Suppression of charged particle production at large transverse momentum in central Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=2.76\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 2.76 TeV

Inclusive transverse momentum spectra of primary charged particles in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{\rm NN}}}$ = 2.76 TeV have been measured by the ALICE Collaboration at the LHC. The data are presented for central and peripheral collisions, corresponding to 0-5% and 70-80% of the hadronic Pb-Pb cross section. The measured charged particle spectra in $|\eta|<0.8$ and $0.3 < p_T < 20$ GeV/$c$ are compared to the expectation in pp collisions at the same $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$, scaled by the number of underlying nucleon-nucleon collisions. The comparison is expressed in terms of the nuclear modification factor $R_{\rm AA}$. The result indicates only weak medium effects ($R_{\rm AA} \approx$ 0.7) in peripheral collisions. In central collisions, $R_{\rm AA}$ reaches a minimum of about 0.14 at $p_{\rm T}=6$-7GeV/$c$ and increases significantly at larger $p_{\rm T}$. The measured suppression of high-$p_{\rm T}$ particles is stronger than that observed at lower collision energies, indicating that a very dense medium is formed in central Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC.Comment: 15 pages, 5 captioned figures, 3 tables, authors from page 10, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/98

Two-pion Bose-Einstein correlations in central Pb-Pb collisions at sNN\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 2.76 TeV

The first measurement of two-pion Bose-Einstein correlations in central Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 2.76$ TeV at the Large Hadron Collider is presented. We observe a growing trend with energy now not only for the longitudinal and the outward but also for the sideward pion source radius. The pion homogeneity volume and the decoupling time are significantly larger than those measured at RHIC.Comment: 17 pages, 5 captioned figures, 1 table, authors from page 12, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/388

A redescription of some genera with staurospores

Three plant-inhabiting fungi with tetraradiate conidia, Tricornispora bambusae Bonar, Fumagopsis triglifioides Speg., and Eriosporella calami (Niessl) Höhn., the type species of monotypic genera, are redescribed and illustrated from type specimens. These genera are regarded as distinct. Fumagopsis is possibly closely related to Kazulia Nag Raj. Since the type specimen of Tridentaria Preuss did not bear a fungus which agreed with the very brief original description, the genus Tridentaria Preuss is regarded as doubtful. The nematode-trapping Hyphomycetes formerly placed in Tridentaria should be reclassified

Phomopsis subordinaria and associated stalk disease in natural-populations of Plantago lanceolata

Natural populations of Plantago lanceolata L. can be infected by the fungus Phomopsis subordinaria (Desm.) Trav., which causes a stalk disease. Inoculation experiments revealed that the fungus needs a wound to enter the plant tissue. Symptoms of the disease in the field and from inoculation experiments in the greenhouse are described and the taxonomic position of the fungus is discussed. The pathogen could not be isolated from other plant species in heavily infected Pl. lanceolata populations and can be regarded as specialized on Pl. lanceolata. Other species of the genus Plantago differed considerably in their susceptibility to the disease. Comparison of Pl. lanceolata genotypes indicated that there is variation in susceptibility among host genotypes. Because the disease may reduce the production of viable seeds, the possibility of natural selection for resistance in the host is considered

On Vonarxia, Kazulia and other fungi with Stauroconidia

Four monotypic genera have been described for Deuteromycetes with superficial, crustose or pulvinate, setose conidiomata and hyaline, septate stauroconidia consisting of a main axis and 2—3 apical branches. The types of Fumagopsis Spegazzini (1910), Vonarxia Batista & Bezerra (1960) and Kazulia Nag Raj (1977) are specimens collected in South America. All develop superficially on living or decaying leaves. Phalangispora constricta Nawawi & Webster (1982) has been described from a pure culture isolated from conidia collected at Malaya. Fumagopsis trigliphioides Speg. has been redescribed by Van der Aa & Van Oorschot (1985) from the type specimen collected in 1909 in Argentina on leaves of Lucuma neriifolia. It forms a pigmented, setose, superficial mycelium with pustulate or crustose conidiomata covered with dark, thick, apparently aseptate setae. The conidia develop singly on ampulliform or irregular conidiogenous cells with a distinct collar or beak. The conidia are composed of an aseptate or 1-septate main axis and 2—3 apical branches, which are constricted at the septa. The base of the conidia is slightly truncate

Checking process compliance on the basis of uncertain event-to-activity mappings

A crucial requirement for compliance checking techniques is that observed behavior, captured in event traces, can be mapped to the process models that specify allowed behavior. Without a mapping, it is not possible to determine if observed behavior is compliant or not. A considerable problem in this regard is that establishing a mapping between events and process model activities is an inherently uncertain task. Since the use of a particular mapping directly influences the compliance of a trace to a specification, this uncertainty represents a major issue for compliance checking. To overcome this issue, we introduce a probabilistic compliance checking method that can deal with uncertain mappings. Our method avoids the need to select a single mapping, but rather works on a spectrum of possible mappings. A quantitative evaluation demonstrates that our method can be applied on a considerable number of real-world processes where traditional compliance checking methods fail.</p

Composing workflow activities on the basis of data-flow structures

The proper composition of activities is important for the efficient execution of a workflow process. In this paper, an approach is presented that utilizes the data-flow underlying a workflow process to determine the importance and semantic relatedness of the various, elementary data-processing steps. Based on these aspects, fundamental guidelines are proposed to drive and objectify the task of activity composition in the context of workflow design

Dealing with behavioral ambiguity in textual process descriptions

Textual process descriptions are widely used in organizations since they can be created and understood by virtually everyone. The inherent ambiguity of natural language, however, impedes the automated analysis of textual process descriptions. While human readers can use their context knowledge to correctly understand statements with multiple possible interpretations, automated analysis techniques currently have to make assumptions about the correct meaning. As a result, automated analysis techniques are prone to draw incorrect conclusions about the correct execution of a process. To overcome this issue, we introduce the concept of a behavioral space as a means to deal with behavioral ambiguity in textual process descriptions. A behavioral space captures all possible interpretations of a textual process description in a systematic manner. Thus, it avoids the problem of focusing on a single interpretation. We use a compliance checking scenario and a quantitative evaluation with a set of 47 textual process descriptions to demonstrate the usefulness of a behavioral space for reasoning about a process described by a text. Our evaluation demonstrates that a behavioral space strikes a balance between ignoring ambiguous statements and imposing fixed interpretations on them