Challenges in the development of the orbiter atmosphere revitalization subsystem

The space shuttle orbiter atmospheric revitalization subsystem provides thermal and contaminant control as well as total- and oxygen partial-pressure control of the environment within the orbiter crew cabin. Challenges that occurred during the development of this subsystem for the space shuttle orbiter are described. The design of the rotating hardware elements of the system (pumps, fans, etc.) required significant development to meet the requirements of long service life, maintainability, and high cycle-fatigue life. As a result, a stringent development program, particularly in the areas of bearing life and heat dissipation, was required. Another area requiring significant development was cabin humidity control and condensate collection

Uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy in CaRuO3{\rm CaRuO_3}

${\rm CaRuO_3}$ is a paramagnetic metal and since its low temperature resistivity is described by $\rho=\rho_0+AT^\gamma$ with $\gamma \sim 1.5$, it is also considered a non-Fermi liquid (NFL) metal. We have performed extensive magnetoresistance and Hall effect measurements of untwinned epitaxial films of ${\rm CaRuO_3}$. These measurements reveal that ${\rm CaRuO_3}$ exhibits uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy. In addition, the low-temperature NFL behavior is most effectively suppressed when a magnetic field is applied along the easy axis, suggesting that critical spin fluctuations, possibly due to proximity of a quantum critical phase transition, are related to the NFL behavior.Comment: 7 figure

A Proper Motion Study of the Haro 6-10 Outflow: Evidence for a Subarcsecond Binary

We present single-dish and VLBI observations of an outburst of water maser emission from the young binary system Haro 6-10. Haro 6-10 lies in the Taurus molecular cloud and contains a visible T Tauri star with an infrared companion 1.3" north. Using the Very Long Baseline Array, we obtained five observations spanning 3 months and derived absolute positions for 20 distinct maser spots. Three of the masers can be traced over 3 or more epochs, enabling us to extract absolute proper motions and tangential velocities. We deduce that the masers represent one side of a bipolar outflow that lies nearly in the plane of the sky with an opening angle of ~45\deg. They are located within 50 mas of the southern component of the binary, the visible T Tauri star Haro 6-10S. The mean position angle on the sky of the maser proper motions (~220\deg) suggests they are related to the previously observed giant Herbig-Haro (HH) flow which includes HH410, HH411, HH412, and HH184A-E. A previously observed HH jet and extended radio continuum emission (mean position angle of ~190\deg) must also originate in the vicinity of Haro6-10S and represent a second, distinct outflow in this region. We propose that a yet unobserved companion within 150 mas of Haro6-10S is responsible for the giant HH/maser outflow while the visible star is associated with the HH jet. Despite the presence of H_2 emission in the spectrum of the northern component of the binary, Haro6-10N, none of outflows/jets can be tied directly to this young stellar object

Logics, rhetoric and 'the blob': populist logic in the Conservative reforms to English schooling

A lot has been written about the lasting implications of the Conservative reforms to English schooling, particularly changes made by Michael Gove as Education Secretary (2010–2014). There is a lot less work, however, on studying the role that language, strategy and the broader political framework played in the process of instituting and winning consent for these reforms. Studying these factors is important for ensuring that any changes to education and schooling are not read in isolation from their political context. Speeches particularly capture moments where intellectual and strategic political traditions meet, helping us to form a richer understanding of the motives behind specific reform goals and where they fit into a political landscape. This article analyses speeches and policy documents from prominent politicians who led the Conservative education agenda between 2010–2014 to illustrate how politicians mobilised a deliberate populist strategy and argumentation to achieve specific educational goals, but which have had broader social and political implications. Concepts from interpretive political studies are used to develop a case analysis of changes to teacher training provision and curriculum reform, illustrating how politicians constructed a frontier between ‘the people’ (commonly teachers or parents) and an illegitimate ‘elite’ (an educational establishment) that opposed change. This anti‐elite populist rhetoric, arguably first tested in the Department for Education, has now become instituted more widely in our current British politics

Household transmission of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Alberta, Canada.

Proven or presumptive multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia was diagnosed simultaneously in three married couples in Alberta, Canada. The pair of isolates from each couple had identical antibiotic resistance profiles, serotypes, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns. One or more of these cases could have been prevented by S. pneumoniae vaccine

Dust Stratification in Young Circumstellar Disks

We present high-resolution infrared spectra of four YSOs (T Tau N, T Tau S, RNO 91, and HL Tau). The spectra exhibit narrow absorption lines of 12CO, 13CO, and C18O as well as broad emission lines of gas phase12CO. The narrow absorption lines of CO are shown to originate from the colder circumstellar gas. We find that the line of sight gas column densities resulting from the CO absorption lines are much higher than expected for the measured extinction for each source and suggest the gas to dust ratio is measuring the dust settling and/or grain coagulation in these extended disks. We provide a model of turbulence, dust settling and grain growth to explain the results. The techniques presented here allow us to provide some observationally-motivated bounds on accretion disk alpha in protostellar systems

Volatile Composition and Outgassing in C/2018 Y1 (IWAMOTO): Extending Detection Limits for High-Resolution IR Cometary Spectroscopy at the NASA-IRTF

We used iSHELL, the powerful high-resolution ( /~ 40,000) cross-dispersed IR spectrograph at the NASA-IRTF to measure the native ice composition and outgassing of moderately bright, long-period comet C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto) (hereafter Y1) within weeks of its discovery. We measured production rates for H2O, and production rates and abundance ratios relative to H2O for eight trace molecules, including the most complete measure of cometary CH4 achieved to date. Compared with mean abundances measured among comets, our study revealed enriched CH3OH and C2H6 yet depleted CO and C2H2, perhaps indicating highly efficient H- atom addition on interstellar grains prior to their incorporation into the nucleus. The combined high spectral resolving power and broad spectral coverage of iSHELL allowed characterizing cometary composition using only three instrument settings, and its long-slit coverage allowed comparing the spatial distributions of molecular emissions and dust continuum

A survey of SiO 5-4 emission towards outflows from massive young stellar objects

Results are presented of a survey of SiO 5-4 emission observed with the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) towards a sample of outflows from massive young stellar objects. The sample is drawn from a single-distance study by Ridge & Moore. In a sample of 12 sources, the 5-4 line was detected in 5, a detection rate of 42 per cent. This detection rate is higher than that found for a sample of low-luminosity outflow sources, although for sources of comparable luminosity, it is in good agreement with the results of a previous survey of high luminosity sources. For most of the detected sources, the 5-4 emission is compact or slightly extended along the direction of the outflow. NGC6334I shows a clear bipolar flow in the 5-4 line. Additional data were obtained for W3-IRS5, AFGL5142 and W75N for the 2-1 transition of SiO using the Berkeley-Illinois-Maryland Association (BIMA) millimetre interferometer. There is broad agreement between the appearance of the SiO emission in both lines, though there are some minor differences. The 2-1 emission in AFGL5142 is resolved into two outflow lobes which are spatially coincident on the sky, in good agreement with previous observations. In general the SiO emission is clearly associated with the outflow. The primary indicator of SiO 5-4 detectability is the outflow velocity, i.e. the presence of SiO is an indicator of a high velocity outflow. This result is consistent with the existence of a critical shock velocity required to disrupt dust grains and subsequent SiO formation in post-shock gas. There is also weak evidence that higher luminosity sources and denser outflows are more likely to be detected.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRA

The effect of military clothing on gunshot wound patterns in a cadaveric animal limb model

The majority of injuries in survivors of gunshot wounds (GSW) are typically to the extremities. Novel wound ballistic research is encouraged to try and capture corporate knowledge on the management of these injuries gained during recent conflicts and understand the wounding patterns seen. With recent work examining the effect of UK military clothing on extremity GSW patterns in a synthetic model, a model with greater biofidelity is needed for ballistic testing. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of UK military clothing on GSW patterns within a cadaveric animal limb model using two types of ammunition commonly used in recent conflicts—7.62 × 39 mm and 5.45 × 39 mm. In total, 24 fallow deer hind limbs were shot, 12 by 7.62 mm projectiles and the remaining 12 shot by 5.45 mm projectiles, further divided into four with no clothing layers (Cnil), four with a single clothing layer (Cmin) and four with maximum clothing layers (Cmax) as worn on active duty by UK military personnel. Limbs were analysed after ballistic impact using contrast CT scanning to obtain measurements of permanent cavity damage, and results were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results showed significantly different damage measurements within limbs with Cmax for both ammunition types compared with the other clothing states. This may result in GSWs that require more extensive surgical management, and invites further study

Preliminary effect of projectile yaw on extremity gunshot wounding in a cadaveric animal model: a serendipitous study

Gunshot wounding (GSW) is capable of causing devastating tissue injuries by delivering kinetic energy (KE) through the contact surface area of a projectile. The contact surface area can be increased by yaw, deformation and fragmentation, all of which may be caused by any intermediate layers struck by the projectile prior to entering its target. This study aims to describe whether projectile yaw occurring before penetration of a cadaveric animal limb model causes greater damage with or without clothing layers present using 5.45 × 39 mm projectiles. In total, 12 fallow deer hind limbs were shot, further divided into 4 with no clothing layers (Cnil), 4 with a single clothing layer (Cmin) and 4 with maximum clothing layers (Cmax) as worn on active duty by UK military personnel. Contrast computed tomography (CT) of limbs was used to measure permanent cavity size and the results were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA). No significant differences were found among clothing states for each series of measurements taken, with greater cavity sizes noted in all clothing states. This is in contrast to previous work looking at symmetrically flying projectiles in the same model, where a larger permanent cavity was found only with Cmax present. Projectile yaw is therefore likely to be a key variable with regard to causation of damage within this extremity wound model