Haciendo frente a la discriminación y a la exclusión

This essay takes an inter-American and transpacific look at historical processes of discrimination and exclusion of free Chinese migrants in the Americas from the sixteenth to the twentieth century. The analysis of the correlation between migration, liberalism and racism will allow us to gain a better understanding of the situations of discrimination faced by Asian immigrants and others considered as “non-Whites” in the United States, Europe and other parts of the world. Today, this issue is once again gaining relevance, particularly in light of the xenophobic and anti-Chinese reactions that have arisen with the coronavirus pandemic

Haciendo frente a la discriminación y a la exclusión

This essay takes an inter-American and transpacific look at historical processes of discrimination and exclusion of free Chinese migrants in the Americas from the sixteenth to the twentieth century. The analysis of the correlation between migration, liberalism and racism will allow us to gain a better understanding of the situations of discrimination faced by Asian immigrants and others considered as “non-Whites” in the United States, Europe and other parts of the world. Today, this issue is once again gaining relevance, particularly in light of the xenophobic and anti-Chinese reactions that have arisen with the coronavirus pandemic

Variation in monitoring and treatment policies for intracranial hypertension in traumatic brain injury: A survey in 66 neurotrauma centers participating in the CENTER-TBI

Background: No definitive evidence exists on how intracranial hypertension should be treated in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). It is therefore likely that centers and practitioners individually balance potential benefits and risks of different intracranial pressure (ICP) management strategies, resulting in practice variation. The aim of this study was to examine variation in monitoring and treatment policies for intracranial hypertension in patients with TBI. Methods: A 29-item survey on ICP monitoring and treatment was developed based on literature and expert opinion, and pilot-tested in 16 centers. The questionnaire was sent to 68 neurotrauma centers participating in the Collaborative European Neurotrauma Effectiveness Research (CENTER-TBI) study. Results: The survey was completed by 66 centers (97% response rate). Centers were mainly academic hospitals (n = 60, 91%) and designated level I trauma centers (n = 44, 67%). The Brain Trauma Foundation guidelines were used in 49 (74%) centers. Approximately ninety percent of the participants (n = 58) indicated placing an ICP monitor in patients with severe TBI and computed tomography abnormalities. There was no consensus on other indications or on peri-insertion precautions. We found wide variation in the use of first- and second-tier treatments for elevated ICP. Approximately half of the centers were classified as having a relatively aggressive approach to ICP monitoring and treatment (n = 32, 48%), whereas the others were considered more conservative (n = 34, 52%). Conclusions: Substantial variation was found regarding monitoring and treatment policies in patients with traumatic brain injury and intracranial hypertension. The results of this survey indicate a lack of consensus between European neurotrauma centers and provide an opportunity and necessity for comparative effectiveness research