101 research outputs found

    Stability of the proton-to-electron mass ratio

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    We report a limit on the fractional temporal variation of the proton-to-electron mass ratio as, obtained by comparing the frequency of a rovibrational transition in SF6 with the fundamental hyperfine transition in Cs. The SF6 transition was accessed using a CO2 laser to interrogate spatial 2-photon Ramsey fringes. The atomic transition was accessed using a primary standard controlled with a Cs fountain. This result is direct and model-free

    The synthetic triterpenoid RTA dh404 (CDDO-dhTFEA) restores endothelial function impaired by reduced Nrf2 activity in chronic kidney disease

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    AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with endothelial dysfunction and accelerated cardiovascular disease, which are largely driven by systemic oxidative stress and inflammation. Oxidative stress and inflammation in CKD are associated with and, in part, due to impaired activity of the cytoprotective transcription factor Nrf2. RTA dh404 is a synthetic oleanane triterpenoid compound which potently activates Nrf2 and inhibits the pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB. This study was designed to test the effects of RTA dh404 on endothelial function, inflammation, and the Nrf2-mediated antioxidative system in the aorta of rats with CKD induced by 5/6 nephrectomy. Sham-operated rats served as controls. Subgroups of CKD rats were treated orally with RTA dh404 (2mg/kg/day) or vehicle for 12 weeks. The aortic rings from untreated CKD rats exhibited a significant reduction in the acetylcholine-induced relaxation response which was restored by RTA dh404 administration. Impaired endothelial function in the untreated CKD rats was accompanied by significant reduction of Nrf2 activity (nuclear translocation) and expression of its cytoprotective target genes, as well as accumulation of nitrotyrosine and upregulation of NAD(P)H oxidases, 12-lipoxygenase, MCP-1, and angiotensin II receptors in the aorta. These abnormalities were ameliorated by RTA dh404 administration, as demonstrated by the full or partial restoration of the expression of all the above analytes to sham control levels. Collectively, the data demonstrate that endothelial dysfunction in rats with CKD induced by 5/6 nephrectomy is associated with impaired Nrf2 activity in arterial tissue, which can be reversed with long term administration of RTA dh404

    ОЦЕНКА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА НА ОСНОВЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЯ РЕНТАБЕЛЬНОСТИ ОСНОВНЫХ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННЫХ АКТИВОВ

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    The article declares that economic entities should be aimed at the highest profit received from each rouble invested in enterprise property. The property of agricultural enterprises is represented by inefficient idle assets that don’t belong to the main business; this prevents real estimation of property efficiency and makes it lower. Estimation of property efficiency occurs by means of index of return on business assets and allows overcoming the weak point mentioned above. At the same time its applying is restricted due to inability of appropriate stock shifting from the total stock. The authors suggest applying of index of return on productive assets is efficient even in accounting reporting of the enterprise and it doesn’t reduce analytical value of accounting reporting (in comparison with return on business assets). Further detailed analysis of return on productive assets requires applying of indexes of stock turnover whereas there are no scientific recommendations in respect to this aspect. The research certifies that applying indexes of stock turnover based on cost value and not profit allows making appropriate conclusions about the reasons and factors influencing return on productive assets.Хозяйствующие субъекты должны стремиться к получению максимальной отдачи (прибыли) с каждого рубля, вложенного в активы (имущество) организации. Значительная доля имущества сельскохозяйственных организаций представлена малоэффективными, простаивающими, непрофильными активами, что искажает оценку эффективности использования имущества организации, занижая её. Оценка эффективности использования имущества на основе показателя рентабельности производственных фондов позволяет во многом преодолеть обозначенный недостаток. Вместе с тем его использование также ограничено по причине невозможности корректного выделения оборотных производственных фондов из состава запасов. Введение в практику показателя рентабельности производственных активов является возможным даже на основе внешней бухгалтерской отчётности организации и не снижает при этом ее аналитической ценности (по сравнению с рентабельностью производственных фондов). При этом дальнейшая детализация проводимого (факторного) анализа рентабельности производственных активов требует применения показателей оборачиваемости запасов, по вопросу расчёта которых в академической науке до сих пор нет полного единства. В исследовании доказывается, что только при использовании показателей оборачиваемости запасов, основанных на использовании себестоимости, а не выручки, можно сформировать адекватные выводы о причинах (факторах) изменения рентабельности производственных активов

    СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ МЕХАНИЗМА СУБСИДИРОВАНИЯ ПРОЦЕНТНОЙ СТАВКИ ПО КРЕДИТАМ СЕЛЬХОЗОРГАНИЗАЦИЯМ

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    The authors declare that agriculture can’t develop efficiently without state support. At the same time agricultural production meets risks due to joining the WTO. Modernization of agricultural industry is possible in case of bank crediting only. The paper considers interest rate subsidies as the significant instrument of state support of agricultural producers. Implementation of this measure is followed by the lack of funding in federal and regional budgets and high debt of agricultural enterprises, which is revealed in a great share of loan funds in total funding of agricultural enterprises. Agricultural enterprises have to spend significant part of profit on interest rate covering. The specialists apply co-efficient of interest rate repayment in order to estimate the ability of enterprises to serve a loan. The authors suppose, the government should provide interest rate subsidies and take into account significant debt of agricultural enterprises and its negative dynamics. The authors suggest applying calculation of subsidy by means of the standard for interest rate repayment co-efficient. The co-efficient parameter of loan repayment conforms to relative security and contributes to reducing risks. This measure allows increasing the number of subsidizing projects and enterprises and not reducing the total subsidies; the measure reduces possibilities for psychologic approach and corruption and makes economic entities explain and ground their projects in a better way; it supports the agricultural state support in the contexts of reducing of total state income.Без государственной поддержки сельское хозяйство страны эффективно развиваться не может. Ещё более высокие риски убыточности сельскохозяйственного производства возникают в связи с вступлением России в ВТО. Модернизация сельскохозяйственного производства возможна только при условии привлечения банковского кредитования. Субсидирование процентной ставки по кредитам является мощным средством государственной поддержки сельхозпроизводителей. При этом дальнейшая реализация данной меры сопровождается такими факторами, как недостаток средств федерального и региональных бюджетов, а также высокая закредитованность сельскохозяйственных организаций, выражающаяся в существенной доле кредитных средств в совокупных источниках финансирования сельхозорганизаций. Значительную часть своей прибыли сельхозорганизации вынуждены направлять на погашение процентов по ранее взятым кредитам. Для оценки готовности организаций обслуживать ранее взятые кредиты применяют коэффициент покрытия процентов. В сложившейся ситуации государство должно продолжить практику субсидирования процентной ставки по кредитам, но и учитывать при этом факт значительной закредитованности сельскохозяйственных организаций и её негативную динамику. Действующую практику субсидирования процентной ставки по кредитам сельхозорганизациям предлагается дополнить расчётом размера субсидии на основе норматива (рекомендуемого значения) для коэффициента покрытия процентов. Рекомендуемое значение коэффициента покрытия процентов отвечает требованиям относительной безопасности, способствует снижению рисков. Реализация данной меры даст возможность, не снижая общий размер субсидий, увеличить количество субсидируемых проектов, организаций; снизить предпосылки для проявления субъективного подхода и коррупционных проявлений; принудить хозяйствующих субъектов к более взвешенному обоснованию своих проектов; продолжить государственную поддержку сельского хозяйства в условиях сокращения общего размера доходов государственного бюджета

    СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ПОДДЕРЖКИ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ  ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКОГО КАПИТАЛА В СЕЛЬСКОМ ХОЗЯЙСТВЕ

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    Successful development of agricultural sector requires the state support for human capital assets formation in agriculture. The paper analyzes the average monthly salary of agricultural workers in Novosibirsk and finds out that agriculture is the lowest-profitable industry. Current expansionary actions are not able to recruit and employ young specialists in agriculture. The authors highlight that it is necessary to increase salaries in order to provide material incentives and employ young professionals in agriculture. The authors suggest to reduce economic inequality by means of enhancement of salary subsidizing for young specialists during three years since starting professional activity in agriculture. Salary subsidizing is seen in compensation the breach in double average salary in agricultural area in the region and average salary in agricultural enterprise.Для успешного развития сельскохозяйственной отрасли необходима государственная поддержка формирования человеческого капитала в сельском хозяйстве. Анализ среднемесячной заработной платы работников сельского хозяйства Новосибирской области показывает, что сельское хозяйство является самой низкодоходной отраслью. Стимулирующие меры, существующие на данный момент, не способны привлечь и закрепить молодых специалистов в отрасли. В целях материального стимулирования и закрепления молодых специалистов в сельском хозяйстве необходимо увеличить размер их ежемесячной заработной платы. Для сглаживания экономического неравенства предлагается усовершенствовать субсидирование заработной платы молодых специалистов в течение трех лет от начала производственной деятельности в сельскохозяйственной организации путем компенсации её разницы между двойным размером средней в сельском хозяйстве по региону и уровнем средней заработной платы по сельскохозяйственной организации

    Searching for chameleon-like scalar fields with the ammonia method

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    (Abridged) The ammonia method, which has been proposed to explore the electron-to-proton mass ratio, mu = m_e/m_p, is applied to nearby dark clouds in the Milky Way. This ratio, which is measured in different physical environments of high (terrestrial) and low (interstellar) densities of baryonic matter is supposed to vary in chameleon-like scalar field models, which predict strong dependence of both masses and coupling constant on the local matter density. High resolution spectral observations of molecular cores in lines of NH3 (J,K) = (1,1), HC3N J = 2-1, and N2H+ J = 1-0 were performed at three radio telescopes to measure the radial velocity offsets, DeltaV = V_rot - V_inv, between the inversion transition of NH3 (1,1) and the rotational transitions of other molecules with different sensitivities to the parameter dmm = (mu_obs - mu_lab)/mu_lab. The measured values of DeltaV exhibit a statistically significant velocity offset of 23 +/- 4_stat +/- 3_sys m/s. When interpreted in terms of the electron-to-proton mass ratio variation, this infers that dmm = (2.2 +/- 0.4_stat +/- 0.3_sys)x10^{-8}. If only a conservative upper bound is considered, then the maximum offset between ammonia and the other molecules is |DeltaV| <= 30 m/s. This gives the most accurate reference point at z = 0 for dmm: |dmm| <= 3x10^{-8}.Comment: 23 pages, 11 figures, 6 tables. Accepted for publication in A&A. Title and text corrected, references update

    Second-order nonlinear optical properties of composite material of an azo-chromophore with a tricyanodiphenyl acceptor in a poly(styrene-co-methyl methacrylate) matrix

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    © 2017 Elsevier B.V.The composite material of new synthesized 4-((4-(N,N-n-dibutylamino) phenyl)diazenyl)-biphenyl-2,3,4-tricarbonitrile (GAS dye) in commercial poly(styrene-co-methyl methacrylate) (PSMMA) was prepared, poled and its nonlinear optical properties compared with DR1 dye were studied. High thermal stability of the composite material was revealed, and the maximal concentration of the chromophore was found to reach ∼20 wt%. The dipole moment, polarizability tensor, and first hyperpolarizability tensor of the investigated dyes were calculated by within the framework of the coupled perturbed density functional theory. A nanosecond second-harmonic generation Maker fringes technique was used which is capable of providing the magnitude of the second-order nonlinearity of optical materials at a wavelength of 1064 nm. For the tested GAS–PSMMA composite material, maximal coefficient d33 was found to be 50 pm/V. The nonlinear optical response, which was achieved here, shows possible usefulness of the GAS dye as a component for molecular design of nonlinear-optical materials with advanced characteristics

    Quantum cascade laser frequency stabilisation at the sub-Hz level

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    Quantum Cascade Lasers (QCL) are increasingly being used to probe the mid-infrared "molecular fingerprint" region. This prompted efforts towards improving their spectral performance, in order to reach ever-higher resolution and precision. Here, we report the stabilisation of a QCL onto an optical frequency comb. We demonstrate a relative stability and accuracy of 2x10-15 and 10-14, respectively. The comb is stabilised to a remote near-infrared ultra-stable laser referenced to frequency primary standards, whose signal is transferred via an optical fibre link. The stability and frequency traceability of our QCL exceed those demonstrated so far by two orders of magnitude. As a demonstration of its capability, we then use it to perform high-resolution molecular spectroscopy. We measure absorption frequencies with an 8x10-13 relative uncertainty. This confirms the potential of this setup for ultra-high precision measurements with molecules, such as our ongoing effort towards testing the parity symmetry by probing chiral species

    9-Methylacridinium iodide

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