The registration and the processing of signals of geomagnetic pulsations in the system of the geodynamic monitoring

Annotation: In this paper, methods of the implementing filtering are considered for recording of irregular disturbances of the geomagnetic field. The solution of problems of the processing of signals is considered for the system of the geodynamic control. They are based on the detection of the informative area of the registration in real time and the localization of the spatial location of the source of geomagnetic disturbances on the base of the regression analysis. It is noted that methods of simultaneous formation of borders of the bands of HPF and LPF necessary to use with the technical implementation of multi-band filtering. It allows to obtain the absolutely exact conjugation of frequency borders of neighboring subbands of filter, and also to reduce the number of tunable passive elements. Determined that in the technical implementation of the approach, obtaining an arbitrary phase-frequency characteristic that is not related to the amplitude-frequency response, and ensuring the stability of a multi-band filter of high order is important. Application of the regression analysis for selection and an assessment of parameters of distribution of geomagnetic pulsations at magnetotelluric sounding give the chance to consider features of use in system of monitoring of multirange filters and algorithms of spectral timing analysis.Keywords: geomagnetic field, disturbance, registration, processing, signal, geodynamic, monitoring, magnetotelluri

X-ray emission and photoelectron spectroscopy studies of interaction of nanocrystalline TiN and TiB₂ after highpressure sintering

A few samples of nanocrystalline TiN–TiB₂ ceramics were synthesized by high-pressure (3.0 GPa) and high-temperature (t = 1300–1500°C) sintering a mixture of TiN and TiB₂ nanopowders (80 wt.% TiN and 20 wt.% TiB₂) and the microhardness of the samples was determined. Peculiarities of the chemical bonding of the TiN–TiB₂ ceramics possessing the highest microhardness among the samples under consideration, mainly 29.65 ± 0.90 GPa, were studied in the present work using the X-ray emission and photoelectron spectroscopy methods. The X-ray emission spectra reflecting the energy distribution of the valence electronic states of the constituents (the N Kα (N 2p-like states), B Kα (В 2p-like states), Ti Lα (valence Ti s,d-like states) and Ti Kβ₅ (Ti 4p-like states) bands) were measured for the mentioned ceramics and for the initial mixture of TiN and TiB₂ nanopowders. For the above substances the X-ray photoelectron core-level binding energies were evaluated as well. It has been established that, when synthesizing the nanocrystalline TiN–TiB₂ ceramics from the initial mixture of TiN and TiB₂ nanopowders, the half-widths of the X-ray emission Ti Lα and Ti Kβ₅ bands decrease by (0.5–0.6) ± 0.2 eV

Simulation techniques for cosmological simulations

Modern cosmological observations allow us to study in great detail the evolution and history of the large scale structure hierarchy. The fundamental problem of accurate constraints on the cosmological parameters, within a given cosmological model, requires precise modelling of the observed structure. In this paper we briefly review the current most effective techniques of large scale structure simulations, emphasising both their advantages and shortcomings. Starting with basics of the direct N-body simulations appropriate to modelling cold dark matter evolution, we then discuss the direct-sum technique GRAPE, particle-mesh (PM) and hybrid methods, combining the PM and the tree algorithms. Simulations of baryonic matter in the Universe often use hydrodynamic codes based on both particle methods that discretise mass, and grid-based methods. We briefly describe Eulerian grid methods, and also some variants of Lagrangian smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) methods.Comment: 42 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in Space Science Reviews, special issue "Clusters of galaxies: beyond the thermal view", Editor J.S. Kaastra, Chapter 12; work done by an international team at the International Space Science Institute (ISSI), Bern, organised by J.S. Kaastra, A.M. Bykov, S. Schindler & J.A.M. Bleeke

Numerical simulations of the Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium

In this paper we review the current predictions of numerical simulations for the origin and observability of the warm hot intergalactic medium (WHIM), the diffuse gas that contains up to 50 per cent of the baryons at z~0. During structure formation, gravitational accretion shocks emerging from collapsing regions gradually heat the intergalactic medium (IGM) to temperatures in the range T~10^5-10^7 K. The WHIM is predicted to radiate most of its energy in the ultraviolet (UV) and X-ray bands and to contribute a significant fraction of the soft X-ray background emission. While O VI and C IV absorption systems arising in the cooler fraction of the WHIM with T~10^5-10^5.5 K are seen in FUSE and HST observations, models agree that current X-ray telescopes such as Chandra and XMM-Newton do not have enough sensitivity to detect the hotter WHIM. However, future missions such as Constellation-X and XEUS might be able to detect both emission lines and absorption systems from highly ionised atoms such as O VII, O VIII and Fe XVII.Comment: 18 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Space Science Reviews, special issue "Clusters of galaxies: beyond the thermal view", Editor J.S. Kaastra, Chapter 14; work done by an international team at the International Space Science Institute (ISSI), Bern, organised by J.S. Kaastra, A.M. Bykov, S. Schindler & J.A.M. Bleeke

Recent Advances in Understanding Particle Acceleration Processes in Solar Flares

We review basic theoretical concepts in particle acceleration, with particular emphasis on processes likely to occur in regions of magnetic reconnection. Several new developments are discussed, including detailed studies of reconnection in three-dimensional magnetic field configurations (e.g., current sheets, collapsing traps, separatrix regions) and stochastic acceleration in a turbulent environment. Fluid, test-particle, and particle-in-cell approaches are used and results compared. While these studies show considerable promise in accounting for the various observational manifestations of solar flares, they are limited by a number of factors, mostly relating to available computational power. Not the least of these issues is the need to explicitly incorporate the electrodynamic feedback of the accelerated particles themselves on the environment in which they are accelerated. A brief prognosis for future advancement is offered.Comment: This is a chapter in a monograph on the physics of solar flares, inspired by RHESSI observations. The individual articles are to appear in Space Science Reviews (2011

On the mechanisms governing gas penetration into a tokamak plasma during a massive gas injection

A new 1D radial fluid code, IMAGINE, is used to simulate the penetration of gas into a tokamak plasma during a massive gas injection (MGI). The main result is that the gas is in general strongly braked as it reaches the plasma, due to mechanisms related to charge exchange and (to a smaller extent) recombination. As a result, only a fraction of the gas penetrates into the plasma. Also, a shock wave is created in the gas which propagates away from the plasma, braking and compressing the incoming gas. Simulation results are quantitatively consistent, at least in terms of orders of magnitude, with experimental data for a D 2 MGI into a JET Ohmic plasma. Simulations of MGI into the background plasma surrounding a runaway electron beam show that if the background electron density is too high, the gas may not penetrate, suggesting a possible explanation for the recent results of Reux et al in JET (2015 Nucl. Fusion 55 093013)

Національна доповідь про стан і перспективи розвитку освіти в Україні: монографія (До 30-річчя незалежності України)

The publication provides a comprehensive analysis of the state and development of national education over the 30 years of Ukraine’s independence, identifies current problems in education, ascertains the causes of their emergence, offers scientifically reasoned ways to modernise domestic education in the context of globalisation, European integration, innovative development, and national self-identification. Designed for legislators, state officials, education institutions leaders, teaching and academic staff, the general public, all those who seek to increase the competitiveness of Ukrainian education in the context of civilisation changes.У виданні здійснено всебічний аналіз стану і розвитку національної освіти за 30-річний період незалежності України, визначено актуальні проблеми освітньої сфери, виявлено причини їх виникнення, запропоновано науково обґрунтовані шляхи модернізації вітчизняної освіти в умовах глобалізації, європейської інтеграції, інноваційного розвитку та національної самоідентифікації. Розраховано на законодавців, державних управлінців, керівників закладів освіти, педагогічних і науково-педагогічних працівників, широку громадськість, усіх, хто прагне підвищення конкурентоспроможності української освіти в контексті цивілізаційних змін

Riociguat treatment in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: Final safety data from the EXPERT registry

Objective: The soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator riociguat is approved for the treatment of adult patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and inoperable or persistent/recurrent chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) following Phase

Analysis of Goals Scored in World Floorball Championship 2019

Быков Анатолий Валентинович, кандидат педагогических наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой физической культуры и спорта, филиал Северного (Арктического) федерального уни- верситета им. М.В. Ломоносова. Россия, 164500, Северодвинск, ул. Капитана Воронина, д. 6. Anatoliy V. Bykov, Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Physical Education and Sport, Branch of Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Severodvinsk, Russia.Цель исследования состояла в том, чтобы проанализировать особенности выполнения бросков и ударов по воротам соперника национальными женскими сборными командами на чемпионате мира 2019 года. Материалы и методы. Для оценки бросковой подготовленности был проведен просмотр видеозаписей 48 матчей чемпионата мира 2019 года по флорболу. Оценивались характеристики бросков и ударов, выполняемых спортсменками в процессе соревновательной деятельности – общее количество атакующих действий и их результативность. На основе полученных данных были рассчитаны показатели точности и эффективности. В работе нами было проведено исследование тайминга забитых голов на чемпионате мира 2019 года по флорболу и анализ удалений, которые были зафиксированы во время турнира. Результаты. Выявлено, что результативность всех матчей чемпионата мира 2019 года составила 11 ± 5,2 голов за игру. Наиболее результативным периодом на турнире стал третий – 184 гола или 34,7 % от всех голов, забитых на чемпионате мира. Наиболее результативными отрезками матчей соревнований стали две пятиминутки второго периода с 25 по 35 минуту и последний отрезок третьего периода с 55 по 60 минуту. Выявлено, что за 48 матчей чемпионата мира было выполнено 5555 бросков и ударов по воротам, при этом наибольшее их количество пришлось на третий период. Среднее количество атакующих действий, выполняемых одной командой за игру, составило 57,86 ± 26,84 бросков и ударов. Показатель точности завершающих атакующих действий на турнире составил 41,63 %, общей эффективности – 9,54 %. Эффективность реализации розыгрыша численного большинства составила 36,2 %. Выводы. Полученные показатели точности и эффективности могут рассматриваться в качестве модельных характеристик бросковой подготовленности женских команд высокой квалификации для оценки качества тренировочного процесса и спортивного мастерства во флорболе. Aim. The purpose of the study was to analyze the performance of shots at the opponent's goal by women's national teams at the 2019 world championship. Materials and methods. Video recordings of 48 matches of the 2019 world floorball championship were viewed to evaluate shots on goal. The characteristics of shots performed by athletes – the total number of attacking actions and their effectiveness were evaluated. Based on the data obtained, the accuracy and effectiveness of shots were calculated. A study of the timing of goals scored at the 2019 world floorball championship and the analysis of penalties that were recorded during the tournament were performed. Results. It was found that the performance of all matches of the 2019 world floorball championship was 11 ± 5.2 goals per game. The most productive period in the tournament was the third – 184 goals or 34.7 % of all goals scored at the 2019 world floorball championship. The most productive segments of the matches were two five-minute periods of the second period from 25 to 35 minutes and the last segment of the third period from 55 to 60 minutes. It was revealed that over 48 matches of the 2019 world floorball championship, 5555 shots and shots on goal were made, with the largest number of them occurring in the third period. The average number of offensive actions performed by one team per game was 57.86 ± 26.84 shots. The precision rate of the final attacking actions in the tournament was 41.63 %, and the overall efficiency was 9.54 %. The effectiveness of the power play was 36.2 %. Conclusions. The obtained indicators of precision and efficiency can be considered as model characteristics of shots of women's teams of high qualification for evaluating the quality of the training process and sports performance in floorball