Mediatic Handology?

A chirocentric model of thinking, an alternative to the notorious oculocentric line which is widely questioned today, appeared in philosophy from the very beginning. The idea of the hand as our major instrument of thinking comes from Anaxagoras and reaches Heidegger and Merleau-Ponty, who reconfigured the philosophical agenda around this organ’s qualities. The theme of image making is crucial in this trend of thought, while artists from all ages and cultures have always expressed their sheer fascination for the motif of the hand as the conditioning agent of their creative activity. In the twentieth century, Walter Benjamin set up a philosophy of visual media which did not rely upon the optic qualities of the moving images, but on their haptic ones. The hand, after all, took central stage in the imaginary throughout the previous century: hands in X-rays, palms in modern chiromancy, fingers in the newly born chirognomonie, imprints in art, disembodied hands featuring autonomous characters in cinema. Together with these images, another idea of the thinking hand emerged, not only connected with the sense of touch or with craftmanship, but also with expressive gestures, conveying affect, desire as well as imaginative power. Do we need a handology to survey the many lives of the hand in our culture and fully understand the digital turn within the so-called deep time of the media

Regards de Sergueï Eisenstein sur l'oeuvre d'Honoré Daumier : une réception méconnue

Cette thèse a été effectuée en cotutelle entre l'Université Paris-Ouest-Nanterre-La Défense et l'Université de Montréal. Elle a été réalisée avec le logiciel LateX.Cette thèse se donne pour ambition d'éclairer un aspect méconnu de l'oeuvre et de la pensée de Sergueï Eisenstein, en se concentrant sur la relation privilégiée qu'il entretient durant toute sa vie avec l'art de Daumier. Tout en traversant l'oeuvre graphique, théâtrale, cinématographique et théorique d'Eisenstein, cette recherche entend également révéler Daumier sous un nouveau jour, en faisant découvrir la réception dont il jouit en Russie et en U.R.S.S. Il s'agira par la même occasion d'exposer et d'interroger le regard stimulant et original qu'Eisenstein porte sur l'art de Daumier. Ce parcours se voudra nécessairement transdisciplinaire.The aim of this PhD thesis is to cast a new light on Eisenstein's work and thought, by focusing on his privileged relationship with Daumier's art. As we will come across Eisenstein's graphic, theatrical, cinematographical and theoretical work, we will unveil Daumier's still unknown reception in Russia and in U.S.S.R. By the same token, we will expose and discuss Eisenstein's challenging and modern vision of Daumier. The methodology chosen here is necessarily transciplinar

La réception de Daumier en Russie (1830-1917)

Cette étude entend explorer un pan méconnu de l’histoire de la réception internationale d’Honoré Daumier, à savoir sa fortune critique en Russie. Daumier est en effet très apprécié des Russes, de son vivant même. Comme on le montrera pour la période s’étendant de 1830 à 1917, l’artiste apparaît tout d’abord comme un modèle à suivre dans l’établissement d’une satire graphique nationale, alors que les Russes cherchent à s’approprier le genre des Physiologies. De même, l’éclosion de certaines revues satiriques russes comme Éralach doivent beaucoup aux publications caricaturales françaises qui mettent Daumier à l’honneur. Ce dernier est enfin fortement apprécié dans la Russie prérévolutionnaire pour ses peintures, comme le révèlent les écrits qui lui sont consacrés par le critique d’art Alexandre Benois.This study sets out to explore an obscure aspect of Honoré Daumier’s international reputation, namely the successful critical reception of his work in Russia, where he was very popular even in his lifetime. We show that from 1830 to 1917 the Russians are exploring the style of his Physiologies to try and make it their own, and that at this time Daumier is seen as a role model for developing Russian graphical satire. Moreover, some newly created Russian satirical publications such as Éralach owe much to French caricature magazines where Daumier was prominently featured. Finally, his paintings were widely popular in pre-revolutionary Russia, as evidence by their place in the writings of art critic Alexandre Benois

Epithelioma of Malherbe: new ultrasound patterns

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Backround</p> <p>Calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe, or Pilomatricoma, is considered an uncommon cutaneous neoplasia, normally occurring in children as a solitary, firm, asymptomatic, hard, subcutaneous, slowly growing nodule on the face, neck, or proximal upper extremity. In literature, two Pilomatricoma ultrasound patterns are described: the totally calcified nodule and the hypoechoic nodule with internal calcific foci. High frequency ultrasound has not yet been applied for routine diagnosis of Pilomatricoma. The aim of the study was to retrospectively identify specific ultrasound features.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We retrieved 124 histologically Pilomatricoma cases: 28 patients with 32 lesions were preoperatively evaluated with ultrasound.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>22/32 have shown a solid formation, hypoechoic, with a sharp outline. Of these 22, 10 lesions were completely calcifying and 12 partially calcified. In 3/32 lesions with uncertain diagnosis, ultrasounds showed a complex/mixed pattern with pseudo-fluid areas and microspots. 7/32 lesions with US different diagnosis included 3 complex lesions, 2 cystic lesions and 2 solid nodular lesions.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In addition to well-known ultrasound patterns (completely calcified and partially calcified) we identified three new, not yet described, patterns that constitute the 31% of the cases: complex, pseudocistyc and pseudotumoral.</p

Canagliflozin, dapagliflozin and empagliflozin monotherapy for treating type 2 diabetes: systematic review and economic evaluation

Background: Most people with type 2 diabetes are overweight, so initial treatment is aimed at reducing weight and increasing physical activity. Even modest weight loss can improve control of blood glucose. If drug treatment is necessary, the drug of first choice is metformin. However, some people cannot tolerate metformin, which causes diarrhoea in about 10%, and it cannot be used in people with renal impairment. This review appraises three of the newest class of drugs for monotherapy when metformin cannot be used, the sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. Objective: To review the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of dapagliflozin (Farxiga, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Luton, UK), canagliflozin (Invokana, Janssen, High Wycombe, UK) and empagliflozin (Jardiance, Merck & Co., Darmstadt, Germany), in monotherapy in people who cannot take metformin. Sources: MEDLINE (1946 to February 2015) and EMBASE (1974 to February 2015) for randomised controlled trials lasting 24 weeks or more. For adverse events, a wider range of studies was used. Three manufacturers provided submissions. Methods: Systematic review and economic evaluation. A network meta-analysis was carried out involving the three SGLT2 inhibitors and key comparators. Critical appraisal of submissions from three manufacturers. Results: We included three trials of dapagliflozin and two each for canagliflozin and empagliflozin. The trials were of good quality. The canagliflozin and dapagliflozin trials compared them with placebo, but the two empagliflozin trials included active comparators. All three drugs were shown to be effective in improving glycaemic control, promoting weight loss and lowering blood pressure (BP). Limitations: There were no head-to-head trials of the different flozins, and no long-term data on cardiovascular outcomes in this group of patients. Most trials were against placebo. The trials were done in patient groups that were not always comparable, for example in baseline glycated haemoglobin or body mass index. Data on elderly patients were lacking. Conclusions: Dapagliflozin, canagliflozin and empagliflozin are effective in improving glycaemic control, with added benefits of some reductions in BP and weight. Adverse effects are urinary and genital tract infections in a small proportion of users. In monotherapy, the three drugs do not appear cost-effective compared with gliclazide or pioglitazone, but may be competitive against sitagliptin (Januvia, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bracknell, UK). Funding: The National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme

Méthodes de montage

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Montage vertical: [nouvelle traduction]

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Le montage des attractions: [nouvelle traduction]

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Le montage des attractions: [nouvelle traduction]

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Fragments explosifs: [nouvelle traduction du texte d'Eisenstein]

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