Facilitation of Male Sexual Behavior in Syrian Hamsters by the Combined Action of Dihydrotestosterone and Testosterone

Testosterone (T) controls male Syrian hamster sexual behavior, however, neither of T's primary metabolites, dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and estradiol (E(2)), even in highly supraphysiological doses, fully restores sexual behavior in castrated hamsters. DHT and T apparently interact with androgen receptors differentially to control male sexual behavior (MSB), but whether these two hormones act synergistically or antagonistically to control MSB has received scant experimental attention and is addressed in the present study.Sexually experienced male Syrian hamsters were gonadectomized and monitored 5 weeks later to confirm elimination of the ejaculatory reflex (week 0), at which time they received subcutaneous DHT-filled or empty capsules that remained in situ for the duration of the experiment. Daily injections of a physiological dose of 25 µg T or vehicle commenced two weeks after capsule implantation. MSB was tested 2, 4 and 5 weeks after T treatment began. DHT capsules were no more effective than control treatment for long-term restoration of ejaculation. Combined DHT + T treatment, however, restored the ejaculatory reflex more effectively than T alone, as evidenced by more rapid recovery of ejaculatory behavior, shorter ejaculation latencies, and a greater number of ejaculations in 30 minute tests.DHT and T administered together restored sexual behavior to pre-castration levels more rapidly than did T alone, whereas DHT and vehicle were largely ineffective. The additive actions of DHT and T on MSB are discussed in relation to different effects of these androgens on androgen receptors in the male hamster brain mating circuit

Recent Chicano poetry = Neueste Chicano-Lyrik. - Zweisprachig: Englisch / Deutsch

Die legalen und illegalen Einwanderer aus Mexiko haben in den USA in Malerei, Musik, Film und Literatur eine eigene Kultur entwickelt, die im Spannungsfeld zwischen mexikanischen Traditionen und der politisch-sozialen Realität in den Vereinigten Staaten angesiedelt ist. Im vorliegenden Band werden die verschiedenen lyrischen Tendenzen innerhalb dieser wahrhaft inter-amerikanischen Bewegung dokumentiert

Territorio, Recursos Naturales y Ambiente: hacia una historia comparada : Estudio a través de Argentina, México, Costa Rica, Haití, Paraguay, Uruguay y Venezuela

Libro -- Universidad de Costa Rica. Centro de Investigaciones Geofísicas, 2014Nuestro objetivo principal ha sido establecer parámetros para una estudio comparativo de los recursos naturales y el ambiente, en función del territorio, en América Latina, a partir del estudio de casos particulares. Más concetamente, nos propusimos determinar: 1. las formas de conocimiento sobre el territorio, sus recursos naturales y su ambiente; y caracterizar los estilos científicos prevalecientes en cada etapa y región; 2. el papel de las instituciones y programas científicos en la formación de una tradición ambientalista local y las modalidades de desarrollo de estas temáticas a lo largo de la historia latinaomericana; 3. los parámetros de comprensión de las temáticas territoriales y ambientales desde las normativas y las políticas públicas de los estados; 4. los objetivos, áreas de investigación,campos de interés y resultados, según surgen de las publicaciones, productos y documentación científicos.Universidad de Costa Rica. Instituto Panamericano de Geografía e Historia (IPGH) Proyecto GEO 01.2013 – HIST. 02.2013.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro de Investigaciones Geofísicas (CIGEFI

Effectiveness of an intervention for improving drug prescription in primary care patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy:Study protocol of a cluster randomized clinical trial (Multi-PAP project)

This study was funded by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias ISCIII (Grant Numbers PI15/00276, PI15/00572, PI15/00996), REDISSEC (Project Numbers RD12/0001/0012, RD16/0001/0005), and the European Regional Development Fund ("A way to build Europe").Background: Multimorbidity is associated with negative effects both on people's health and on healthcare systems. A key problem linked to multimorbidity is polypharmacy, which in turn is associated with increased risk of partly preventable adverse effects, including mortality. The Ariadne principles describe a model of care based on a thorough assessment of diseases, treatments (and potential interactions), clinical status, context and preferences of patients with multimorbidity, with the aim of prioritizing and sharing realistic treatment goals that guide an individualized management. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a complex intervention that implements the Ariadne principles in a population of young-old patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. The intervention seeks to improve the appropriateness of prescribing in primary care (PC), as measured by the medication appropriateness index (MAI) score at 6 and 12months, as compared with usual care. Methods/Design: Design:pragmatic cluster randomized clinical trial. Unit of randomization: family physician (FP). Unit of analysis: patient. Scope: PC health centres in three autonomous communities: Aragon, Madrid, and Andalusia (Spain). Population: patients aged 65-74years with multimorbidity (≥3 chronic diseases) and polypharmacy (≥5 drugs prescribed in ≥3months). Sample size: n=400 (200 per study arm). Intervention: complex intervention based on the implementation of the Ariadne principles with two components: (1) FP training and (2) FP-patient interview. Outcomes: MAI score, health services use, quality of life (Euroqol 5D-5L), pharmacotherapy and adherence to treatment (Morisky-Green, Haynes-Sackett), and clinical and socio-demographic variables. Statistical analysis: primary outcome is the difference in MAI score between T0 and T1 and corresponding 95% confidence interval. Adjustment for confounding factors will be performed by multilevel analysis. All analyses will be carried out in accordance with the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: It is essential to provide evidence concerning interventions on PC patients with polypharmacy and multimorbidity, conducted in the context of routine clinical practice, and involving young-old patients with significant potential for preventing negative health outcomes. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02866799Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Dye solubilisation in microemulsion formulations

Trabajo presentado en el congreso Formula IV, celebrado en Gran Bretaña en julio de 2005.Microemulsion are isotropic thermodynamically stable colloidal systems with high solubilisation capacity for both water and oil. Their high solubilization power and stremely low interfacial tensions in contact with aqueous and oil phases make microemulsions very interesting media for the applications in the pharmaceutical, textile, cosmetic, etc. In a recent work, results on dye exhaution for the natural dye C.I Natural Orange 2 from O/W microemulsions from a water/nonionic surfactant/benzyl alcohol system, to wool as a function of temperature has been reported.The authors acknowledge the financial support by Spanish Ministry of Science and Education (Grant PPQ2002-04514-C03-03 and MAT2002-02613) and by Generalitat de Catalunya DURSI (Grant 2001 SGR-00357)Peer reviewe

Dye solubilisation in microemulsions

Trabajo presentado en la VI Reunión del Grupo Especializado de Coloides e Interfases, celebrada en Salamanca (España) en julio de 2005.Microemulsion are isotropic thermodynamically stable colloidal systems with high solubilisation capacity for both water and oil. Their high solubilization power and stremely low interfacial tensions in contact with aqueous and oil phases make microemulsions very interesting media for the applications in the pharmaceutical, textile, cosmetic, etc. In a recent work, results on dye exhaution for the natural dye C.I Natural Orange 2 from O/W microemulsions from a water/nonionic surfactant/benzyl alcohol system, to wool as a function of temperature has been reported.The authors acknowledge the financial support by Spanish Ministry of Science and Education (Grant PPQ2002-04514-C03-03 and MAT2002-02613) and by Generalitat de Catalunya DURSI (Grant 2001 SGR-00357)Peer reviewe

The use of O/W microemulsions formulations in the solubilisation of a natural dye

Trabajo presentado en las 38º Jornadas del CED-Annual Meeting CED, organizadas por el Comité Español de la Detergencia, Tensoactivos y Afines (CED), celebradas en Barcelona en abril de 2008.Microemulsions, isotropic thermodinamically stable colloidal systems, are characterized by high solubilisation capacity and extremely low values of interfacial tensions. This characteristics properties render microemulsions interesting media for applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, textil, etc. fields. One of the promising applications of oil-in-water (O/W) microemulsions in the textile field is the solubilisation of low water solubility dyes. In this context, we recently undertook a study on the solubilisation and dyeing properties of C.I. Natural Orange 2, a natural dye. This dye is used for dyeing fabrics, but is low water solubility poses a problem for its application which could be circumvented by its solubilisation in microemulsion media. Our results suggest that dye exhaustion occurs preferentially when the solubilizing system experiences a phase transition from one to two phases. However, dye diffusion into the fibre was poor under these conditions resulting in stripping out of the dye during washing.The authors acknowledge financial support by Spanish Ministry of Science and Education (Project CTQ2005-09063-03-02/PPQ), the University of Granada (Post-Doctoral Contract of A. F. Arteaga) and Generalitat de Catalunya (Grant 2005SGR-0018)Peer reviewe

On the Origin of Light Emission in Silicon Rich Oxide Obtained by Low-Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition

Silicon Rich Oxide (SRO) has been considered as a material to overcome the drawbacks of silicon to achieve optical functions. Various techniques can be used to produce it, including Low-Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition (LPCVD). In this paper, a brief description of the studies carried out and discussions of the results obtained on electro-, cathode-, and photoluminescence properties of SRO prepared by LPCVD and annealed at 1,100°C are presented. The experimental results lead us to accept that SRO emission properties are due to oxidation state nanoagglomerates rather than to nanocrystals. The emission mechanism is similar to Donor-Acceptor decay in semiconductors, and a wide emission spectrum, from 450 to 850 nm, has been observed. The results show that emission is a function of both silicon excess in the film and excitation energy. As a result different color emissions can be obtained by selecting the suitable excitation energy