Optimization of Information and Communication Technology: Digital Innovation for Sustainable Agriculture

The development of the times in the generation Z era, uses information technology so much that it cannot be separated from today’s daily life. This requires us to increasingly utilize this technology to provide positive impacts rather than negative effects. One use that can be used in the field of biology is to provide digital innovation to help people understand how to learn about oyster mushroom cultivation by the community. Fungi are a group of multicellular eukaryotic fungi with body parts consisting of a base. The group of fungi that have a basidium or are known as fruiting bodies are a group of macroscopic fungi. This group of macroscopic fungi has very high nutritional value. High protein and cellulase are one of the nutritional values contained in these fungi. Macroscopic fungi are often found in forest areas or plantations in rural areas. Edible mushrooms are a food ingredient that contains complete nutrition. Fungi can also be used as a medicinal ingredient. Ling-zhi fungus (Ganoderma sp.) is an ingredient in anticancer drugs, increasing fitness, lowering blood sugar, lowering cholesterol, destroying carcinogens, and antibacterial. Shiitake (Lentinus edodes), maitake (Grifola frondosa) and oyster (Pleurotus sp.) mushrooms have been used as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cholesterol, anti-cancer, antiviral and immunomodulator (Wasser, 2002). The benefits and knowledge regarding the potential of large mushrooms have not been well explored. One of the efforts that will be made in community service in Rajadesa village is to provide knowledge to the surrounding community to utilize the potential of natural resources around the village in order to cultivate large mushrooms, namely Pleurotus sp. The potential for villages with cold temperatures can be used as a place for mushroom cultivation coupled with the optimization of simple information technology to assist in the extension process. The results of the technological innovation used in the service will be carried out for two days with the education stage on how important it is to have the ability to cultivate mushrooms. The next stage is counseling regarding techniques for cultivating large mushrooms by utilizing the natural potential that exists in the countryside. As a result of the service, it is hoped that the community will have knowledge about the health benefits of mushrooms, the types of mushrooms that can be cultivated and education regarding mushroom cultivation techniques.The development of the times in the generation Z era, uses information technology so much that it cannot be separated from today’s daily life. This requires us to increasingly utilize this technology to provide positive impacts rather than negative effects. One use that can be used in the field of biology is to provide digital innovation to help people understand how to learn about oyster mushroom cultivation by the community. Fungi are a group of multicellular eukaryotic fungi with body parts consisting of a base. The group of fungi that have a basidium or are known as fruiting bodies are a group of macroscopic fungi. This group of macroscopic fungi has very high nutritional value. High protein and cellulase are one of the nutritional values contained in these fungi. Macroscopic fungi are often found in forest areas or plantations in rural areas. Edible mushrooms are a food ingredient that contains complete nutrition. Fungi can also be used as a medicinal ingredient. Ling-zhi fungus (Ganoderma sp.) is an ingredient in anticancer drugs, increasing fitness, lowering blood sugar, lowering cholesterol, destroying carcinogens, and antibacterial. Shiitake (Lentinus edodes), maitake (Grifola frondosa) and oyster (Pleurotus sp.) mushrooms have been used as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cholesterol, anti-cancer, antiviral and immunomodulator (Wasser, 2002). The benefits and knowledge regarding the potential of large mushrooms have not been well explored. One of the efforts that will be made in community service in Rajadesa village is to provide knowledge to the surrounding community to utilize the potential of natural resources around the village in order to cultivate large mushrooms, namely Pleurotus sp. The potential for villages with cold temperatures can be used as a place for mushroom cultivation coupled with the optimization of simple information technology to assist in the extension process. The results of the technological innovation used in the service will be carried out for two days with the education stage on how important it is to have the ability to cultivate mushrooms. The next stage is counseling regarding techniques for cultivating large mushrooms by utilizing the natural potential that exists in the countryside. As a result of the service, it is hoped that the community will have knowledge about the health benefits of mushrooms, the types of mushrooms that can be cultivated and education regarding mushroom cultivation techniques

Herpetofauna Diversity based on Microhabitat Characteristics at Two Altitudinal Levels in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park

Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park is a strategic conservation area. The existence of herpetofauna, which includes reptiles and amphibians, is an integral part of the ecosystem of this national park. Research on herpetofauna in TNBBS is relevant considering the potential threats to biodiversity due to climate change, habitat destruction, and human activities that affect the habitat conditions of these fauna groups. Based on this, this research is intended to explore the diversity of herpetofauna as an environmental bioindicator based on microhabitat characteristics at two altitude levels, namely highlands (Resort Sukaraja Atas) and lowlands (Way Canguk Research Station), Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (TNBBS). This study was conducted in July 2023 in two locations, namely Sukaraja Atas Resort representing the highlands and Way Canguk Research Station representing the lowlands. Sampling used line transect and VES (Virtual Encounter Survey) methods. The results showed that both locations, Way Canguk Research Station and Upper Sukaraja Resort, had moderate amphibian and reptile species diversity (2.7). Although diversity and evenness indices showed similarities between the two sites, Upper Sukaraja Resort stood out with a higher species richness value (5.7) compared to Way Canguk Research Station (4.9).Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park is a strategic conservation area. The existence of herpetofauna, which includes reptiles and amphibians, is an integral part of the ecosystem of this national park. Research on herpetofauna in TNBBS is relevant considering the potential threats to biodiversity due to climate change, habitat destruction, and human activities that affect the habitat conditions of these fauna groups. Based on this, this research is intended to explore the diversity of herpetofauna as an environmental bioindicator based on microhabitat characteristics at two altitude levels, namely highlands (Resort Sukaraja Atas) and lowlands (Way Canguk Research Station), Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (TNBBS). This study was conducted in July 2023 in two locations, namely Sukaraja Atas Resort representing the highlands and Way Canguk Research Station representing the lowlands. Sampling used line transect and VES (Virtual Encounter Survey) methods. The results showed that both locations, Way Canguk Research Station and Upper Sukaraja Resort, had moderate amphibian and reptile species diversity (2.7). Although diversity and evenness indices showed similarities between the two sites, Upper Sukaraja Resort stood out with a higher species richness value (5.7) compared to Way Canguk Research Station (4.9)

Herbal Medicine for Hypertension: Literature Review

Hypertension is a medical condition that often requires long-term management to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Herbal therapy has become an intriguing focus of research in seeking effective and sustainable alternatives in lowering blood pressure. This literature review presents an analysis of seven scientific journals focusing on herbal therapy for hypertension. The study employs a Literature Review method by gathering articles from relevant journals. The review findings indicate that various herbal therapies, ranging from garlic combination herbal medicine, rosella flower decoction, green tea consumption, education on the use of gotu kola and turmeric leaves, to cucumber juice therapy, bay leaf, and papaya juice, have the potential to lower blood pressure in hypertensive patients. The mechanisms of action of these herbs vary, including vasodilator, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. Based on the review of the seven published journals, it can be concluded that non-pharmacological therapy plays a significant role in hypertension treatment. These journals highlight the importance of considering comprehensive and individualized treatment options when managing hypertensive patients. Although the research methods vary, the results consistently indicate significant benefits of non-pharmacological treatment. However, further research is needed to validate these findings and expand our understanding of the efficacy and mechanisms of non-pharmacological treatments.Hypertension is a medical condition that often requires long-term management to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Herbal therapy has become an intriguing focus of research in seeking effective and sustainable alternatives in lowering blood pressure. This literature review presents an analysis of seven scientific journals focusing on herbal therapy for hypertension. The study employs a Literature Review method by gathering articles from relevant journals. The review findings indicate that various herbal therapies, ranging from garlic combination herbal medicine, rosella flower decoction, green tea consumption, education on the use of gotu kola and turmeric leaves, to cucumber juice therapy, bay leaf, and papaya juice, have the potential to lower blood pressure in hypertensive patients. The mechanisms of action of these herbs vary, including vasodilator, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. Based on the review of the seven published journals, it can be concluded that non-pharmacological therapy plays a significant role in hypertension treatment. These journals highlight the importance of considering comprehensive and individualized treatment options when managing hypertensive patients. Although the research methods vary, the results consistently indicate significant benefits of non-pharmacological treatment. However, further research is needed to validate these findings and expand our understanding of the efficacy and mechanisms of non-pharmacological treatments

Flora Diversity as An Attraction at Edu-Tourism Villa Tani Indonesia

Based on genetics and response to the environment, a diversity of flora can grow in an area, including in Villa Tani Indonesia. Villa Tani Indonesia is one of the tourist attractions, located in the Cilegon-Banten, which offers educational tourism based on agro-farming and animal husbandry. The plants cultivated at Villa Tani Indonesia utilized for educational tourism and post-harvest economy, thus some are annual plants but there are also annual plants that can be harvested in one growing season. The observation method was used to identify and to inventory the diversity of flora at Villa Tani Indonesia, which is used as an edu-tourism attraction. Based on the research showed that there was a diversity of flora of 27 species consisting of 16 families, namely Vitaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Rutaceae, Myrtaceae, Solanaceae, Fabaceae, Oxalidaceae, Malvaceae, Poaceae, Sapotaceae, Caricaceae, Rosaceae, Convolvulaceae, Amaranthaceae, Brassicaceae, and Gnetaceae. The highest number of individu was found in Zea mays, Ipomoea reptans, Ipomoea aquatic, Amaranthus tricolor, and Brasicca rapa.Based on genetics and response to the environment, a diversity of flora can grow in an area, including in Villa Tani Indonesia. Villa Tani Indonesia is one of the tourist attractions, located in the Cilegon-Banten, which offers educational tourism based on agro-farming and animal husbandry. The plants cultivated at Villa Tani Indonesia utilized for educational tourism and post-harvest economy, thus some are annual plants but there are also annual plants that can be harvested in one growing season. The observation method was used to identify and to inventory the diversity of flora at Villa Tani Indonesia, which is used as an edu-tourism attraction. Based on the research showed that there was a diversity of flora of 27 species consisting of 16 families, namely Vitaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Rutaceae, Myrtaceae, Solanaceae, Fabaceae, Oxalidaceae, Malvaceae, Poaceae, Sapotaceae, Caricaceae, Rosaceae, Convolvulaceae, Amaranthaceae, Brassicaceae, and Gnetaceae. The highest number of individu was found in Zea mays, Ipomoea reptans, Ipomoea aquatic, Amaranthus tricolor, and Brasicca rapa

Induksi kalus eksplan daun Anggrek Pensil (Papillionanthe hookeriana Rchb.f.) pada Kombinasi Zat Pengatur Tumbuh 2,4-D dan BAP

The formation of callus is one of the indications of success in propagation through tissue culture. A crucial factor in callus induction is the accuracy in determining the type and concentration of auxin and cytokinin growth regulators in the culture media. This research aims to obtain the appropriate concentration of auxin (2,4-D) and cytokinin (BAP) growth regulators that can induce the formation of embryonic callus propagules from pencil orchid plants using tissue culture propagation techniques. The treatments tested in this study were the application of several concentrations of auxin (2,4-D) at 0.5; 1.0; 1.5, and 2.0 ppm combined with cytokinin (BAP) at concentrations of 0.0 and 0.5 ppm. The experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 15 explants for each treatment. The parameters observed were the response time of the explant (swelling), the percentage of explants swelling, the appearance of callus, the percentage of explants forming callus, callus structure, and callus color. The results showed that the pencil orchid leaf explants responded by swelling and forming callus. Swelling occurred fastest two weeks after culturing. The highest percentage of swelling and callus formation was obtained from the treatment of MS media supplemented with a combination of 2,4-D 2.0 ppm + 0.5 ppm cytokinin BAP, with 100% of the explants swelling and 26,67% forming callus. The formed callus was friable in structure and white in color.Terbentuknya kalus merupakan salah satu indikasi keberhasilan dalam perbanyakan secara kultur jaringan. Faktor yang sangat menentukan dalam induksi kalus tersebut adalah ketepatan dalam menetukan jenis dan konsentrasi zat pengatur tumbuh auksin dan sitokinin dalam mendia kultur. Penelitian in bertujuan untuk mendapatkan konsentrasi zat pengatur tumbuh auksin (2,4-D) dan sitokinin (BAP) yang dapat  menginduksi pembentukan propagule berupa kalus embrionik dari tanaman anggrek pensil dengan menggunakan teknik perbanyakan secara kultur jaringan. Perlakuan yang diuji pada penelitian ini adalah aplikasi beberapa konsentrasi  zat pengatur tumbuh auksin (2,4-D) yaitu 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 dan 2,0 ppm yang dikombinasikan dengan zat pengatur tumbuh sitokinin (BAP) dengan konsentrasi 0,0 dan 0,5 ppm. Percobaan disusun dalam pola Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 15 eksplan setiap perlakuan. Parameter yang diamati adalah waktu eksplan berespon (membengkak), persentase eksplan membengkak, saat muncul kalus, persentase eksplan membentuk kalus, struktur kalus dan warna kalus. Hasil percobaan diperoleh bahwa eksplan daun anggrek pensil mengalami respon pembengkakan dan membentuk kalus. Pembengkakan terjadi paling cepat dua minggu setelah kultur. Persentase eksplan membengkak dan berkalus paling banyak  diperoleh dari perlakuan media MS yang ditambah dengan kombinasi zat pengatur tumbuh auksin 2,4-D 2,0 ppm + 0,5 ppm sitokinin BAP, yaitu eksplan yang membengkak sebanyak 100% dan eksplan berkalus 26,67%. Kalus yang terbentuk berstruktur remah, berwarna putih

Dominansi Dragonfly Dominance (Order: Odonata) in the Danau Tangkas Natural Tourism Area, Tanjung Lanjut Village, Muaro Jambi Regency

Dragonflies (Odonata) belong to the phylum Arthropoda class Insecta. Dragonflies are spread in various types of habitats, one of which is in the water area, namely Lake. Danau Tangkas is one of the natural tourism areas in Jambi province. Danau Tangkas is a conducive habitat for dragonfly breeding because the habitat conditions around Danau Tangkas are still beautiful with preserved vegetation. However, the Danau Tangkas area is a tourist area, so it has the potential to experience changes that can have an impact on the dragonfly dominance index. The study aims to analyze the dominance of dragonflies found in the Danau Tangkas natural tourism area. The type of research is exploratory descriptive research. Sampling was done using purposive sampling method. Sampling was carried out at 3 location points that have different characteristics. Made 3 stations with a length of 100 m each to the side and 100 m to the front so as to form a square line. Sample collection is done by hand collecting and using insect nets. Data analysis techniques using Simpson's dominance index calculation. The results of research that has been carried out in the Danau Tangkas  natural tourism area, obtained as many as 447 individuals, 9 species belonging to 3 families. So it is known that the dragonfly dominance index in the Tangkas Lake natural tourism area is low with a value of 0.4.Dragonflies (Odonata) belong to the phylum Arthropoda class Insecta. Dragonflies are spread in various types of habitats, one of which is in the water area, namely Lake. Danau Tangkas is one of the natural tourism areas in Jambi province. Danau Tangkas is a conducive habitat for dragonfly breeding because the habitat conditions around Danau Tangkas are still beautiful with preserved vegetation. However, the Danau Tangkas area is a tourist area, so it has the potential to experience changes that can have an impact on the dragonfly dominance index. The study aims to analyze the dominance of dragonflies found in the Danau Tangkas natural tourism area. The type of research is exploratory descriptive research. Sampling was done using purposive sampling method. Sampling was carried out at 3 location points that have different characteristics. Made 3 stations with a length of 100 m each to the side and 100 m to the front so as to form a square line. Sample collection is done by hand collecting and using insect nets. Data analysis techniques using Simpson's dominance index calculation. The results of research that has been carried out in the Danau Tangkas  natural tourism area, obtained as many as 447 individuals, 9 species belonging to 3 families. So it is known that the dragonfly dominance index in the Tangkas Lake natural tourism area is low with a value of 0.4

Ichthyofauna Diversity in Danau Teluk: Analysis Using Gill Nets and Lift Nets

This study aims to explore and document the ichthyofauna diversity in the waters of Teluk Lake, Jambi City, using gill nets and lift nets. Sampling was conducted at three research stations from April to June 2024. Environmental physical and chemical factors such as temperature, pH, and water clarity were measured to understand their impact on the fish community. The results showed that the water temperature at stations I and II was 29°C, while at station III, it was 28°C. The pH values ranged from 6.41 to 6.95, and water clarity ranged from 7 to 21 cm. A total of 218 individual fish from 17 species and 8 families were found, with the Cyprinidae family being the dominant group. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') ranged from 0.94 to 2.01, indicating moderate to high diversity. The evenness index (E) ranged from 0.58 to 0.91, indicating relatively even distribution of individuals. The dominance index (C) ranged from 0.14 to 0.53, indicating no species significantly dominated the community.This study aims to explore and document the ichthyofauna diversity in the waters of Teluk Lake, Jambi City, using gill nets and lift nets. Sampling was conducted at three research stations from April to June 2024. Environmental physical and chemical factors such as temperature, pH, and water clarity were measured to understand their impact on the fish community. The results showed that the water temperature at stations I and II was 29°C, while at station III, it was 28°C. The pH values ranged from 6.41 to 6.95, and water clarity ranged from 7 to 21 cm. A total of 218 individual fish from 17 species and 8 families were found, with the Cyprinidae family being the dominant group. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') ranged from 0.94 to 2.01, indicating moderate to high diversity. The evenness index (E) ranged from 0.58 to 0.91, indicating relatively even distribution of individuals. The dominance index (C) ranged from 0.14 to 0.53, indicating no species significantly dominated the community

Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) of 96% Ethanol Extract of Ande-ande Lumut (Selaginella doederleineii) Leaves

Selaginella doederleineii is a fern plant that is efficacious for treating coughs, pneumonia and broken bones. Leaves are the primary medicinal parts. However, there has been no research regarding the toxicity of Selaginella doederleineii leaves. This study aims to evaluate potential toxicity of 96% ethanol extract of Selaginella doederleineii leaves against shrimp larvae (Artemia salina Leach) using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. The toxicity value is shown by the LC50 value. This research method includes the extraction stage, larvae hatching stage, stock solutions and concentration dilutions of the extract preparation, toxicity test and LC50 value calculation. The toxicity test using 10 Artemia salina shrimp larvae were exposed to each test concentration (0 ppm, 1 ppm, 2 ppm, 3 ppm, 4 ppm, 5 ppm) in triplicate. Larval mortality was assessed after 24 hours to calculate mortality percentage and LC50. The results showed that the LC50 value for the 96% ethanol extract of Selaginella doederleineii was 12.0221 ppm, indicating very toxic. It can be concluded that Selaginella doederleineii leaves exhibits significat toxicity to brine shrimp and potential to be developed as a raw material for anti-cancer drugs. Selaginella doederleineii is a fern plant that is efficacious for treating coughs, pneumonia and broken bones. Leaves are the primary medicinal parts. However, there has been no research regarding the toxicity of Selaginella doederleineii leaves. This study aims to evaluate potential toxicity of 96% ethanol extract of Selaginella doederleineii leaves against shrimp larvae (Artemia salina Leach) using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. The toxicity value is shown by the LC50 value. This research method includes the extraction stage, larvae hatching stage, stock solutions and concentration dilutions of the extract preparation, toxicity test and LC50 value calculation. The toxicity test using 10 Artemia salina shrimp larvae were exposed to each test concentration (0 ppm, 1 ppm, 2 ppm, 3 ppm, 4 ppm, 5 ppm) in triplicate. Larval mortality was assessed after 24 hours to calculate mortality percentage and LC50. The results showed that the LC50 value for the 96% ethanol extract of Selaginella doederleineii was 12.0221 ppm, indicating very toxic. It can be concluded that Selaginella doederleineii leaves exhibits significat toxicity to brine shrimp and potential to be developed as a raw material for anti-cancer drugs.

Avifauna Condition in the K.G.P.A.A Mangkunagoro I Karanganyar Forest Park Utility Block Area

 The existence of Avifauna in Tahura KGPAA Mangkunagoro's I good habitat conditions supports me. Geographically Tahura is located in Karanganyar, Central Java. This study aims to determine the existence of avifauna in the last 2 years in terms of diversity as supporting information in the development of ecotourism. This research was conducted in August 2023 by comparing data in 2021, using line transect and point count methods. The results showed that the species in Tahura Mangkunagoro I were in the LC (Least Concern) category. the species diversity index (H') was classified as medium (H'=2.744 - 3.106), the evenness index (E) was high (E = 0.842 - 0.888), and the species richness index (R) was high (R = 5.689 - 6.979). Avifauna in Tahura KGPAA Mangkunegoro I is thus important information in supporting the governance and management of the area, especially in the development of ecotourism. The existence of Avifauna in Tahura KGPAA Mangkunagoro's I good habitat conditions supports me. Geographically Tahura is located in Karanganyar, Central Java. This study aims to determine the existence of avifauna in the last 2 years in terms of diversity as supporting information in the development of ecotourism. This research was conducted in August 2023 by comparing data in 2021, using line transect and point count methods. The results showed that the species in Tahura Mangkunagoro I were in the LC (Least Concern) category. the species diversity index (H') was classified as medium (H'=2.744 - 3.106), the evenness index (E) was high (E = 0.842 - 0.888), and the species richness index (R) was high (R = 5.689 - 6.979). Avifauna in Tahura KGPAA Mangkunegoro I is thus important information in supporting the governance and management of the area, especially in the development of ecotourism

Identifikasi Jenis Lepidoptera di Kecamatan Koto Tujuh, Kabupaten Sijunjung, Sumatera Barat

Butterflies were part of the Lepidoptera has an important role as a bioindicator of environmental change. This study aims to identify the types of Lepidoptera found in Kec. Koto Tujuh, Kab. Sijunjung, West Sumatra. We used the survey method with a purposive sampling technique divided into three zones: residential, forest edges, rice fields and plantation. We found 23 species of Lepidoptera belonging to five families, namely Nymphalidae (11 species), Lycaenidae (1 species), Papilionidae (4 species), Hesperiidae (2 species), and Pieridae (5 species), with the total number 59 individuals.Kupu-kupu merupakan bagian dari ordo Lepidoptera yang memiliki peranan penting sebagai bioindikator perubahan lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis Lepidoptera yang terdapat di Kec. Koto Tujuh, Kab. Sijunjung, Sumatera Barat. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survei dengan teknik purposive sampling, dimana titik pengambilan sampel dibagi menjadi tiga zonasi yaitu zona pemukiman warga, tepi hutan serta sawah dan ladang. Hasil identifikasi jenis kupu-kupu didapatkan 23 spesies Lepidoptera yang tergolong pada lima famili yaitu famili Nymphalidae (11 spesies), Lycaenidae (1 spesies), Papilionidae (4 spesies), Hesperiidae (2 spesies), dan Pieridae (5 Spesies), dengan jumlah total 59 individu