778 research outputs found
Path-integral approach to mutual information calculation for nonlinear communication channel with small second dispersion at large signal-to-noise power ratio
We consider the information fiber optical channel modeled by the nonlinear
Schrodinger equation with additive Gaussian noise. Using path-integral approach
and perturbation theory for the small dimensionless parameter of the second
dispersion, we calculate the conditional probability density functional in the
leading and next-to-leading order in the dimensionless second dispersion
parameter associated with the input signal bandwidth. Taking into account
specific filtering of the output signal by the output signal receiver, we
calculate the mutual information in the leading and next-to-leading order in
the dispersion parameter and in the leading order in the parameter
signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Further, we find the explicit expression for the
mutual information in case of the modified Gaussian input signal distribution
taking into account the limited frequency bandwidth of the input signal.Comment: 42 pages, 5 figure
Deductive verification of requirements for event-driven architecture
The current paper presents the technology of processing of requirements for systems with event-driven architecture. The technology consists of the stages of formalization, formal verification and conversion to design specifications. The formalization is the formal description of events as formal specifications called basic protocols. The consistency and completeness of basic protocols, safety properties and user-defined properties are verified. The deductive tools for dynamic and static checking are used for detection of properties violation. The method of enlargement allows reducing the complexity of proving and solving. Formal presentation of requirements allows converting them to SDL\UML specifications and generating the test suite. The technology is realized in IMS system and applied in more than 50 projects of telecommunication, networking, microprocessing and automotive systems
MULTIFUNCTIONAL ANALOG DEVICE BASED ON AMPLIFIERS WITH REGULATED GAIN
In this article analog device capable to make portion of different functions in wide frequency band is discussed. Some recommendations for possible application examples are offered
Elementary amenable subgroups of R. Thompson's group F
The subgroup structure of Thompson's group F is not yet fully understood. The
group F is a subgroup of the group PL(I) of orientation preserving, piecewise
linear self homeomorphisms of the unit interval and this larger group thus also
has a poorly understood subgroup structure. It is reasonable to guess that F is
the "only" subgroup of PL(I) that is not elementary amenable. In this paper, we
explore the complexity of the elementary amenable subgroups of F in an attempt
to understand the boundary between the elementary amenable subgroups and the
non-elementary amenable. We construct an example of an elementary amenable
subgroup up to class (height) omega squared, where omega is the first infinite
ordinal.Comment: 20 page
Interfering Doorway States and Giant Resonances. I: Resonance Spectrum and Multipole Strengths
A phenomenological schematic model of multipole giant resonances (GR) is
considered which treats the external interaction via common decay channels on
the same footing as the coherent part of the internal residual interaction. The
damping due to the coupling to the sea of complicated states is neglected. As a
result, the formation of GR is governed by the interplay and competition of two
kinds of collectivity, the internal and the external one. The mixing of the
doorway components of a GR due to the external interaction influences
significantly their multipole strengths, widths and positions in energy. In
particular, a narrow resonance state with an appreciable multipole strength is
formed when the doorway components strongly overlap.Comment: 20 pages, LaTeX, 3 ps-figures, to appear in PRC (July 1997
Polymerization of Lactic Acid Using Microwave and Conventional Heating
The polymerization of lactic acid (LA) has been investigated by two methods: conventional heating and under microwave irradiation. The reactions of polymerization have been carried out in two stages: at the beginning water is removed and oligomer is obtained; then, the catalysts/co-catalysts are added and reactions are carried out. Tin octoate, toluene sulfonic acid, 2-aminopropanoic acid (alanine) have been investigated as polymerization catalysts and the derivatives of 2,4,6,8- tetramethilol -2,4,6,8- tetraazabicyclo[3.3.0]octane -3,7-dion (Tetraol), comprising atoms of Mg, Zn, Al have been synthesized for the first time. The structure of the synthesized catalyst has been investigated using the method of IR, {1}H NMR. It has been shown that the process of obtaining polylactic acid (PLA) by microwave irradiation proceeds hundreds of times faster. PLA samples synthesized by this method have the same optical characteristics as the PLA obtained by conventional heating
On micro-structural effects in dielectric mixtures
The paper presents numerical simulations performed on dielectric properties
of two-dimensional binary composites on eleven regular space filling
tessellations. First, significant contributions of different parameters, which
play an important role in the electrical properties of the composite, are
introduced both for designing and analyzing material mixtures. Later, influence
of structural differences and intrinsic electrical properties of constituents
on the composite's over all electrical properties are investigated. The
structural differences are resolved by the spectral density representation
approach. The numerical technique, without any {\em a-priori} assumptions, for
extracting the spectral density function is also presented.Comment: 24 pages, 8 figure and 7 tables. It is submitted to IEEE Transactions
on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulatio
The type numbers of closed geodesics
A short survey on the type numbers of closed geodesics, on applications of
the Morse theory to proving the existence of closed geodesics and on the recent
progress in applying variational methods to the periodic problem for Finsler
and magnetic geodesicsComment: 29 pages, an appendix to the Russian translation of "The calculus of
variations in the large" by M. Mors
Wanting to become PE teachers in Spain: connections between previous experiences and particular beliefs about school Physical Education and the development of professional teacher identities
Physical Education (PE) teachers have previous experiences that both
shape their particular beliefs about the role and purpose of this school
subject as well as their pedagogical practice. The present study aims to
examine and deepen our knowledge of future Spanish PE teachers’
previous experiences of and beliefs about PE that condition their
pedagogical practice and intentionality within this school subject. The
data reported on in this paper were generated through questionnaires,
life-history stories and semi-structured interviews with 24 initial teacher
education students in the second year of a degree specialising in PE at a
Spanish university. The data was analysed using content and narrative
(thematic) analysis. The students, far from being tabula rasa, in their
responses show how their previous socialisation period, their
subjectivities and identities constitute particular beliefs about PE
teaching. More specifically, the results reveal four key themes in the
student teachers’ experiences and beliefs that represent four different
factors influencing future PE teacher identities: (1) ‘Sport’; (2) ‘PE for
health’; (3) ‘A focus on pedagogy’; and (4) ‘A critical orientation’. In
conclusion, the study reaffirms the need for further reflection on how
previous experiences and beliefs influence the development of
professional teacher identities as part of initial teacher education in PE
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