Influence des bulles gazeuses et des préparations fermentatives complexes sur la viscosité des mélasses de betterave à sucre

La mélasse est le coproduit de la fabrication du sucre de canne ou de betterave et dont la composition varie en fonction des conditions climatiques de production de la matière première et du processus de fabrication mis en place par la sucrerie. Elle se présente sous la forme d’un liquide épais, homogène, de couleur marron. Sa forte viscosité limite sa fluidité et son transport dans les tuyauteries et l’abaissement de cette viscosité par réchauffage engendre des coûts élevés d’énergie. L’objectif de cette étude est la mise en oeuvre d’une méthodologie efficace permettant de diminuer la viscosité de la mélasse par l’usage des solutions liquéfiantes (ferments) sans toutefois augmenter la température. Cette diminution évitera à l’usine de dépenser énormément d’énergie pour baisser sa viscosité et faciliter sa fluidité dans les tuyauteries. Les travaux ont été réalisés en utilisant cinq (5) différentes préparations fermentatives liquides de masse volumique 1,2 g/ cm³ fabriquées dans une firme Danoise Novo-Nordisk et qui sont destinées à la transformation des produits céréaliers pour la production des boissons. Il s’agit notamment de : Ultraflo-L, Cereflo- 200L, Thermamyl-120L, Fungamyl-800L et Ceremix- 6 XL. A travers cette recherche, il a été utilisé une mélasse, de pureté 55% laquelle, dans 100 kg de matière sèche retient 55 kg de saccharose et 45 kg de matières organiques et non organiques. Cette mélasse a été ensuite intensivement mélangée à l’aide d’un malaxeur mécanique, et périodiquement par intervalle d’un quart d’heure, des échantillons ont été prélevés et dont la masse volumique a été mesurée. Il ressort des expériences que les masses volumiques de ces échantillons diminuent respectivement en passant de 1,360 à 1,320 ; 1,250 et 1,200 g/ cm³. A la température constante de 60 °C, maintenue à l’aide d’un ultra thermostat, la viscosité des échantillons a été mesurée. Les résultats obtenus ont montré que les viscosités finales de la mélasse de concentration 60% ont varié dans l’amplitude 10,5 à 15,3 m.Pa.s. Pour une thermo stabilité de la mêlasse avec un pH neutre des préparations fermentatives comme l’ultraflo- L et le cereflo -200L permettent de diminuer la viscosité de la mêlasse de 20-35%.© 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clés: Mélasses, betterave, viscosité, température, fermentsEnglish Title: Influence of gaz bubbles and complex fermentative preparation on the viscosity of the sugar beet molassesEnglish AbstractMolasses is the product of the manufacture of sugar cane or beet whose composition changes depending on the climatic conditions of de production of the raw materials and of the process of manufacture set up by the sugar refinery. It comes as a thick, homogenous, and brown liquid. Its fluidity is limited by its strong viscosity,  hence the high cost of energy needed for its conveyance in the pipes, caused by the diminution of that viscosity through reheating. The aim of this study is the implementation of an efficient methodology allowing to lowering the viscosity of the molasses by the use of liquefying solutions without, however, increasing the temperature. This diminution will enable the factory not to use a lot of energy to lower the viscosity so as to ease fluidity in the pipes. The works have been carried out by using five (5) different liquid fermentative preparations of 1.2 g/cm³ relative density made in a Danish Novo-Nordisk firm intended to the transformation of cereal products for the production of drinks. It is basically about: Ultraflo-L; Cereflo- 200L; Thermamyl- 120L; Ffungamyl-800L and Ceremix-6XL. In carrying out this scientific research, we have used the molasses of beet, of 55% purity, which in 100 g of dried matters retain 55 kg of sucrose and 45 kg of organic and inorganic matters. This molasses has been then intensively mixed with a mechanic mixer, and periodically, at 15mn intervals, samples have been taken the relative density of which has been measured. It follows from our experiences that the relative densities of theses samples diminishes respectively , passing from 1.360 to 1.320; 1.250 and 1.200 g/cm³. Densities of these samples taken respectively reduce from 1,360; 1,320; 1,250; 1,200 g/cm3. At constant temperature of 60 °C, Kept by an Ultra thermostat, the viscosity of samples have been measured. The results have shown that final viscosities of molasses of 60% concentration have varied from 10.5 to 15.3 m. Pa in terms of amplitude. Thus, the thermo stability of the molasses with a neutral pH and a weak dose of fermentative preparations, like the Ultraflo-L and Cereflo-200L, allow the reduction of the viscosity of molasses to 20-35%.© 2016 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Keywords: Molasses, beet, viscosity, temperature, ferment

Evaluation of Imprint Cytology of Endoscopic Gastric Mucosa Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori Infection

Background:Helicobacter pylori colonization of the gastric mucosa is associated with the pathogenesis of gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric malignancy. There are several methods to detect the presence of Helicobacter pylori.These tests include noninvasive method (serology, urea breath test, or stool antigen test) and invasive methods, such as, culture, histological examination, and rapid urease test. Method:This descriptive prospective cross sectional study was conducted in Gezira state in Wad Madeni from March - August 2016;it aimed to determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV), and negative predictive values (NPV) of imprint cytology in the detection of H. pylori compared with stool Ag test. H.pylori stool Ag test was done for 50 clinically suspected patients for H.pylori infection and one gastric biopsy from each patient was collected during endoscopy. Air-dried imprint smears of gastric biopsies were stained by the Diff-Quik method and examined for H.pylori. The presence of inflammation and intestinal metaplasia were documented. Results: The H. pylori prevalence was 38% by stool Ag test and 42% by imprint cytology. The sensitivity and specificity of imprint cytology in the detection of H. pylori were 89.5% and 87.1% respectively. The PPV and NPV were 80.1% and 93.1%, respectively. The accuracy of the test was 88.0%. Conclusion:This study concludes that gastric imprint smears stained with Diff-Quik method is a rapid, cheap, and reliable method for the detection of H.pylori infection.It recommends the use of Imprint cytology for detection of Helicobacter pylori inpatients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy

Epidemiological Aspects and Antibiotics Susceptibility Patterns of Streptococcus pyogenes Isolated from Subjects with Tonsillitis, Sudan

Background: Globally, Streptococcus pharyngitis is a major public health challenge. The current study investigates the prevalence of Streptococcal pyogenes among children under 17 years old in ENT Kosti Teaching Hospital and examines the susceptibility of isolated S. pyogenes strains to commonly used antibiotics.Methods: A total of 384 throat swabs were obtained from children under the age of 17 who attended the Kosti Teaching Hospital between 2019 and 2021. Streptococcus pyogenes was isolated by conventional microbiology procedures. Each S. pyogenes strain was subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing according to the CLSI guidelines.Results: Most participants of this study were females 219 (57%) and aged between 5 and 10 years 259 (67.4%). Out of the 384 participants, 134 (34.9%) and 255 (66.4%) suffered from lymphadenopathy and tonsil hyperplasia, respectively. Interestingly, lymphadenopathy and tonsil hyperplasia were more (P 0.05) in the 5–10 age group than those aged 11–16 years. Moreover, 41.4% of the participants were infected by a GAS sore throat. GAS sore throat is significantly associated with lymphadenopathy (AOR: 2.375, 95% CI: 1.479–3.815, P 0.000) and tonsil hyperplasia (AOR: 3.374, 95% CI: 1.939–5.874, P 0.000). Notably, males (AOR: 0.853, 95% CI: 0.549–1.325, P 0.479) and individuals aged 5–10 years (AOR: 0.867, 95% CI: 0.464–1.618, P 0.654) were less likely to have a GAS sore throat. In our study, all isolated strains were sensitive to penicillin. Clindamycin, azithromycin, and erythromycin resistance were observed in 7 (4.4%), 44 (27.7%), and 47 (29.6%) isolates, respectively.Conclusion: The study displayed the current situation of GAS sore throat in the White Nile state. Penicillin was found to be the effective drug to cure S. tonsillitis but a high rate of resistance to macrolides was noticed which is an alarming sign

Metabolic Pathways as a Novel Landscape in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma

Metabolism plays a fundamental role in both human physiology and pathology, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and other tumors. Anabolic and catabolic processes do not only have energetic implications but are tightly associated with other cellular activities, such as DNA duplication, redox reactions, and cell homeostasis. PDAC displays a marked metabolic phenotype and the observed reduction in tumor growth induced by calorie restriction with in vivo models supports the crucial role of metabolism in this cancer type. The aggressiveness of PDAC might, therefore, be reduced by interventions on bioenergetic circuits. In this review, we describe the main metabolic mechanisms involved in PDAC growth and the biological features that may favor its onset and progression within an immunometabolic context. We also discuss the need to bridge the gap between basic research and clinical practice in order to offer alternative therapeutic approaches for PDAC patients in the more immediate future

Groupe de travail COFEND sur la simulation des END par courants de Foucault – Bilan d'activités

National audienceAs an answer to one of the main concerns expressed by the attendees of the first COFREND technical meeting on eddy current NDE simulation held on October 19, 2004, the "eddy current modelling" COFREND Working Group has oriented its activities towards the definition and resolution of benchmark problems, starting from the beginning of 2005.The aim of the Working Group is to define benchmark problems representative of actual industrial issues and uncovered by existing benchmarks. The proposed problems must, as much as possible, be simple (an exact description of the actual industrial problem is not advised) and have complete and accessible descriptive and experimental data. They are meant to be granted a public access and to be open to a resolution by any applicant code.At the present time, the Working Group has defined 4 benchmarks inspired by issues from aerospace and nuclear industries, as well as from laboratory trials, and is studying other proposals. The first resolution examples are presented for two of them, implying both finite element and semi-analytic codes.En réponse à l'une des préoccupations exprimées par les participants à la première journée technique de la COFREND sur la simulation des END par courants de Foucault, le 19 Octobre 2004, le groupe de travail COFREND "modélisation courants de Foucault" a orienté ses activités vers la définition et la résolution de cas-tests (ou "benchmarking") à partir de début 2005.L'objectif du groupe de travail est de définir des cas-tests représentatifs de problématiques industrielles non couvertes par les cas-tests connus de la bibliographie. Les problèmes proposés doivent autant que possible être relativement simples (la description exacte du problème industriel n'est pas recommandée) et disposer de données descriptives et expérimentales complètes et accessibles. Ils ont pour but d'être rendus publics et ouverts à la résolution de tout code de calcul candidat.Actuellement, le groupe de travail a défini 4 cas-tests inspirés de problématiques issues des industries aéronautiques et nucléaires, ainsi que d'essais de laboratoire, et il étudie d'autres propositions. Des premiers exemples de résolution sont présentés pour deux d'entre eux, en utilisant des codes faisant appel aux éléments finis et aux méthodes semi-analytiques

Association of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-10 with different clinical manifestations of hepatitis B infection

Cytokines have a crucial part in the pathogenesis, persistence of infection, and prognosis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection as HBV does not cause direct liver destruction; rather, disease-related complications and prognosis are more associated with immune system action, specifically cytokines such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10, and other cytokines. This study sought to link TNF-, IFN-, IL-6, and IL-10 to various clinical manifestations of HBV infection. Ninety sera were taken from HBV-infected patients, 30 (33.3%) of whom had liver cirrhosis, 30 (33.3%) were HBV carriers, 19 (21.2%) were acute HBV patients, and 11 (12.2%) were recently HBV infected. ELISA was used to determine the serum levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-10. HBV-infected patients with liver cirrhosis had considerably higher mean serum levels of IFN-γ (P=0.005) and IL-10 (P=0.003), but TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly higher in recent HBV-infected patients (P values 0.034 and 0.004, respectively). There were substantial changes in mean serum levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-10 at different phases of HBV infection, implying a role for cytokines in HBV etiology, chronicity, and consequences

Intestinal parasitic infections among expatriate workers in various occupations in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates

Intestinal parasitic infections are prevalent throughout many countries. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasite carriers among 21,347 expatriate workers, including food handlers and housemaids attending the public health center laboratory in Sharjah, UAE. Stool sample collection was performed throughout the period between January and December 2013. All samples were examined microscopically. Demographic data were also obtained and analyzed. Intestinal parasites were found in 3.3% (708/21,347) of the studied samples (single and multiple infections). Among positive samples, six hundred and eighty-three samples (96.5%) were positive for a single parasite: Giardia lamblia (257; 36.3%) and Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar (220; 31.1%), respectively, whereas mono-infections with helminths accounted for 206 (29.1%) of the samples. Infection rates with single worms were: Ascaris lumbricoides (84; 11.9%), Hookworm (34; 4.8%), Trichuris trichiura (33; 4.7%), Taenia spp. (27; 3.81%), Strongyloides stercoralis (13; 1.8%), Hymenolepis nana (13; 1.8%), and Enterobius vermicularis (2; 0.28%), respectively. Infections were significantly associated with gender (x2 = 14.18; p = 0.002) with males as the most commonly infected with both groups of intestinal parasites (protozoa and helminths). A strong statistical association was noted correlating the parasite occurrence with certain nationalities (x2= 49.5,

Prevalence and Diversity of Hepatitis Virus Markers among Patients with Acute Febrile Jaundice in Chad

peer reviewedOnly a minority of the patients with acute febrile jaundice evaluated through the Yellow Fever surveillance program were found positive for antibodies against Yellow Fever Virus (YFV). In order to characterize patients with acute febrile jaundice negative for YFV, we collected 255 sera between January to December 2019. We screened for HBV antigens, and antibodies against HCV and HEV. The seroprevalences observed were 10.6% (27/255) for HBV, 2% (5/255) for HCV, 17.3% (44/255) for HEV IgG, 4.3% (11/255) for HEV IgM, and 12.5% (32/255) for both IgG and IgM HEV. Prevalence of HEV was significantly higher in females than males (p < 0.01). HEV IgG prevalence was highest in those 20–29 years old, but the highest incidence rate (IgM positive) was in children 0–9 years old. Exposure to HEV was higher in the Sahelian zone (55.8%, 95%CI: 40.97–70.66) than in the Sudanese zone (30.2%, 95% CI: 24.01–36.37, p = 0.003). The high prevalence rates and hepatitis virus diversity underline the challenge of routine clinical diagnosis in Chad’s Yellow Fever surveillance program

Climate change and One Health

The journal The Lancet recently published a countdown on health and climate change. Attention was focused solely on humans. However, animals, including wildlife, livestock and pets, may also be impacted by climate change. Complementary to the high relevance of awareness rising for protecting humans against climate change, here we present a One Health approach, which aims at the simultaneous protection of humans, animals and the environment from climate change impacts (climate change adaptation). We postulate that integrated approaches save human and animal lives and reduce costs when compared to public and animal health sectors working separately. A One Health approach to climate change adaptation may significantly contribute to food security with emphasis on animal source foods, extensive livestock systems, particularly ruminant livestock, environmental sanitation, and steps towards regional and global integrated syndromic surveillance and response systems. The cost of outbreaks of emerging vector-borne zoonotic pathogens may be much lower if they are detected early in the vector or in livestock rather than later in humans. Therefore, integrated community-based surveillance of zoonoses is a promising avenue to reduce health effects of climate change