Effect of duration of exposure on health complaints, systemic inflammatory responses, immunological markers, and pulmonary function tests among workers working at the vegetable market

BACKGROUND: The vegetable markets are a rich source of organic dust and bioaerosol exposure. The effect of duration of exposure on health complaints, systemic inflammatory responses (SIR), immunological markers, and pulmonary function tests (PFT) among loading and unloading workers at the vegetable market was not explored. OBJECTIVE: The current study was undertaken to assess the effect of duration of exposure on health complaints, SIR, immunological markers, and PFT among workers working at the vegetable market. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study design is descriptive, 45 male participants with no smoking habit and having more than 3 years of experience were enrolled in the study. The study participants were categorized into low (n = 23) and high (n = 22) exposure groups based on the median duration of exposure, which is the multiplication of years of exposure and working hours per day. The demographic details, health complaints, SIR, immunological, and PFT parameters were investigated and compared between low and high exposure groups. RESULTS: Workers with a prolonged duration of exposure have reported a considerable increase in musculoskeletal disorders, eye irritation, and skin allergies. SIR such as serum albumin, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, lymphocytes, white blood cell count, and immunological markers (immunoglobulin E and immunoglobulin A) were considerably increased, and PFT were significantly decreased in the high exposure group as compared to the low-exposure group. CONCLUSIONS: Contemporary study revealed that high duration of exposure contributes to augmented health complaints, SIR, immunological markers, and reduced competence of PFT among loading and unloading workers at vegetable markets. Therefore, this study suggests workplace hygiene practices with the use of personal protective equipment might lower the health effects and inflammation markers

A Pd-catalyzed direct entry to 11-substituted 6H-isoindolo[2,1-a]indol-6-one derivatives as potential anticancer agents

We describe Pd-mediated one-step synthesis of 11-substituted 6H-isoindolo[2,1-a]indol-6-ones via a sequential intramolecular Heck reaction of the corresponding dihalo N-allyl substituted N-arylbenzamide derivatives. Several of these compounds showed promising antiproliferative properties when tested against a number of cancer cell lines in vitro

C-N bond formation under Cu-catalysis: synthesis and in vitro evaluation of N-aryl substituted thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones against chorismate mutase

A series of novel N-aryl substituted thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones were designed and synthesized as potential inhibitors of chorismate mutase. Synthesis of this class of compounds was carried out by using Cu-mediated C-N bond forming reaction between thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones and aryl boronic acids. The reaction can be performed in an open flask as the conversion was found to be not sensitive to the presence of air or atmospheric moisture. A range of compounds were prepared by using this method and single crystal X-ray diffraction study was performed using a representative compound. In vitro pharmacological data of some of the compounds synthesized along with dose response studies using active molecules are presented. In silico interactions of these molecules with chorismate mutase are also presented

Facile assembly of two 6-membered fused N-heterocyclic rings: a rapid access to novel small molecules via Cu-mediated reaction

A rapid, versatile and one-pot Cu-mediated domino reaction has been developed for facile assembly of two six membered fused N-heterocyclic rings leading to novel small molecules as potential inhibitors of PDE4

Novel thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines: Their design, synthesis, crystal structure analysis and pharmacological evaluation

Novel thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines containing a cyclohexane ring fused with a six- or five-membered heterocyclic moiety along with a benzylic nitrile were designed as potential inhibitors of PDE4. Expeditious synthesis of these compounds was carried out via a multi-step sequence consisting of a few key steps such as Gewald reaction, Dieckmann type cyclisation and Krapcho decarboxylation. This newly developed strategy involved construction of the thienopyrimidine ring followed by the cyclohexanone moiety and subsequently the fused heterocyclic ring. A number of thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine based derivatives were synthesized using this method some of which showed promising PDE4B inhibitory properties. One of them was tested for PDE4D inhibition in vitro and dose dependent inhibition of TNF-α. A few selected molecules were docked into the PE4B protein the results of which showed good overall correlations to their observed PDE4B inhibitory properties in vitro. The crystal structure analysis of representative compounds along with hydrogen bonding patterns and molecular arrangement present within the molecule is described