Propiedades estructurales, fisicoquímicas y emulsionantes de la pectina obtenida por extracción acuosa de la cascara de la pitaya roja (Hylocereus polyrhizus)

Pectin was obtained from red pitaya peels (RPP) by aqueous extraction. SEM analysis showed irregular and rough particles, with some micro-fractures surface. The yield (11.59/100 g d.b.) and Gal A content (54.36 ± 1.03%) were slightly lower than that reported for other conventional pectin sources. The RPP pectin presented high thermal stability (310.74 °C) and a high degree of esterification (60.35±1.35%) which classifies it as a high methoxyl pectin. Also, the emulsifying activity and emulsifying stability of RPP pectin were comparable or higher than that reported for other pectin sources and could be attributed to the small inherent protein content detected. The high RPP pectin/oil volume ratio increased both the emulsifying activity and emulsion stability, which is a desired property. Therefore, the results showed that the RPP pectin has an adequate balance between physicochemical characteristics and functional properties that make it a potentially suitable substitute of commercial pectins for applications in the industry, particularly in the formation and stabilization of emulsions. In addition, the results obtained in this work justify the fact of taking advantage of, maximizing, and giving an added value to the peel of the red pitaya fruit in order to develop a process to produce pectin. In this way, help the rural communities where this fruit is cultivated to improve their environment and quality of life.This work aimed to carry out a straightforward aqueous extraction of pectin from red pitaya peels (RPP), in a drive to promote the circular economy of the settlements where the fruit of this endemic species grows. The average pectin yield was 11.59 g/100 g dry basis, the degree of esterification was 60.35±1.35% (classified as high methoxyl), the galacturonic acid content was 54.36±1.03%, and the protein content of 5.86 ± 0.25%. The RPP pectin was analyzed in terms of physicochemical, functional, and structural features. The FTIR spectrum confirmed that the unveiled pectin structure was consistent with that reported for commercial pectins from different botanical sources. Pectin aqueous dispersions exhibited power-law shear thinning behaviour. Corn oil (10 mL) in 150 mL aqueous pectin solutions (0.12, 0.15, 0.30, 0.60 and 0.90%, w/v) emulsions exhibited increasing emulsifying activity and emulsifying stability with increased pectin concentration. It was concluded that the RPP pectin is an alternative potential new source of pectin for use in the formation and stabilization of oil-in-water food emulsions.A la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México por financiar este artículo mediante el proyecto con clave 6160/2020/CI

Características clínico-epidemiológicas de pacientes hipertensos en un Consultorio Médico de Santa Clara

High blood pressure is a chronic non-transmittable disease, which is also a risk factor for the development of other clinical conditions. The incidence of arterial hypertension in the Cuban population is high.Aim: to characterize the evolution of arterial hypertension in a Family Doctor's Office.Methods: an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out at the Family Doctor's Office 17-19 in the municipality of Santa Clara. The study covered the months of January to March 2020. Of the 256 hypertensive patients, a sample of 52 was selected by a simple random method.Results: Males predominated (53.84 %), together with the age group between 40 and 49 years (28.84 %). A total of 63.46 % of the patients were white-skinned. 51.61% presented risk factors. The risk factors with the highest incidence were smoking, followed by obesity and sedentary lifestyle.Conclusions: the most affected hypertensive patients are male. Most patients have a family history of high blood pressure. Smoking is a high incidence risk factor in the hypertensive population.Introducción: la hipertensión arterial es una enfermedad crónica no transmisible, que a la vez constituye un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de otras enfermedades. La incidencia de la hipertensión arterial en la población de Cuba es alta.Objetivo: caracterizar el comportamiento de la hipertensión arterial en un Consultorio Médico de Familia.Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal en el Consultorio Médico de Familia 17-19 del municipio Santa Clara. El período de estudio comprendió los meses de enero a marzo del 2020. La población fue de 256 hipertensos y se escogió una muestra de 52 hipertensos por muestreo aleatorio simple.Resultados: predominó el sexo masculino (53,84 %), y el grupo de edad entre 40 y 49 años (28,84 %). El 63,46 % de los pacientes fueron de color de la piel blanca. El 51,61 % presentaron factores de riesgo. Los factores de riesgo de mayor incidencia fueron el tabaquismo, seguido por la obesidad y el sedentarismo.Conclusiones: los pacientes hipertensos más afectados son los del sexo masculino. La mayor parte de los pacientes tienen antecedentes familiares de hipertensión arterial. El tabaquismo es un factor de riesgo de alta incidencia en la población hipertensa

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Microencapsulación de aceite de ajonjolí mediante mucilago de la semilla de tamarindo

The present study revealed the possibility of encapsulating sesame seed oil by spray drying using tamarind seed mucilage as a wall material achieving high-efficiency values and delaying oxidation mechanisms of oil. A characteristic feature is the use of higher relations Wm:Co than commonly used on microencapsulation of 1:1 and 1:2, for M1 and M2, respectively. Encapsulation efficiency presented greater values for M1 microcapsules (91.05%) than to M2 (81.22 %) microcapsules. Hence, the most ideal system among this study was M1, leading to the optimal encapsulation efficiency for the microencapsulation of SO with the lowest proportion of surface oil. For all temperatures, the stability of the peroxide value was increased with encapsulation efficiency (M1 > M2). The variation of oil load in microcapsules having different core-to-wall ratio also affected the oxidative stability of the encapsulated oil, this effect was greater in M2 with higher PV than in M1, because, a higher surface oil allows peroxides formation. The limit of peroxides set for human consumption free SO was achieved at the first week of storage and M1 and M2 microcapsules was reached at the fourth week. These results clearly showed that the TSM used on the microencapsulation process as a new wall material provided an effective protection against oxidation during the storage of SO. The introduction of tamarind seed mucilage (TSM) as a wall material for encapsulation, corroborates the manageability, thermal stability, efficiency, and viability when protecting oils susceptible to oxidation processes, even though, when encapsulating high amounts of oil.Tamarind seed mucilage (TSM) was evaluated as a novel wall material for microencapsulation of sesame oil (SO) by spray-drying method. Wall material:core ratios of 1:1 (M1) and 1:2 (M2) were considered, and the corresponding physical and flow properties, thermal stability, functional groups composition, morphology, encapsulation efficiency, and oxidative stability were evaluated. Powder of M1 and M2 microcapsules exhibited free-flowing characteristics. The particle size distribution for M1 microcapsules was monomodal with diameter in the range 1-50 μm. In contrast, Microcapsules M2 presented a bimodal distribution with diameter in the ranges 1-50 μm and 50-125μm. M1 microcapsules were thermally stable until 227 °C and microcapsules M2 until 178 °C. Microcapsules M1 and M2 exhibited a dominant amorphous halo and external morphology almost spherical in shape. Encapsulation efficiency was 91.05% for M1 and 81.22% for M2. Peroxide formation reached values after six weeks was 14.65 and 16.51 mEq/kgOil for M1 and M2 respectively. Overall, the results led to the conclusion that tamarind mucilage is a viable material for high microencapsulation efficiency, while offering protection against oxidation mechanisms of SO.Secretaria de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados de la UAEM, CONACyT (beca de estudiante de doctorado

Efecto de la harina gelatinizada en las propiedades térmicas y reológicas de masas de trigo y pan

This work considered gelatinized wheat flour fraction with properties similar to hydrocolloid to enhance the strength of dough network by improving water retention and rheological characteristics. The gelatinized (90 C) fraction of the wheat flour was incorporated in the dough formulation at different levels (5, 10, and 20% w/w). The effects of the gelatinized flour (GF) fraction on the dough rheology and thermal properties were studied. The incorporation of GF induced a moderate increase of dough viscoelasticity and reduced the freezing and melting enthalpies. On the other hand, the changes in bread textural properties brought by incorporation of GF were insignificant, indicating that the gelatinized fraction acted as a binder that enhanced water trapping in the structure. SEM images showed a more heterogeneous crumb microstructure (e.g., gas cells, porous, etc.) bread prepared using GF. Drying kinetics obtained from TGA indicated that the water diffusivity decreased with the incorporation of GF, which suggested that the bread had a compact microstructure

Análisis Termodinámico y temperatura de transición vítrea de proteína de haba (Vicia Faba L.)

Se realizó un análisis termodinámico de la proteína de haba liofilizada, para encontrar las mejores condiciones de estabilidadFreeze-dried faba bean (Vicia faba L.) protein adsorption isotherms were determined at 25, 35 and 40 °C and fitted with the Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer model. The pore radius of protein was in the range of 0.87 to 6.44 nm, so that they were considered as micropores and mesopores. The minimum integral entropy ranged between 4.33 and 4.44 kg H2O/100 kg d.s., was regarded as the point of maximum of stability. The glass transition temperature of the protein equilibrated at the different conditions of storage was determined, showing that the protein remained in glassy state for all cases. The protein showed compact and rigid structures, evidenced by microscopy analysis

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat