30 LPM/m³ water debit), while the best survival rate was reached in culture ponds with three water inlets (30 LPM/m³ water debit). Pellet food and Tubifex gave the same effect on the fish growth

The Duties & Authorities of Land Deeds Officer (PPAT) in Implementing the First Land Registration

The purpose of this study is to find out and analyze how the Duties and Authorities of Land Deed Maker Officials in the Implementation of Land Registration for the first time. To find out and analyze the Constraints and Solutions of Land Deed Making Officials in carrying out land registration activities for the first time and to find out what efforts must be made by PPAT. The method used by the researcher is Empirical Jurisdiction and The specifications in this study include descriptive analysis. The sources and types of data in this study are secondary data obtained from library studies. Based on the results of the study that The Duties and Authorities of the Land Deed Making Official in the Implementation of Land Registration for the first time are:make an authentic deed that plays a role in providing juridical data on changes to data on the implementation of land registration.The obstacles are: a.The inability of the parties to complete the requirements related to taxation. b.For the first application for land registration with proof of land acquisition in the form of a sale and purchase receipt or sale and purchase receipt, but the evidence in the form of a sale and purchase seal or sale and purchase receipt has been damaged. c. Requirements relating to taxation. d. Lost and unknown land book in the Land Office. The solution: a. The requirements that must be met by applicants who wish to apply for land registration are incomplete for the first time. b. Ask for a copy to the local Village Office, because all data on the sale and purchase of the land is in the Village office. c. All land owners are required to pay Land and Building Tax regularly every year if they want to register their land rights. d. It is hoped that people who have land that have not been registered (certified) to register their land with the Regency/Municipal National Land Agency Office regarding the importance of registering land rights

Pengaruh Strategi Think Pair Share pada Pembelajaran Guided Inquiry terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji pengaruh strategi think pair share pada pembelajaran guided inquiry terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis. Jenis penelitian adalah eksperimen semu dengan rancangan pretest dan posttest control design. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan kemampuan berpikir kritis antara siswa yang belajar menggunakan strategi think pair share dengan siswa yang belajar tanpa strategi think pair share. Kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa yang belajar menggunakan strategi think pair share lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan siswa yang belajar tanpa strategi think pair share

Molecular Characterization Reveals Genetic Differences Between Wild and Captive Populations of Mandiangin Giant Gourami (Osphronemus goramy)

  Captive population of Mandiangin giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy Lac.) is a new strain developed from wild pop-ulations in Riam Kanan Dam. No much is known about the genetic constituent of this strain compared to the parental population. This re-search was done to obtain information whether genetic alteration has occurred in captive population compared to their wild parental pop-ulation. Wild population was caught from Riam Kanan Dam, while captive population was collected from Balai Perikanan Budidaya Air Tawar (BPBAT) “Freshwater Aquaculture Centre” Mandiangin, South Kalimantan. The captive population of Batanghari strain from BPBAT Sungai Gelam, Jambi was also analyzed. Molecular assess-ment was done using CO1 PCR-RFLP which was developed by digest-ing the amplicon of the CO1 gene from all populations using two re-striction enzymes, namely HindIII and TaqI and resulted CO1-HindIII and CO1-TaqI RFLP markers. All tested populations showed uniform patterns of those CO1-RFLP markers but with different fragment sizes among populations. This means all resulted RFLP markers were mono-morphic in each populations but polymorphic among giant gourami populations. In other words, no genetic diversity within population but substantial genetic differences was observed between wild and cap-tive Mandiangin populations. This proved that genetic alteration has occurred in Mandiangin captive populations compared to the wild pa-rental giant gourami population. In conclusion, captive and wild pop-ulations of Mandiangin giant gourami were genetically different. This result is vital as scientific base for future development of inland fish-eries, especially for breeding strategy of Mandiangin giant gourami.

Molecular Phylogeny of Giant Clams Based on Mitochondrial DNA Cytochrome C Oxidase I Gene

There is an uncertainty for the relationships among giant clam species of Tridacninae, in particular among species belongs to subgenus Chametrachea i.e. Tridacna crocea, T. maxima, and T. squamosa based on different genetic markers. This study examined the relationships among three species within subgenus Chametrachea compared to the previous studies. Neighbour Joining, Maximum Parsimony and Maximum Likelihood tree were constructed based on 455 bp of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome c oxidase I gene from T. crocea, T. squamosa, T. maxima, T. gigas, and several sequences derived from Genbank for the outgroups. The results showed that giant clams formed a monophyletic group. Within Tridacna group, T. crocea was more closely related to T. squamosa than to T. maxima and they formed a monophyletic group. T. crocea and T. squamosa were sister taxa and sister group to T. maxima and T. gigas. Close affinity between T. crocea and T. squamosa was also supported by high similarity on nucleotide level (94.30%) and concordant with the results of the previous studies using mitochondrial 16S rRNA and nuclear 18S rRNA. Key words: phylogenetic relationships, Chametrachea, cytochrome c oxidase