73 research outputs found
Potential Benefits of Jujube ( Zizyphus Lotus
Zizyphus lotus, belonging to the Rhamnaceae family, is a deciduous shrub which generally grows in arid and semiarid regions of the globe. In traditional medicine, Z. lotus is used as antidiabetes, sedative, bronchitis, and antidiarrhea by local populations. Recently, several scientific reports for health benefit and nutritional potential of bioactive compounds from this jujube have been reported. This plant is rich in polyphenols, cyclopeptide alkaloids, dammarane saponins, vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. These identified compounds were supposed to be responsible for most of Z. lotus biologically relevant activities including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects. The aim of the present review was to give particular emphasis on the most recent findings on biological effects of the major groups of Zizyphus lotus components and their medical interest, notably for human nutrition, health benefit, and therapeutic impacts
Unmet need in family planning at the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital of Ghana
Background: Knowing the prevalence of unintended pregnancy, unmet need in family planning and the associated factors in cape coast, is important for ensuring that all women have access to the most effective methods of family planning in order to reduce the occurrence of unintended pregnancies. This study aims to determine the prevalence of unintended pregnancies, unmet need in family planning and the associated factors among women attending antenatal clinics at the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital, Republic of Ghana.Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study with descriptive and analytical components was carried out from 20th April 2015 to 20th June 2015 to simultaneously measure the prevalence of unmet need for family planning and related factors. All clients reporting for ANC at the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital during the study period were recruited into the study.Results: A total of 324 clients were recruited. The mean age was 29.98±5.86 years, 85.80% were married, 46.58% had tertiary education and 79.94% had a source of income. Up to 54.94% of the clients had not planned their index pregnancy. Among subjects who had not planned their index pregnancies, 74.71% had not used a family planning method. There is a significant association between age, educational level, the presence of a source of income, marital status and the occurrence of unplanned pregnancy.Conclusions: There were high prevalence of unplanned pregnancy and unmet need for family planning. There is a significant association between age, educational level, the presence of a source of income, marital status and the occurrence of unplanned pregnancy
Implication de la signalisation calcique et des MAP kinases dans la perception gustative lipidique
Dans ce travail, nous démontrons que STIM1, un senseur calcique activé par la déplétion du Ca2+ intracellulaire du réticulum endoplasmique, est indispensable pour la signalisation calcique et la préférence oro-sensorielle du gras. Nous observons que l'acide linoléique (LA), en activant les phospholipases A2 via CD36, produit de l acide arachidonique (AA) et de la lyso-phosphatidylcholine (lyso-PC). Cette activation déclenche un influx calcique dans les cellules CD36-positives, et induit la production du facteur CIF (Ca2+ Influx Factor). CIF, AA et lyso-PC exercent différentes actions sur l'ouverture des canaux SOC (Stored Operated Calcium Channel) constitués de protéines Orai et contrÎlés par STIM1. Par ailleurs, les souris au phénotype Stim1-/- perdent la préférence spontanée pour les lipides et la libération de la sérotonine à partir des cellules gustatives dans le milieu extracellulaire chez les animaux sauvages. Nous demontrons aussi que la signalisation calcique médiée via CD36 est doublement modulée lors de l obésité. L augmentation de la [Ca2+]i dans les cellules gustatives observée chez le Psammomys obesus, un modÚle d obésité nutritionelle, est fortement diminuée chez les souris rendues obÚses par un regime hyperlipidique. Nous avons constaté également que l interaction de LA avec le CD36 induit l activation des MAP Kinases de la voie MEK1/2/ERK1/2/Elk-1 qui est non seulement à l origine de l activation des aires cérébrales telles que le NTS, le noyau arqué, l hippocampe mais aussi indispensable pour la préférence spontanée pour les lipides alimentaires. Nos résultats suggÚrent pour la prémiÚre fois, que la voie ERK1/2 des MAPK et la signalisation calcique lipidique controlée par STIM1 sont impliquées dans la perception oro-gustative des lipidesIn this work, we demonstrate that stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), a sensor of Ca2+ depletion in the endoplasmic reticulum, mediates fatty acid induced Ca2+ signaling in the mouse tongue and fat preference. We showed that linoleic acid (LA) induced the production of arachidonic acid (AA) and lysophosphatidylcholine (Lyso-PC) by activating multiple phospholipase A2 isoforms via CD36. This activation triggered Ca2+ influx in lingual CD36-positive taste bud cells (TBCs) purified from mouse CVP. LA also induced the production of Ca2+ influx factor (CIF). STIM1 was found to regulate LA-induced CIF production and the opening of store-operated Ca2+ (SOC) channels. Furthermore, CD36-positive TBCs from Stim1 / mice failed to release serotonin, and Stim1 / mice lost the spontaneous preference for fat that was observed in wild-type animals. We also demonstrate that the calcium-mediated signaling via CD36 is doubly modulated in obesity. The increase in [Ca2+]i in taste bud cells observed in Psammomys obesus, a model of nutritional obesity is strongly reduced in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. We also found that the interaction of LA with CD36 induces activation of MAP Kinases MEK1/2/ERK1/2/Elk-1 pathway that is not only responsible for the activation of NTS, arcuate nucleus, and the hippocampus in the brain but also essential for the spontaneous preference for fat food. Our results suggest for the first time, that ERK1/2 MAPK pathway and lipid-induced calcium signaling controlled by STIM1 are involved in oro-gustatory perception of dietary lipidsDIJON-BU Doc.électronique (212319901) / SudocSudocFranceF
TĂ©tanos du post-partum sur dĂ©chirure vaginale Ă propos dâun cas Ă lâHĂŽpital National de Zinder, Niger
We report an exceptional case of postpartum tetanus occurring in an unvaccinated primipara having given birth in a health center. Six days after childbirth, she had a trismus associated with generalized muscle contractions suggestive of tetanus. Obstructed labor was complicated by a vulvar tear repaired with wires under septic conditions. Functional sequelae, such as dysarthria, quadriesteria, and a decrease in visual acuity, marked the evolution. The newborn was free from neonatal tetanus. Our patient poses the problem of access to preventive care and the quality of care in health facilities in developing countries
Effects of Goat Manure, Biochar, and NPK Applications on Growth and Nutrient Concentrations of Lettuce
During the last decades, biochar (BC) gained increasing importance amongst scholars. Though, only a few studies explored the effects of the combined application of BC with manure on plant growth and nutrient concentrations. This study investigates the effects of separate and joint applications of goat manure (GM) and its derived BC on the growth and mineral element concentrations in lettuce. A completely random design was used in the field experiment. Two factors consisted of GM, BC at 5 Mg ha-1 and 10 Mg ha-1 combined with inorganic fertilizers [nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK)] at 100%, 50%, and 0% were applied to the soil before planting the lettuce and, ANOVA analysis and Duncan test (at α=5%) were conducted. The results showed that a joint application of inorganic and organic fertilizers affects significantly the yield and yield parameters of the lettuce whilst the separate application of organic fertilizer affects significantly the lettuce content in N, P, K, Ca and Mg. Compared to GM, the application of GM-derived BC increases significantly the lettuce content in Zn and decreases its content in Cu. In addition, the highest total yield of lettuce was obtained with a joint combination of GM, BC, and 100% NPK (100 kg N ha-1, 100 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 100 kg K2O ha-1). Consequently, this combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers is favorable fertilization in producing lettuce
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Relative effects of sensory modalities and importance of fatty acid sensitivity on fat perception in a real food model
Fat can be perceived through mouthfeel, odour and taste, but the influence of these modalities on fat perception remains undefined. Fatty acids are stimuli. Individualâs sensitivity to fatty acids varies. Studies show association between fatty acid sensitivity, dietary intake and BMI, but results are conflicting. Therefore, this study examined this association, and the effects of modalities on fat perception.
Two sub-studies conducted. In Study 1 (n=46), fat intensity was assessed by milk/cream mixtures varying by five fat levels. Fat intensity was rated under four conditions: mouthfeel-odour masked, mouthfeel masked, odour masking and no masking. Mouthfeel masking was achieved using thickener and paraffin, odour masking using nose-clips. Fatty acid sensitivity was measured by 3-AFC-staircase method using milk containing oleic acid (0.31-31.4mM). In Study 2 (n=51), more fat levels were added in fat intensity rating. A 2-AFC discrimination test was used to confirm whether fat levels could be distinguished. In the sensitivity test, a wider range of oleic acid was included.
Fat intensity was rated higher without nose-clips (p<0.0001), implying that odour increased fat perception. Samples with mouthfeel-masked were rated higher, showing that increased viscosity and lubricity enhanced fat perception (p<0.0001). Participants could distinguish fat levels based on âtasteâ in rating tests and 2-AFC-tests.
Participants were divided into high/medium/low-sensitivity groups. No significant difference found in fat intensity between groups, however, high-sensitivity group discriminated more fat levels. No association between sensitivity groups, nutrient intake or BMI found
Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries
Abstract
Background
Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres.
Methods
This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and lowâmiddle-income countries.
Results
In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of âsingle-useâ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for lowâmiddle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia.
Conclusion
This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both highâ and lowâmiddleâincome countries
Ătude biogĂ©ochimique et isotopique dans les eaux souterraines au voisinage des dĂ©charges dâordures en milieu fracturĂ© et urbain : cas de la commune de Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)
Landfills function as bioreactors, generating intense fermentative processes that produce leachates rich in organic, nitrogenous, and metallic matter. This study focuses on the development of a conceptual model for the lateral propagation and biodegradation of pollutants in a fractured crystalline aquifer, under a semi-arid tropical climate in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. A combination of geophysical (Spontaneous Potential), biogeochemical, thermodynamic, isotopic techniques, together with geostatistical treatments (PCA, AFD, CAH, EMMA, and Monte-Carlo) allowed: (1) to delineate of the pollution plume, (2) to highlight significant biodegradation of TOC from leachates by coupling with various chemical elements, (3) to reveal high levels of metal contamination, and (4) to identify the groundwater mixing processes and sources of pollution other than leachates. The analysis of these results demonstrates the high complexity of the conceptual model of contamination of the fractured aquifer in Ouagadougou, due to several factors, namely, (1) a great diversity of situations and compositions of waste dumps, (2) a spatial heterogeneity of the composition of leachates that flow towards the groundwater table, (3) the heterogeneity of the pollution flow lines following the fractured structure of the aquifer and originating from other sources upstream of the dump, including agricultural fertilization and the position of sinkholes, and (4) the complex and dynamic biodegradation that occurs within the pollutant plume.Les dĂ©charges d'ordures fonctionnent comme des biorĂ©acteurs dont les processus fermentaires sont intenses et produisent des lixiviats riches en matiĂšre organique, azotĂ©e et mĂ©tallique. Cette Ă©tude porte sur le dĂ©veloppement dâun modĂšle conceptuel de la propagation latĂ©rale des polluants et leur biodĂ©gradation dans un aquifĂšre cristallin fracturĂ©, sous un climat tropical semi-aride, dans la ville de Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Une combinaison de techniques gĂ©ophysiques (Potentiel SpontanĂ©), biogĂ©ochimique, thermodynamique, isotopiques et des traitements gĂ©ostatistiques (ACP, AFD, CAH, EMMA et Monte-Carlo), ont permis : (1) de cartographier le panache de pollution, (2) de mettre en Ă©vidence une biodĂ©gradation importante du TOC issu des lixiviats grĂące au couplage de plusieurs Ă©lĂ©ments chimiques, (3) de montrer un nombre Ă©levĂ© de contamination mĂ©tallique et (4) de mettre en Ă©vidence les processus de mĂ©lange des eaux souterraines et les sources de pollution autres que les lixiviats. Lâanalyse de ces rĂ©sultats dĂ©montre la grande complexitĂ© du modĂšle conceptuel de contamination de l'aquifĂšre fracturĂ© de Ouagadougou, en raison de plusieurs facteurs. Ces facteurs incluent (1) la grande diversitĂ© de situations et de compositions des dĂ©charges d'ordures, (2) l'hĂ©tĂ©rogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© spatiale de la composition des lixiviats qui pĂ©nĂštrent dans la nappe phrĂ©atique, (3) lâhĂ©tĂ©rogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© des lignes de flux de pollution suivant la structure fracturĂ©e de lâaquifĂšre et provenant d'autres sources en amont de la dĂ©charge, notamment les fertilisations agricoles et la position des puits perdus, et (4) la biodĂ©gradation complexe et dynamique qui se produit dans le panache de polluant
Implication de la signalisation calcique et des MAP kinases dans la perception gustative lipidique
In this work, we demonstrate that stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), a sensor of Ca2+ depletion in the endoplasmic reticulum, mediates fatty acidâinduced Ca2+ signaling in the mouse tongue and fat preference. We showed that linoleic acid (LA) induced the production of arachidonic acid (AA) and lysophosphatidylcholine (Lyso-PC) by activating multiple phospholipase A2 isoforms via CD36. This activation triggered Ca2+ influx in lingual CD36-positive taste bud cells (TBCs) purified from mouse CVP. LA also induced the production of Ca2+ influx factor (CIF). STIM1 was found to regulate LA-induced CIF production and the opening of store-operated Ca2+ (SOC) channels. Furthermore, CD36-positive TBCs from Stim1â/â mice failed to release serotonin, and Stim1â/â mice lost the spontaneous preference for fat that was observed in wild-type animals. We also demonstrate that the calcium-mediated signaling via CD36 is doubly modulated in obesity. The increase in [Ca2+]i in taste bud cells observed in Psammomys obesus, a model of nutritional obesity is strongly reduced in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. We also found that the interaction of LA with CD36 induces activation of MAP Kinases MEK1/2/ERK1/2/Elk-1 pathway that is not only responsible for the activation of NTS, arcuate nucleus, and the hippocampus in the brain but also essential for the spontaneous preference for fat food. Our results suggest for the first time, that ERK1/2 MAPK pathway and lipid-induced calcium signaling controlled by STIM1 are involved in oro-gustatory perception of dietary lipidsDans ce travail, nous dĂ©montrons que STIM1, un senseur calcique activĂ© par la dĂ©plĂ©tion du Ca2+ intracellulaire du rĂ©ticulum endoplasmique, est indispensable pour la signalisation calcique et la prĂ©fĂ©rence oro-sensorielle du gras. Nous observons que l'acide linolĂ©ique (LA), en activant les phospholipases A2 via CD36, produit de lâacide arachidonique (AA) et de la lyso-phosphatidylcholine (lyso-PC). Cette activation dĂ©clenche un influx calcique dans les cellules CD36-positives, et induit la production du facteur CIF (Ca2+ Influx Factor). CIF, AA et lyso-PC exercent diffĂ©rentes actions sur l'ouverture des canaux SOC (Stored Operated Calcium Channel) constituĂ©s de protĂ©ines Orai et contrĂŽlĂ©s par STIM1. Par ailleurs, les souris au phĂ©notype Stim1-/- perdent la prĂ©fĂ©rence spontanĂ©e pour les lipides et la libĂ©ration de la sĂ©rotonine Ă partir des cellules gustatives dans le milieu extracellulaire chez les animaux sauvages. Nous demontrons aussi que la signalisation calcique mĂ©diĂ©e via CD36 est doublement modulĂ©e lors de lâobĂ©sitĂ©. Lâaugmentation de la [Ca2+]i dans les cellules gustatives observĂ©e chez le Psammomys obesus, un modĂšle dâobĂ©sitĂ© nutritionelle, est fortement diminuĂ©e chez les souris rendues obĂšses par un regime hyperlipidique. Nous avons constatĂ© Ă©galement que lâinteraction de LA avec le CD36 induit lâactivation des MAP Kinases de la voie MEK1/2/ERK1/2/Elk-1 qui est non seulement Ă lâorigine de lâactivation des aires cĂ©rĂ©brales telles que le NTS, le noyau arquĂ©, lâhippocampe mais aussi indispensable pour la prĂ©fĂ©rence spontanĂ©e pour les lipides alimentaires. Nos rĂ©sultats suggĂšrent pour la prĂ©miĂšre fois, que la voie ERK1/2 des MAPK et la signalisation calcique lipidique controlĂ©e par STIM1 sont impliquĂ©es dans la perception oro-gustative des lipide
Biogeochemical and isotopic study in groundwater near waste dumps in a fractured and urban environment : case of the municipality of Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)
Les dĂ©charges d'ordures fonctionnent comme des biorĂ©acteurs dont les processus fermentaires sont intenses et produisent des lixiviats riches en matiĂšre organique, azotĂ©e et mĂ©tallique. Cette Ă©tude porte sur le dĂ©veloppement dâun modĂšle conceptuel de la propagation latĂ©rale des polluants et leur biodĂ©gradation dans un aquifĂšre cristallin fracturĂ©, sous un climat tropical semi-aride, dans la ville de Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Une combinaison de techniques gĂ©ophysiques (Potentiel SpontanĂ©), biogĂ©ochimique, thermodynamique, isotopiques et des traitements gĂ©ostatistiques (ACP, AFD, CAH, EMMA et Monte-Carlo), ont permis : (1) de cartographier le panache de pollution, (2) de mettre en Ă©vidence une biodĂ©gradation importante du TOC issu des lixiviats grĂące au couplage de plusieurs Ă©lĂ©ments chimiques, (3) de montrer un nombre Ă©levĂ© de contamination mĂ©tallique et (4) de mettre en Ă©vidence les processus de mĂ©lange des eaux souterraines et les sources de pollution autres que les lixiviats. Lâanalyse de ces rĂ©sultats dĂ©montre la grande complexitĂ© du modĂšle conceptuel de contamination de l'aquifĂšre fracturĂ© de Ouagadougou, en raison de plusieurs facteurs. Ces facteurs incluent (1) la grande diversitĂ© de situations et de compositions des dĂ©charges d'ordures, (2) l'hĂ©tĂ©rogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© spatiale de la composition des lixiviats qui pĂ©nĂštrent dans la nappe phrĂ©atique, (3) lâhĂ©tĂ©rogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© des lignes de flux de pollution suivant la structure fracturĂ©e de lâaquifĂšre et provenant d'autres sources en amont de la dĂ©charge, notamment les fertilisations agricoles et la position des puits perdus, et (4) la biodĂ©gradation complexe et dynamique qui se produit dans le panache de polluant.Landfills function as bioreactors, generating intense fermentative processes that produce leachates rich in organic, nitrogenous, and metallic matter. This study focuses on the development of a conceptual model for the lateral propagation and biodegradation of pollutants in a fractured crystalline aquifer, under a semi-arid tropical climate in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. A combination of geophysical (Spontaneous Potential), biogeochemical, thermodynamic, isotopic techniques, together with geostatistical treatments (PCA, AFD, CAH, EMMA, and Monte-Carlo) allowed: (1) to delineate of the pollution plume, (2) to highlight significant biodegradation of TOC from leachates by coupling with various chemical elements, (3) to reveal high levels of metal contamination, and (4) to identify the groundwater mixing processes and sources of pollution other than leachates. The analysis of these results demonstrates the high complexity of the conceptual model of contamination of the fractured aquifer in Ouagadougou, due to several factors, namely, (1) a great diversity of situations and compositions of waste dumps, (2) a spatial heterogeneity of the composition of leachates that flow towards the groundwater table, (3) the heterogeneity of the pollution flow lines following the fractured structure of the aquifer and originating from other sources upstream of the dump, including agricultural fertilization and the position of sinkholes, and (4) the complex and dynamic biodegradation that occurs within the pollutant plume
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