Industriousness and Its Discontents: Wages, Workloads, and the Mechanisation of Papermaking, 1750-1820

This article considers how the capitalist practices and organisation of hand papermaking framed the coming of mechanised paper production during the Age of Revolutions. The lived experience of making paper by hand had been as tightly wrapped as the synchronised toil of its workers and the trade\u27s wage system. Neither the \u27industrial Enlightenment\u27 nor an \u27industrious revolution\u27 had transformed paper production. Instead, the papermaking machine drew on and unravelled a durable web of skilled toil, custom, compensation, worktime, and shopfloor relationships. In doing so, the inventor of this device, Nicolas-Louis Robert, imagined that it would offer the manufacturers unfettered sway over their shops; indeed, he privileged this purpose above efficiency and productivity. That mastery remained incomplete, however, as paper producers still required men who had mastered the trade\u27s tacit knowledge about such matters as pulp, finish, and the proper weather for production

Field-test of a robust, portable, frequency-stable laser

We operate a frequency-stable laser in a non-laboratory environment where the test platform is a passenger vehicle. We measure the acceleration experienced by the laser and actively correct for it to achieve a system acceleration sensitivity of $\Delta f / f$ = $11(2) \times 10^{-12}$/g, $6(2) \times 10^{-12}$/g, and $4(1) \times 10^{-12}$/g for accelerations in three orthogonal directions at 1 Hz. The acceleration spectrum and laser performance are evaluated with the vehicle both stationary and moving. The laser linewidth in the stationary vehicle with engine idling is 1.7(1) Hz

Relativistic general-order coupled-cluster method for high-precision calculations: Application to Al+ atomic clock

We report the implementation of a general-order relativistic coupled-cluster method for performing high-precision calculations of atomic and molecular properties. As a first application, the static dipole polarizabilities of the ground and first excited states of Al+ have been determined to precisely estimate the uncertainty associated with the BBR shift of its clock frequency measurement. The obtained relative BBR shift is -3.66+-0.44 for the 3s^2 ^1S_0^0 --> 3s3p ^3P_0^0 transition in Al+ in contrast to the value obtained in the latest clock frequency measurement, -9+-3 [Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 070802 (2010)]. The method developed in the present work can be employed to study a variety of subtle effects such as fundamental symmetry violations in atoms.Comment: 4 pages, 3 tables, submitte