BUCA'DA (İZMİR) TARİHİ VE KÜLTÜREL MİRASA YÖNELİK ORTAÖĞRETİM ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN TUTUM VE DAVRANIŞLARI

The purpose of this research is, to find out the attitude and behaviour of high school students towards the historical and cultural heritage in Buca. For this purpose, a scale composed of 24 questions and 5 factors, was formed. The total variance of factors was 53,165 % and Cronbach Alpha value was calculated as 0,812. The improved survey was applied to 435 high school students educated at the schools located in the centre of Buca town borders. As the result of the application, ıt is established that the attitude and behaviour of students concerning the historical and cultural heritage is negative % 12, positive % 17 and medium % 71. The attitude and behaviour were investigated, according to their schools, ages, grades and occupations which were to be chosen by students and ıt was concluded that the scores for attitude and behavior are above average. Although the manner and behaviour of students, intended for the historical and cultural heritage are at the expected level, it was determined that they can' t overreach their interest and preference. Bu çalışmanın amacı Buca'da tarihi ve kültürel mirasa yönelik ortaöğretim öğrencilerinin tutum ve davranışlarının ortaya çıkartılmasıdır. Bu amaçla 24 önermeli 5 faktörden oluşan bir ölçek geliştirilmiştir. Faktörlerin toplam varyansının %53,165, Cronbach Alpha değeri=0,812 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Geliştirilmiş olan anket Buca merkez ilçe sınırları içerisinde yer alan okullarda öğrenim gören 435 ortaöğretim öğrencisine uygulanmıştır. Uygulama sonucunda öğrencilerin tarihsel ve kültürel yapılara ilişkin tutum ve davranışlarının %12 olumsuz, %17 olumlu ve %71 ise orta düzeyde olduğu tespit edildi. Tutum ve davranışlar okul, cinsiyet, yaş, sınıf ve seçilecek meslek grubuna göre incelenmiş ve tutum ve davranış puanlarının ortalamanın üzerinde olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Öğrencilerin tarihi ve kültürel mirasa yönelik tutum ve davranışları beklenen düzeyde olmakla birlikte ilgi ve beğeninin ötesine geçemediği tespit edilmiştir

Acute effects of remote ischemic preconditioning on cutaneous microcirculation - a controlled prospective cohort study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Therapeutic strategies aiming to reduce ischemia/reperfusion injury by conditioning tissue tolerance against ischemia appear attractive not only from a scientific perspective, but also in clinics. Although previous studies indicate that remote ischemic intermittent preconditioning (RIPC) is a systemic phenomenon, only a few studies have focused on the elucidation of its mechanisms of action especially in the clinical setting. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the acute microcirculatory effects of remote ischemic preconditioning on a distinct cutaneous location at the lower extremity which is typically used as a harvesting site for free flap reconstructive surgery in a human in-vivo setting.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Microcirculatory data of 27 healthy subjects (25 males, age 24 ± 4 years, BMI 23.3) were evaluated continuously at the anterolateral aspect of the left thigh during RIPC using combined Laser-Doppler and photospectrometry (Oxygen-to-see, Lea Medizintechnik, Germany). After baseline microcirculatory measurement, remote ischemia was induced using a tourniquet on the contralateral upper arm for three cycles of 5 min.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>After RIPC, tissue oxygen saturation and capillary blood flow increased up to 29% and 35% during the third reperfusion phase versus baseline measurement, respectively (both p = 0.001). Postcapillary venous filling pressure decreased statistically significant by 16% during second reperfusion phase (p = 0.028).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Remote intermittent ischemic preconditioning affects cutaneous tissue oxygen saturation, arterial capillary blood flow and postcapillary venous filling pressure at a remote cutaneous location of the lower extremity. To what extent remote preconditioning might ameliorate reperfusion injury in soft tissue trauma or free flap transplantation further clinical trials have to evaluate.</p> <p>Trial registration</p> <p>ClinicalTrials.gov: <a href="http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01235286">NCT01235286</a></p

The changes in the socio-cultural and economic properties of the city after the closure of Keçiborlu Sulphur Enterprise

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Keçiborlu Kükürt Fabrikası'nın kapatılmasından sonra kentte yaşanan sosyal, kültürel ve ekonomik değişimleri saptamaktır. Keçiborlu ilçe merkezinde yer alan maden ocakları ve sözü edilen fabrikanın faaliyeti sırasında, kent yoğun işçi göçü aldığından kalabalık bir nüfusa ve güçlü bir ekonomiye sahipti. Bunun yanısıra kentte sosyal yaşam da oldukça hareketliydi. Ancak bu süreçte sürdürülebilir yerel kalkınmanın temel ilkelerinden alternatif geçim kaynaklarının geliştirilmesi ihmal edilmiş ve sadece madene bağlı bir ekonomik yapı gelişmişti. Kükürt Fabrikası'nın kapatılmasıyla, tesisin maden işçileri ile teknik ve idari elemanları başka kentlere tayin edildi. Özellikle maden işçileri ve ailelerinin ayrılması nedeniyle kent nüfusunda oldukça hızlı bir düşüş yaşandı. Sonuçta kentte emekli nüfusu önemli ölçüde arttı. Kapatılan tesisin yerine başkası açılamadığından ve kentin tek istihdam kaynağı maden işletmesi olduğundan, kentte işsizlik sorunu büyüdü; insanlar daha iyi iş imkanları bulabilecekleri başka merkezlere göç etmeye başladılar. Dolayısıyla kentin yüksek olan sosyal ve ekonomik seviyesi, geçmişe oranla gerilemeye başladı. Bu çalışmada, fabrika dönemindeki kentin sosyo-ekonomik ve kültürel çehresi ile bugünkü çehresi arasında oluşan farklılıkları saptamak amacıyla tarama yöntemi ve anket tekniği kullanıldı. Elde edilen bulgular ışığında kentin bundan sonraki kalkınmasını sağlamak amacıyla önerilerde bulunuldu. The purpose of this research is to determine the social, cultural and economic changes happened in Keçiborlu town after the closure of Keçiborlu Sulphur Enterprise. The social and economic level of the city was high when the factory situated in the center of Keçiborlu were in service. Social life was vibrant and town had a dense population because of the labor migration to it. But the development of alternative livelihoods which is one of the basic principles of sustainable development have been neglected and only an economic structure dependent on the mine had developed. The mine workers, technical and administrative staff of the plant were appointed to other cities, due to the closure of the mining plant. Therefore there was a rapid decline in the population of the city. The majority of the employees were retired as well. Finally, the retired population was increased. Other than this facility any business area can not be opened instead of the closed, and mine was the only source of employment in the city. Therefore unemployment problem in the city has grown; local people began to migrate to other centers to find better jobs, the level of welfare of the people has been decreased. To determine the differences between the socio-economic and cultural face of the city during the period of mining and today's, survey techniques were used. To ensure the development of the city, suggestions were given according to the findings

Evaluating the effect of desflurane on right ventricular pressure in rats with pulmonary hypertension

Amaç: Pulmoner Hipertansiyon, pulmoner arter basınçlarında kronik artışa neden olan pek çok durumun yol açtığı hemodinamik bir tablodur. Bu çalışmada, pulmoner hipertansiyon oluşturulmuş erişkin ratlarda desfluranın sağ ventrikül basıncı üzerine etkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Onsekiz adet erişkin erkek Wistar-Albino tipi rat 3 gruba ayrıldı. Hipoksi Grubu; % 10 oksijen ve % 90 azottan oluşan gaz karışımı 14 gün boyunca uygulandı. MCT Grubu; monokrotalin 60 mg/kg intraperitoneal (i.p) olarak enjekte edildi. Kontrol Grubu; standart laboratuvar şartlarında oda havasını soludular. Ratlar 28. günde kanülasyon ve trakeostomi sonrası yapay solutuldu (pik basınç: 10±2 cmH2O, SS: 70±4/dk, FiO2: 1,0). Sol a.carotis internadan kanülasyon ve sağ v.jugularis eksternadan sağ ventrikül kateterizasyonu yapıldı. Bazal ölçümleri alındıktan sonra deneklere % 100 oksijen içinde % 5,7 konsantrasyonda desfluran uygulandı. Deneklerin, kalp atım hızı, sistolik (SAB), diyastolik (DAB), ortalama arter basıncı (OAB), pik basıncı, sağ ventrikül basıncı ölçümleri bazal, desfluran uygulamasının 5. ve 30. dk yapıldı ve değerleri ort.±SH olarak verildi.Bulgular: Bazal sağ ventrikül ortalama basıncı değerleri; Kontrol Grubu ile MCT Grubu ve Hipoksi Grubu karşılaştırıldığında; MCT Grubu ve Hipoksi Grubu'nda bazal sağ ventrikül ortalama basıncı değerleri anlamlı yüksek saptandı (sırasıyla p=0,002; p=0,002). Desfluran 5. dk sağ ventrikül ortalama basıncı değerleri açısından Kontrol Grubu ile MCT Grubu ve Hipoksi Grubu karşılaştırıldığında; MCT Grubu ve Hipoksi Grubu'nda desfluran 5. dk sağ ventrikül ortalama basıncı değerleri anlamlı yüksek saptandı (sırasıyla p=0,002; p=0,002). Desfluran 30. dk sağ ventrikül ortalama basıncı değerleri açısından Kontrol Grubu ile MCT Grubu ve Hipoksi Grubu karşılaştırıldığında; MCT Grubu ve Hipoksi Grubu'nda desfluran 30.dk sağ ventrikül ortalama basıncı değerleri anlamlı yüksek saptandı (sırasıyla p=0,002; p=0,002). Kontrol Grubu, MCT Grubu ve Hipoksi Grubu sağ ventrikül ortalama basıncı değerleri grup içi karşılaştırmalarda bazal değerler, desfluran 5. dk ve desfluran 30. dk değerleri arasında anlamlı fark bulunamadı.Sonuç: Pulmoner hipertansiyon oluşturulmuş ratlarda % 5,7 (1 MAK) konsantrasyonda desfluran uygulanmasının sağ ventrikül basıncı üzerine etkisinin olmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu konuyla ilgili daha ileri çalışmalara gereksinim vardır. Aim of the study: Pulmonary hypertension is a hemodynamic situation caused by many conditions those chronically increasing the pulmonary artery pressures. In this study we aimed to investigate the effect of desflurane on right ventricular pressure in adult rats with pulmonary hypertension.Material and Methods: Eighteen adult male Wistar-Albino rats were divided into 3 groups. Hypoxia Group: gas mixture of 10% oxygen and 90% nitrogen was administered for 14 days. MCT Group: 60mg/kg monocrotalin was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.). Control Group: breathed the ambient air in standart laboratory conditions. On the 28th day rats were mechanically ventilated after performing cannulation and tracheostomy (peak pressure: 10±2 cmH2O, RR: 70±4/min, FiO2: 1,0). Left a.carotis interna was cannulated and right ventricular catheterization was performed through right v.jugularis externa. After basal measurements subjects ventilated with 5,7% desflurane in 100% oxygen. Heart rate, systolic arterial pressure, diastolic arterial pressure, mean arterial pressure, peak pressure, right ventricular pressure were measured basally and at 5th and 30th minute of desflurane and reported as mean±SD.Results: When Group Control was compared with Group MCT and Group Hypoxia, basal mean right ventricular pressure was significantly higher in study groups (p=0,002 and p=0,002 respectively). Mean right ventricular pressure values at 5th minute of desflurane were significantly higher in MCT and Hypoxia Groups when compared with Group Control (p=0,002 and p=0,002 respectively). Mean right ventricular pressure values 30th minute of desflurane were significantly higher in MCT and Hypoxia Groups when compared with Group Control (p=0,002 and p=0,002 respectively). Intra-group comparements of right ventricular mean pressures in Control, MCT and Hypoxia Groups didn't show significant difference for basal, 5th and 30th minute desflurane values.Conclusion: It was suggested that desflurane of 5,7% (1 MAC) concentration in rats with pulmonary hypertension do not have an effect on righ

The changes in the socio-cultural and economic characteristics of mining cities due to termination of mineral extraction in Turkey: A case study of Keciborlu

The purpose of this research is, to determine the socio-cultural and economic changes happened in Keciborlu, after the closure of its Sulphur Enterprise. The Enterprise was active between 1934 and 1994; the welfare of the city was high. After closure of it, unemployment problem has grown and people begun to migrate. Household and trades surveys show the socio-economic and cultural differences between mining period and today's. It is revealed that Keciborlu has transformed into a settlement of retired people and if it is left untreated, it will turn into an decrescent town because of immigrations. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd

hemodialysis: A possible link with hypertriglyceridemia?

Background. Patients with end-stage renal failure have high rates of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It is not clear yet whether it is the hemodialysis procedure or the uremia itself that is the major determinant of this increased risk. We set out to determine whether atherosclerosis was more accelerated inpatients with uremia at the initiation of chronic hemodialysis therapy compared with that in a control group of those without uremia who had a similar cardiovascular risk profile. Also, risk factors related to premature atherosclerosis were investigated.Patients and Methods. High-resolution B-mode ultrasonography was used to determine the intima-media thickness (IMT) of the carotid arteries in 30 patients with uremia just before the initiation of chronic hemodialysis therapy and in 26 controls without uremia.Results. The 2 groups were similar in age, sex, presence of hypertension, presence of dyslipidemia, and smoking habits. Serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, total HDL, fibrinogen, inorganic phosphorus, and total calcium were evaluated. The IMT values of the patients with uremia were significantly higher than were those of the control group. The patients with uremia had higher levels of serum fibrinogen, inorganic phosphorus, and triglycerides. The IMT values significantly correlated with age, male sex, and triglyceride level in the patients with uremia. In the control group, only age showed a significant correlation with IMT values.Conclusion. These results indicate that patients with uremia at the initiation of chronic hemodialysis therapy had higher carotid IMT values than did a control group of those without uremia who have a similar cardiovascular risk profile. Thus, uremic status per se may be responsible for the increased risk of premature atherosclerosis. Identification of a positive correlation between carotid IMT and triglyceride levels may indicate that therapeutic interventions are necessary to reduce this risk